親

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See also: 亲
親 U+89AA, 親
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-89AA
← 覩
[U+89A9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覫 →
[U+89AB]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 親
Simplified 亲
Traditional 親

Han character[edit]

親 (Kangxi radical 147, 見+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜木月山山 (YDBUU), four-corner 06910, composition ⿰亲見)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1136, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34918
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1602, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3671, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+89AA

Chinese[edit]

trad. 親
simp. 亲*
alternative forms
 
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴／𡩁 ancient
𡪔
媇
𧡘
𡩁 ancient
寴／𡩁 ancient
𡪔
𢾉
𧠍
𧠸
𧡿

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 親
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (辛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
親 *sʰin, *sʰins
寴 *sʰin, *sʰins
儭 *sʰins, *sʰrins
瀙 *sʰins, *ʔsrin, *sʰrins
辛 *siŋ
新 *siŋ
薪 *siŋ
襯 *sʰrins
櫬 *sʰrins
嚫 *t͡sʰrinh
莘 *sriŋ
騂 *seŋ
垶 *seŋ
觪 *seŋ

Bronze script: phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰin, *sʰins): phonetic 辛 (OC *siŋ) + semantic 見 (“see”).

Seal script: phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰin, *sʰins): phonetic 𣓀 + semantic 見 (“see”).

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - vernacular;
  • chhin - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 親
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 清 (14)
    Final (韻) 眞 (43)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 七人切
    Baxter tshin
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sʰiɪn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡sʰin/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡sʰjen/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sʰin/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡sʰiĕn/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sʰĭĕn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡sʰi̯ĕn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qīn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		can1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 親
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qīn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tshin ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[tsʰ]i[n]/
    English close; parents

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 親
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 13804
    Phonetic
    component         		辛
    Rime
    group         		眞
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		親
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sʰin/
    Notes 說文親（同榛）聲
    Definitions[edit]

    親

    1. ⁜ paternal relatives
    2. intimate; bosom; closely acquainted; beloved; dear
    3. parent(s); father and/or mother
    4. relatives; blood or marriage relation
    5. related by blood; blood (brothers, sisters)
    6. marriage; matrimony
    7. to be close to; to become intimate with
    8. to fraternise with; to support or endorse; pro-
      今以汝為親魏倭王。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
      今以汝为亲魏倭王。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
      From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3rd century CE
      Jīn yǐ rǔ wéi qīn wèi wō wáng. [Pinyin]
      You [Himiko] shall be the Ruler of Wa, Friendly to Wei.
    9. to approach; to go near; to get in touch with
    10. to kiss; to brush one's lips against
    11. personally; in person; with one's own (body part)
    12. close person; reliable person; intimate friend
    13. accurate; true
    14. 34th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "kinship" (𝌧)
    15. (Mainland China, Internet, customer service) dear sir or madam
    16. Alternative form of 新 (xīn, “to renew; to replace”)
    17. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 吻 (“to kiss”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吻, 親, 親吻
    Mandarin Beijing 吻, 親
    Taiwan 吻, 親
    Yantai (Muping) 親
    Wanrong 親
    Xi'an 親
    Yangzhou 親
    Singapore 吻, 親
    Cantonese Guangzhou 惜, 啜, 痛
    Hong Kong 惜, 啜, 嘴
    Taishan 啜
    Dongguan 啜
    Singapore (Guangfu) 惜
    Hakka Meixian 唚
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 唚
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 唚
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 唚
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 唚
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 唚
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 唚
    Jin Taiyuan 親
    Xinzhou 親
    Min Bei Jian'ou 蜜
    Songxi 鼻
    Zhenghe 蜜
    Jianyang 蜜
    Wuyishan 敕
    Pucheng (Shibei) 鼻
    Min Dong Fuzhou 唚
    Min Nan Xiamen 唚
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 唚
    Quanzhou 唚
    Shishi 唚
    Zhangzhou 唚
    Tainan 唚
    Penang (Hokkien) 唚
    Singapore (Hokkien) 唚
    Manila (Hokkien) 唚
    Chaozhou 唚
    Shantou 唚
    Singapore (Teochew) 唚
    Haikou 惜
    Wu Shanghai 香, 親
    Shanghai (Chongming) 香
    Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 香
    Suzhou 香
    Hangzhou 香
    Ningbo 親
    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Note: Irregular, due to assimilation by the following velar k- initial of 家.
    Rime
    Character 親
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 清 (14)
    Final (韻) 眞 (43)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 七遴切
    Baxter tshinH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sʰiɪnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡sʰinH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡sʰjenH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sʰinH/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡sʰiĕnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sʰĭĕnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/t͡sʰi̯ĕnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qìn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		can3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 親
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 13806
    Phonetic
    component         		辛
    Rime
    group         		眞
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		親
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sʰins/
    Definitions[edit]

    親

    1. Only used in 親家／亲家 (qìngjia, “one's child's parents-in-law”) and related terms.
    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 親 – see 嚫.
    (This character, 親, is a variant form of 嚫.)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    親

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. parent, elder

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    親
    おや
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    祖

    From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *əya. Cognate with or derived from Old Japanese verb 老ゆ (oyu, “to become old”, modern 老いる oiru), from the idea of one's elders.[2]

    First cited in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    親(おや) • (oya) 

    1. [from 720] a parent
    2. [from 1001] the originator or founder of a school, company, or other organization
    3. [from 1001] the boss or leader
    4. [from 1809] the larger one of several objects of the same kind
    5. [from 1686] (hanafuda, card games, by extension, board games) the dealer, (gambling) the banker
      Coordinate term: 子 (ko)
    6. [from 712] one's ancestors, one's forebears

    Idioms[edit]

    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “親・祖”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    3. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    5. ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 親 (MC tshin|tshinH). Recorded as Middle Korean 친 (chin) (Yale: chin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    親 (eumhun 친할 친 (chinhal chin))

    1. Hanja form? of 친 (“intimate”).
    2. Hanja form? of 친 (“relative; parent”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    親: Hán Nôm readings: thân

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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