親

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See also: 亲
親 U+89AA, 親
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89AA
← 覩
[U+89A9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覫 →
[U+89AB]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 親
Simplified 亲
Traditional 親

Han character[edit]

親 (radical 147, 見+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜木月山山 (YDBUU), four-corner 06910, composition ⿰亲見)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1136, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34918
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1602, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3671, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+89AA

Chinese[edit]

trad. 親
simp. 亲*

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 親
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script
親-bronze.svg 親-silk.svg 親-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Bronze script: phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰin, *sʰins): phonetic 辛 (OC *siŋ) + semantic 見 (“see”).

Seal script: phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰin, *sʰins): phonetic 𣓀 + semantic 見 (“see”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - vernacular;
  • chhin - literary.
  • Wu
    Rime
    Character 親
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 清 (14)
    Final (韻) 眞 (43)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 七人切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sʰiɪn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡sʰin/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡sʰjen/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sʰin/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡sʰiĕn/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sʰĭĕn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡sʰi̯ĕn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qīn
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 親
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qīn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tshin ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[tsʰ]i[n]/
    English close; parents

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 親
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 13804
    Phonetic
    component         		辛
    Rime
    group         		眞
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		親
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sʰin/
    Notes 說文親（同榛）聲

    Definitions[edit]

    親

    1. intimate; bosom; closely acquainted; beloved; dear
    2. parent(s); father and/or mother
    3. relatives; blood or marriage relation
    4. related by blood; blood (brothers, sisters)
    5. marriage; matrimony
    6. to be close to; to become intimate with
    7. to fraternise with; to support or endorse; pro-
      今以汝為親魏倭王。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      今以汝为亲魏倭王。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3rd century CE
      Jīn yǐ rǔ wéi qīn wèi wō wáng. [Pinyin]
      You [Himiko] shall be the Ruler of Wa, Friendly to Wei.
    8. to approach; to go near; to get in touch with
    9. to kiss; to brush one's lips against
    10. personally; in person; with one's own (body part)
    11. close person; reliable person; intimate friend
    12. accurate; true
    13. 34th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "kinship" (𝌧)
    14. (Internet, customer service) dear sir or madam
    15. Alternative form of 新 (xīn, “to renew; to replace”).
    16. A surname​.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 親

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Note: Irregular, due to assimilation by the following velar k- initial of 家.
    Rime
    Character 親
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 清 (14)
    Final (韻) 眞 (43)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 七遴切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sʰiɪnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡sʰinH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡sʰjenH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sʰinH/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡sʰiĕnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sʰĭĕnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡sʰi̯ĕnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qìn
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 親
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 13806
    Phonetic
    component         		辛
    Rime
    group         		眞
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		親
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sʰins/

    Definitions[edit]

    親

    1. Only used in 親家／亲家 (qìngjia, “one's child's parents-in-law”) and related terms.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 親

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    親

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. parent, elder

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    親
    おや
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, “to become old”, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    親(おや) • (oya) 

    1. a parent
      • 1988 July 30 [Jul 25 1984], Fujiko F. Fujio, “世(せ)界(かい)名(めい)作(さく)童(どう)話(わ)第(だい)１巻(かん)　みにくいアヒルの子(こ) [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 1: The Ugly Duckling]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), volume 2 (fiction), 10th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 112:
        ぼくのほんとのおやはだれかしら。
        Boku no honto no oya wa dare kashira.
        What are my real parents like?
      • 2007 October 20, Izawa, Hiroshi; Yamada, Kotaro, “第(だい)41話(わ)　闇(やみ)の誘(さそ)い [Chapter 41: Invitation from the Dark]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], volume 5 (fiction), Jump Remix edition, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 173:
        父(ちち)から子(こ)に託(たく)した強(きょう)者(しゃ)の剣(けん)というわけか　あ　いや　すまん　お前(まえ)の本(ほん)当(とう)の父(ちち)親(おや)は…
        いいんだ　ハルトムート(本当の親)の記(き)憶(おく)なんて何(なに)もない　オレの親(おや)はオヤジ一(ひと)人(り)さ
        Chichi kara ko ni taku shita kyōsha no ken to iu wake ka A iya suman O-mae no hontō no chichioya wa…
        Iin da Hartomūto no kioku nan te nani mo nai Ore no oya wa oyaji hitori sa
        So is it like a sword for strong men, passed down from father to son or something? Oh, right, sorry. Your real father was…
        It’s alright. I don’t remember anything about Hartmut. Pops is the only parent I’ve ever had.
    2. the originator or founder of a school, company, or other organization
    3. the boss or leader
    4. the larger one of several objects of the same kind
    5. (gambling) the dealer, the banker
    6. one's ancestors, one's forebears

    Idioms[edit]

    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    親 • (chin) (hangeul 친, revised chin, McCune–Reischauer ch'in, Yale chin)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    親 (thân)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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