親

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See also: 亲
親 U+89AA, 親
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89AA
← 覩
[U+89A9]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 覫 →
[U+89AB]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

親 (radical 147 見+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜木月山山 (YDBUU), four-corner 06910, composition ⿰亲見)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1136, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34918
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1602, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3671, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+89AA

Chinese[edit]

trad. 親
simp. 亲*

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 親
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script
親-bronze.svg 親-silk.svg 親-seal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰin, *sʰins): phonetic 𣓀 + semantic 見 (“see”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • chhin - literary;
  • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七人切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰin/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰiĕn/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qīn
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 親
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qīn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tshin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[tsʰ]i[n]/
English close; parents

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 1/2
No. 13804
Phonetic
component		 辛
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 親
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰin/
Notes 說文親（同榛）聲

Definitions[edit]

親

  1. intimate; bosom; closely acquainted; beloved; dear
  2. parent(s); father and/or mother
  3. relatives; blood or marriage relation
  4. related by blood; blood (brothers, sisters)
  5. marriage; matrimony
  6. to be close to; to become intimate with
  7. to fraternise with; to support or endorse; pro-
  8. to approach; to go near; to get in touch with
  9. to kiss; to brush one's lips against
  10. personally; in person; with one's own (body part)
  11. close person; reliable person; intimate friend
  12. accurate; true
  13. 34th tetragram of the Taixuanjing
  14. (Internet, customer service) dear sir or madam
  15. Alternative form of 新 (xīn, “to renew; to replace”).
  16. A surname​.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 親

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Note: Irregular, due to assimilation by the following velar k- initial of 家.
Rime
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七遴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡sʰiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡sʰinH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡sʰjenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡sʰinH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡sʰiĕnH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sʰĭĕnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡sʰi̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qìn
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 親
Reading # 2/2
No. 13806
Phonetic
component		 辛
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 親
Old
Chinese		 /*sʰins/

Definitions[edit]

親

  1. Only used in 親家／亲家 (qìngjia, “one's child's parents-in-law”) and related terms.

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 親

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

親

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. parent, elder

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
親
おや
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, “to become old”, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

親 (hiragana おや, rōmaji oya)

  1. a parent
    • 1988 July 30 [Jul 25 1984], Fujiko F. Fujio, “世せ界かい名めい作さく童どう話わ第だい１巻かん　みにくいアヒルの子こ [World’s Renowned Fairy Tales Book 1: The Ugly Duckling]”, in ポストの中の明日 [Post-Mid-Tomorrow] (藤子不二雄少年SF短編集; 2), volume 2 (fiction, in Japanese), 10th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 112:
      ぼくのほんとのおやはだれかしら。
      Boku no honto no oya wa dare kashira.
      What are my real parents like?
  2. the originator or founder of a school, company, or other organization
  3. the boss or leader
  4. the larger one of several objects of the same kind
  5. (gambling) the dealer, the banker
  6. one's ancestors, one's forebears

Idioms[edit]

Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

親 • (chin) (hangeul 친, revised chin, McCune-Reischauer ch'in, Yale chin)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

親 (thân)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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