阪

See also: 坂

阪 U+962A, 阪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-962A ← 阩 [U+9629] CJK Unified Ideographs 阫 → [U+962B]

Translingual

Han character

阪 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+4, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 弓中竹水 (NLHE), four-corner 7124₇ or 7224₇, composition ⿰阝反)

Derived characters

• 𡋴

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1346, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41562
• Dae Jaweon: page 1848, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4117, character 12
• Unihan data for U+962A

Chinese

trad.		阪
simp.		坂*/阪
alternative forms		坂 岅／坂
阪 - simplified form used in some place names

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 阪
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (反) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
扳	*praːn, *pʰraːn
板	*praːnʔ
版	*praːnʔ
瓪	*praːnʔ, *paːnʔ
昄	*praːnʔ, *braːnʔ, *paːnʔ
鈑	*praːnʔ
蝂	*praːnʔ
眅	*pʰraːn, *pʰraːnʔ
阪	*braːnʔ, *panʔ
魬	*braːnʔ
粄	*paːnʔ
反	*panʔ, *pʰan
返	*panʔ
坂	*panʔ
畈	*pans
販	*pans
汳	*pʰans
飯	*bonʔ, *bons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *braːnʔ, *panʔ): semantic 阝 (“mound”) + phonetic 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan) – hill, slope.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǎn (ban³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baan² / faan²
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): póaⁿ / pán / hoán

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎn
    • Wade–Giles: pan³
    • Yale: bǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baan
    • Palladius: бань (banʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: baan² / faan²
    • Yale: báan / fáan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baan² / faan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ban² / fan²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːn³⁵/, /faːn³⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: póaⁿ / pán / hoán
    • Tâi-lô: puánn / pán / huán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pvoar, parn, hoarn
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /puã⁵³/, /pan⁵³/, /huan⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /puã⁵⁵⁴/, /pan⁵⁵⁴/, /huan⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /puã⁵³/, /pan⁵³/, /huan⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /puã⁵³/, /pan⁵³/, /huan⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /puã⁴¹/, /pan⁴¹/, /huan⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: pjonX, baenX

Rime
Character	阪	阪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	元 (66)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	府遠切	扶板切
Baxter	pjonX	baenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐnX/	/bˠanX/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐnX/	/bᵚanX/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɐnX/	/bɐnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puanX/	/baɨnX/
Li Rong	/piuɐnX/	/banX/
Wang Li	/pĭwɐnX/	/banX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯wɐnX/	/bʱanX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǎn	bàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faan2	baan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pa[n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*braːnʔ/, /*panʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	阪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ pjonX ›
Old Chinese	/*pa[n]ʔ/
English	slope, bank
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	阪	阪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	2962	2971
Phonetic component	反	反
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	阪	反
Old Chinese	/*braːnʔ/	/*panʔ/
Notes		同阪

Definitions

阪

1. (literary) slope

   • 阪有漆，隰有栗。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Bǎn yǒu qī, xí yǒu lì. [Pinyin]

     On the hill-sides are varnish trees;
     In the low wet grounds are chestnuts.

2. (literary) hillside trail

Compounds

• 大阪 (Dàbǎn)
• 峻阪
• 峻阪鹽車 / 峻阪盐车
• 蒲阪
• 阪上走丸 (bǎnshàngzǒuwán)
• 阪泉
• 阪田 (bǎntián)
• 阪阻

Japanese

Kanji

阪

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. slope, hillside

Readings

• Go-on: べん (ben)、ほん (hon)
• Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ばん (ban)
• Kun: さか (saka, 阪)

Compounds

• 大阪(おおさか) (Ōsaka)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
阪
さか Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 阪 – see the following entry.

【さか】 [noun] slope; hill Alternative spelling 坂

(This term, 阪, is an alternative spelling (only in proper nouns) of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
阪
はん Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 阪 (MC pjonX|baenX).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [hã̠ɴ]

Affix

阪(はん) • (han) ^{←はん (fan)?}

1. short for 大阪 (Ōsaka, “Ōsaka (a city in Japan)”)

   阪神(はんしん) (hanshin)

References

• “^△阪”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 阪 (MC baenX). Recorded as Middle Korean 판〮 (phán) (Yale: phan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

阪 (eumhun 언덕 판 (eondeok pan))

1. hanja form^? of 판 (“slope; hill”)

Compounds

• 대판 (大阪, Daepan, “Osaka”)
• 험판 (嶮阪/險坂, heompan)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

阪: Hán Nôm readings: phản, bản

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.