駒
See also: 驹
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]駒 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+5, 15 strokes, Cangjie input 尸火心口 (SFPR), four-corner 77320, composition ⿰馬句)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1436, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44663
- Dae Jaweon: page 1960, character 30
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4549, character 2
- Unihan data for U+99D2
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 駒 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 驹 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 駒 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 勾 | *koː, *koːs |
| 鉤 | *koː |
| 鴝 | *koː, *ɡo |
| 句 | *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo |
| 夠 | *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː |
| 枸 | *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ |
| 軥 | *koː, *koːs, *ɡo |
| 狗 | *koːʔ |
| 苟 | *koːʔ |
| 岣 | *koːʔ, *ko |
| 笱 | *koːʔ |
| 玽 | *koːʔ |
| 耇 | *koːʔ |
| 豿 | *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ |
| 敂 | *koːʔ |
| 怐 | *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos |
| 雊 | *koːs |
| 竘 | *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ |
| 齁 | *qʰoː |
| 呴 | *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos |
| 蚼 | *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo |
| 豞 | *qʰoːs |
| 訽 | *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs |
| 佝 | *qʰoːs |
| 拘 | *ko |
| 駒 | *ko |
| 眗 | *ko |
| 跔 | *ko |
| 鮈 | *ko |
| 痀 | *ko |
| 蒟 | *koʔ, *kos |
| 絇 | *kos, *ɡo |
| 邭 | *kos |
| 劬 | *ɡo |
| 朐 | *ɡo |
| 鼩 | *ɡo |
| 斪 | *ɡo |
| 翑 | *ɡo |
| 葋 | *ɡo |
| 姁 | *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 欨 | *qʰo, *qʰoʔ |
| 喣 | *qʰoʔ |
| 煦 | *qʰoʔ, *qʰos |
| 昫 | *qʰos |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ko): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).
Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Sanskrit घोट (ghoṭa), घोड (ghoḍa) (see घोटक (ghoṭaka) for Indo-Aryan descendants), which has been borrowed into many Sino-Tibetan languages; cognate with Proto-Tani *kɯ, Mizo sa-kawr (STEDT 6023).
Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 狗 (OC *koːʔ, “dog; puppy”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ju1
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jy1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jy1
- Northern Min (KCR): kṳ́
- Eastern Min (BUC): kṳ̆
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ky1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ciu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jū
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
- Wade–Giles: chü1
- Yale: jyū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
- Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ju1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gy
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: keoi1
- Yale: kēui
- Cantonese Pinyin: koey1
- Guangdong Romanization: kêu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɵy̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰui³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jy1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
- Hakka Romanization System: giˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi1
- Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: giˋ
- Sinological IPA: /ki⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jy1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕy¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰy⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰy⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ky1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kṳ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰy⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ky1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰy⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku
- Tâi-lô: ku
- Phofsit Daibuun: kw
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ku⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /ku³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khu
- Tâi-lô: khu
- Phofsit Daibuun: qw
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰu⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khi
- Tâi-lô: khi
- Phofsit Daibuun: qy
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ku1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jy1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy³³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: kju
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ko/
Definitions
[edit]駒
- foal (young horse)
- 老馬反為駒、不顧其後。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Lǎomǎ fǎn wéi jū, bù gù qí hòu. [Pinyin]
- An old horse, notwithstanding, thinks himself a colt, and has no regard to the future.
老马反为驹、不顾其后。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “駒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “驹”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 115.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]駒
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 駒隙 (kugeki, “months and days passing quickly”)
- 隙駒 (gekiku, “months and days passing quickly”)
- 白駒 (hakku, “white horse; time”)
Etymology
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 駒 |
| こま Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Compound of 子 (ko, “child”) + 馬 (ma, “horse”).
See also 子馬 (kouma).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): [ko̞ma̠]
- (Tokyo) こま [kóꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2] (all except "bridge" sense)
- (Tokyo) こま [kòmá] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
Noun
[edit]- (rare) foal, young horse (or generally) horse
- (shogi, chess) piece, man
- 2013, Habu Yoshiharu: Shōgi-shi o nuri-kaeta otoko [Yoshiharu Habu: The man who changed the face of shogi history], page 88:
- ポーンは一歩斜めにある駒を取ることができます。
- Pōn wa ippo naname ni aru koma o toru koto ga dekimasu.
- A pawn can take a piece that is one step away diagonally.
- ポーンは一歩斜めにある駒を取ることができます。
- someone controlled by another: a pawn, a puppet
- (music) bridge (the piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board)
Synonyms
[edit]- (horse): 馬 (uma)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “駒”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ku]
- Phonetic hangul: [구]
Hanja
[edit]
駒 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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