反

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反 U+53CD, 反
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53CD
← 双
[U+53CC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 収 →
[U+53CE]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order (Mainland China)
4 strokes

Han character[edit]

反 (Kangxi radical 29, 又+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹水 (HE), four-corner 71247 or 72247, composition ⿸𠂆又(G) or ⿸厂又(TJK))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 165, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3127
  • Dae Jaweon: page 375, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 391, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53CD

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 反
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (反) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扳 *praːn, *pʰraːn
板 *praːnʔ
版 *praːnʔ
瓪 *praːnʔ, *paːnʔ
昄 *praːnʔ, *braːnʔ, *paːnʔ
鈑 *praːnʔ
蝂 *praːnʔ
眅 *pʰraːn, *pʰraːnʔ
阪 *braːnʔ, *panʔ
魬 *braːnʔ
粄 *paːnʔ
反 *panʔ, *pʰan
返 *panʔ
坂 *panʔ
畈 *pans
販 *pans
汳 *pʰans
飯 *bonʔ, *bons

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 反
simp. # 反
alternative forms 仮

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *par (“to trade; to buy; to sell”), from which Tibetan ཕར (phar, “interest (on money); exchange”) is derived.

Cognate with 販 (OC *pans, “to trade”), which is an exoactive of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan, “to return, lit. to make someone return”) (Schuessler, 2007).

番 (OC *pʰan, “a turn; a time”) is the iterative of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • bēng - vernacular;
  • huāng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • péng/púiⁿ/pán/páiⁿ - vernacular;
    • hoán - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: boin2 / bain2 / huang2 / huêng2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: póiⁿ / páiⁿ / huáng / huéng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /põĩ⁵²/, /pãĩ⁵²/, /huaŋ⁵²/, /hueŋ⁵²/
    Note:
    • boin2 - vernacular (Chaozhou, Chenghai, Raoping);
    • bain2 - vernacular (Chaoyang, Jieyang, Shantou);
    • huang2/huêng2 - literary (huêng2 - Chaozhou).
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 反
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 府遠切
    Baxter pjonX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pʉɐnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pʷiɐnX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/piuɐnX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/puanX/
    Li
    Rong         		/piuɐnX/
    Wang
    Li         		/pĭwɐnX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pi̯wɐnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fǎn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faan2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 反 反
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fǎn fǎn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bænX › ‹ pjonX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[b]ˁranʔ/ /*Cə.panʔ/
    English dignified, grand reverse (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 反
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 2968
    Phonetic
    component         		反
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		反
    Old
    Chinese         		/*panʔ/
    Definitions[edit]

    反

    1. to turn over; to reverse
      反敗為勝／反败为胜  ―  fǎnbàiwéishèng  ―  to turn defeat into victory
      隻船反咗。／只船反咗。 [Cantonese]  ―  zek3 syun4 faan2 zo2. [Jyutping]  ―  The boat capsized.
    2. to return; to counter
      反攻  ―  fǎngōng  ―  to counterattack
      反問／反问  ―  fǎnwèn  ―  to ask a question in reply
    3. to rebel; to revolt
      造反  ―  zàofǎn  ―  to rebel
    4. to oppose
      反法西斯  ―  fǎnfǎxīsī  ―  antifascist
      反貪腐／反贪腐  ―  fǎn tānfǔ  ―  anti-corruption
    5. instead; on the contrary
    6. reverse
      你把衣服穿反了。  ―  Nǐ bǎ yīfu chuān fǎn le.  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
    7. to infer; to generalize
      舉一反三／举一反三  ―  jǔyīfǎnsān  ―  to infer other cases based on one instance
    8. (literary) to reflect (on one's actions)
    9. (obsolete) to revenge
    10. (chemistry) trans-
      順反異構／顺反异构  ―  shùn-fǎn yìgòu  ―  cis-trans isomerism
      反-2-丁烯  ―  fǎn-èr-dīngxī  ―  trans-2-butene
      Antonym: 順／顺 (shùn)
    11. (Min Nan) to leaf through; to scan
    12. Alternative form of 返 (fǎn, “to return; to give back”)
    13. Short for 反革命 (fǎngémìng, “counterrevolutionary”).
      肅反／肃反  ―  sùfǎn  ―  to eliminate counterrevolutionaries
    14. (phonetics) Synonym of 切 (qiè)
    15. a surname

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 反
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 孚袁切
    Baxter phjon
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pʰʉɐn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pʰʷiɐn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pʰiuɐn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pʰuan/
    Li
    Rong         		/pʰiuɐn/
    Wang
    Li         		/pʰĭwɐn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pʰi̯wɐn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		faan1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 反
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 2974
    Phonetic
    component         		反
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		飜
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰan/
    Definitions[edit]

    反

    1. to redress
    2. to pour
    3. (phonetics) Short for 反切 (fǎnqiè, “fanqie”).
    4. to flip over

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    反

    1. Used in 反反.
    2. Alternative form of 販／贩 (fàn)

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (反):
    • → Japanese: 反(はん) (han)
    • → Korean: 반(反) (ban)
    • → Vietnamese: phản (反)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    trad. 反
    simp. # 反

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    反

    1. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note fa (4).
      Synonym: 凡 (fán) (Kunqu)

    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    See also 反する

    Kanji[edit]

    反

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. anti-

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Prefix[edit]

    反(はん) • (han-) 

    1. anti-

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 反 (MC pjonX).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [반(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    反 (eumhun 되돌릴 반 (doedollil ban))

    1. Hanja form? of 반 (“reverse; anti-”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 反 (MC phjon).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    反 (eumhun 뒤집을 번 (dwijibeul beon))

    1. (literary) Hanja form? of 번 (“to flip over”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Related to Middle Chinese 販 (MC pjonH).

    Hanja[edit]

    反 (eumhun 팔 판 (pal pan))

    1. Alternative form of 販 (“Hanja form? of 판 (“to sell”).”)

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    反: Hán Nôm readings: phản, phiên

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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