蜜
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]蜜 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+8, 14 strokes, Cangjie input 十心竹戈 (JPHI), four-corner 30136, composition ⿱宓虫)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1085, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33143
- Dae Jaweon: page 1553, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2866, character 7
- Unihan data for U+871C
Chinese
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
蜜 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
[edit]| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 泌 | *mpriɡs, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
| 秘 | *mpriɡs |
| 毖 | *priɡs |
| 閟 | *priɡs |
| 柲 | *priɡs, *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
| 鉍 | *priɡs, *priɡ |
| 邲 | *priɡs, *bliɡ, *briɡ |
| 覕 | *pliŋs, *mbliːɡ |
| 咇 | *bliːɡ, *priɡ, *bliɡ |
| 苾 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
| 馝 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
| 飶 | *bliːɡ, *bliɡ |
| 鴓 | *mbliːɡ |
| 鮅 | *pliɡ, *bliɡ |
| 必 | *pliɡ |
| 珌 | *pliɡ |
| 佖 | *bliɡ, *briɡ |
| 駜 | *bliɡ, *briɡ |
| 怭 | *bliɡ |
| 妼 | *bliɡ |
| 宓 | *mriɡ, *mliɡ |
| 樒 | *mriɡ |
| 密 | *mriɡ |
| 蔤 | *mriɡ |
| 滵 | *mriɡ |
| 蜜 | *mliɡ |
| 謐 | *mliɡ |
| 榓 | *mliɡ |
| 淧 | *mliɡ |
| 瑟 | *smriɡ, *smriɡ |
| 璱 | *sriɡ |
| 飋 | *sriɡ |
| 虙 | *blɯɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mliɡ): phonetic 宓 (OC *mriɡ, *mliɡ) + semantic 虫 (“insect”). The original form is 𧖅.
Etymology
[edit]Possibly from Tocharian B mit, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (“honey”). Cognate with English mead, Dutch mede (“mead”) German Met (“mead”), Swedish mjöd (“mead”), Sanskrit मधु (madhu, “honey”), Ancient Greek μέθυ (méthu, “wine”), Old Church Slavonic медъ (medŭ, “honey”), Russian мёд (mjod, “honey”), Polish miód (“honey”).[1]
Sense “mistress, young girl” is additionally a phono-semantic matching of English miss.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mi2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): mǐ
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): mit6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): mĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): mĭk
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bih7
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): mat5
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 8miq
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): mi6
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): mi4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: mì
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mì
- Wade–Giles: mi4
- Yale: mì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mih
- Palladius: ми (mi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: mi2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mi
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: mǐ
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mat6
- Yale: maht
- Cantonese Pinyin: mat9
- Guangdong Romanization: med6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐt̚²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: mat8
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐt̚²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: mit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mit̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: me̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: med
- Hagfa Pinyim: med6
- Sinological IPA: /met̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: medˋ
- Sinological IPA: /met²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /miəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /miʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bih7
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bi̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /piʔ⁴/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bi̍t
- Tâi-lô: bi̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: bit
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bit̚⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /bit̚¹²¹/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /bit̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bhig8 / mig8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bi̍k / mi̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /bik̚⁴/, /mik̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
Note:
- bhig8 - vernacular;
- mig8 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: mat5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mət̚²⁴/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: mi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi²⁴/
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: mi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mi³⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: mjit
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mit/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mliɡ/
Definitions
[edit]蜜
- honey
- 1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 申命記 [Deuteronomy] 6:3:
- 以色列阿、你要聽、要謹守遵行、使你可以在那流奶與蜜之地、得以享福、人數極其增多、正如耶和華你列祖的上帝所應許你的。 [MSC, trad.]
- Yǐsèliè a, nǐ yào tīng, yào jǐnshǒu zūnxíng, shǐ nǐ kěyǐ zài nà liú nǎi yǔ mì zhī dì, déyǐ xiǎngfú, rénshù jíqí zēngduō, zhèngrú Yēhéhuá nǐ lièzǔ de Shàngdì suǒ yīngxǔ nǐ de. [Pinyin]
- Hear therefore, O Israel, and observe to do it; that it may be well with thee, and that ye may increase mightily, as the Lord God of thy fathers hath promised thee, in the land that floweth with milk and honey.
以色列阿、你要听、要谨守遵行、使你可以在那流奶与蜜之地、得以享福、人数极其增多、正如耶和华你列祖的上帝所应许你的。 [MSC, simp.]
- 2021, “Good Time”, 林寶 (lyrics), SOHO, Jimmy Brown, and 吳鏑 (music)[1]performed by 張天賦 [MC Cheung Tinfu]:
- resembling honey
- beeswax
- (dialectal Cantonese) bee; honeybee
- (figurative) sweet; honeyed
- mistress; young girl
- (Hokkien) to marinate in honey or sugar
Synonyms
[edit]- (honey):
- (honeybee):
Descendants
[edit]Sino-Xenic (蜜):
Compounds
[edit]- 乖唇蜜舌
- 仙草蜜
- 刀蜜
- 刀頭蜜 / 刀头蜜
- 刺蜜
- 口甜如蜜
- 口蜜腹劍 / 口蜜腹剑 (kǒumìfùjiàn)
- 呾蜜
- 山蜜
- 崖蜜
- 度蜜月
- 搖蜜 / 摇蜜
- 木蜜
- 朱蜜
- 松蜜
- 柔情蜜意
- 梨花蜜
- 樹蜜 / 树蜜
- 檜花蜜 / 桧花蜜
- 水蜜桃 (shuǐmìtáo)
- 波羅蜜 / 波罗蜜 (bōluómì)
- 溫情蜜意 / 温情蜜意
- 然蜜
- 煉蜜 / 炼蜜
- 營蜜 / 营蜜
- 甘蜜 (gānmì)
- 甜嘴蜜舌
- 甜甜蜜蜜 (tiántiánmìmì)
- 甜蜜 (tiánmì)
- 甜蜜蜜
- 甜言蜜語 / 甜言蜜语 (tiányánmìyǔ)
- 白蜜
- 石蜜
- 穴蜜
- 糖舌蜜口
- 糖蜜 (tángmì)
- 花甜蜜嘴
- 花甜蜜就
- 花蜜 (huāmì)
- 菠蘿蜜 / 菠萝蜜 (bōluómì)
- 虎井蜜 (hó͘-chíⁿ-bi̍t) (Min Nan)
- 蜂蜜 (fēngmì)
- 蜜丁
- 蜜不齒蜂 / 蜜不齿蜂
- 蜜丸
- 蜜丸子
- 蜜人 (mìrén)
- 蜜供
- 蜜勿
- 蜜印
- 蜜口劍腹 / 蜜口剑腹
- 蜜合色
- 蜜唧
- 蜜官
- 蜜戀 / 蜜恋
- 蜜房
- 蜜月 (mìyuè)
- 蜜杏
- 蜜果
- 蜜果冰
- 蜜林檎
- 蜜柑 (mìgān)
- 蜜棗 / 蜜枣 (mìzǎo)
- 蜜橘
- 蜜橙糕 (mìchénggāo)
- 蜜殊
- 蜜母
- 蜜水 (mìshuǐ)
- 蜜汁 (mìzhī)
- 蜜滓
- 蜜源 (mìyuán)
- 蜜漿 / 蜜浆
- 蜜漬 / 蜜渍
- 蜜炬
- 蜜煎
- 蜜煎煎
- 蜜燭 / 蜜烛
- 蜜父
- 蜜獾 (mìhuān)
- 蜜璽 / 蜜玺
- 蜜瓜 (mìguā)
- 蜜甘
- 蜜甜
- 蜜的支
- 蜜筒
- 蜜筩 / 蜜筒
- 蜜糕
- 蜜糖 (mìtáng)
- 蜜罐兒 / 蜜罐儿 (mìguànr)
- 蜜翁翁
- 蜜脾
- 蜜腺
- 蜜色 (mìsè)
- 蜜草
- 蜜荔枝
- 蜜藕
- 蜜蘇 / 蜜苏
- 蜜蜂 (mìfēng)
- 蜜蜂窩 / 蜜蜂窝
- 蜜蜜甜
- 蜜蝍
- 蜜蟲 / 蜜虫 (mìchóng)
- 蜜蟻 / 蜜蚁
- 蜜蠟 / 蜜蜡 (mìlà)
- 蜜裡藏刀 / 蜜里藏刀
- 蜜裡調油 / 蜜里调油
- 蜜語甜言 / 蜜语甜言
- 蜜課 / 蜜课
- 蜜豆冰
- 蜜酒
- 蜜醴
- 蜜雲龍 / 蜜云龙
- 蜜露
- 蜜章
- 蜜食
- 蜜餅 / 蜜饼
- 蜜餌 / 蜜饵 (mì'ěr)
- 蜜餞 / 蜜饯 (mìjiàn)
- 蜜香
- 蜜香樹 / 蜜香树
- 蜜香紙 / 蜜香纸
- 蜜麵 / 蜜面
- 蠟蜜 / 蜡蜜
- 課蜜 / 课蜜
- 護蜜 / 护蜜
- 酥蜜
- 釀蜜 / 酿蜜 (niàngmì)
- 飴蜜 / 饴蜜
- 餳蜜 / 饧蜜
- 鸞蜂蜜 / 鸾蜂蜜
- 麨蜜 / 𪎊蜜
- 黃花蜜菜 / 黄花蜜菜
References
[edit]- ^ Alexander Lubotsky (1998), “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]蜜
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 波羅蜜 (haramitsu), 波羅蜜多 (haramitta, “perfection, completeness”, in Buddhism)
Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蜜 |
| みつ Grade: S |
| goon |
/mitɨ/ → /mitʉ/ → /mit͡su/. From Middle Chinese 蜜 (MC mjit). This word appears to have been nativized sooner than other Sino-Japanese vocabulary, as evidenced by the Nippo Jisho (1603), which transcibes this word as mitçu, while similar 密 is transcribed as mit, preserving the coda -t from Chinese.[1] Both have become mitsu in modern Japanese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- honey (viscous food produced by bees)
- Synonym: 蜂蜜 (hachimitsu)
- nectar
- molasses, treacle, syrup
- Synonym: 糖蜜 (tōmitsu)
- short for 蜜砂糖 (mitsuzatō): brown sugar
Derived terms
[edit]- 蜜砂糖 (mitsuzatō)
- 蜜吸 (mitsusui)
- 蜜腺 (mitsusen)
- 蜜蜂 (mitsubachi)
- 蜜蝋 (mitsurō)
- 餡蜜 (anmitsu)
- 黒蜜 (kuromitsu)
- 氷蜜 (kōrimitsu, “finely ground rock candy cooked with egg white, mixed with cold water as a beverage”)
- 砂糖蜜 (satō mitsu, “sugar syrup”)
- 白蜜 (shiromitsu, “light-colored honey”)
- 石蜜 (sekimitsu, “crystallized honey; rock candy”)
- 酥蜜, 蘇蜜 (somitsu, “mixture of butter fat and honey, used medicinally or as a sweetener”)
Affix
[edit]- honey, nectar
- sweet
- Used in Sanskrit transliterations
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 蜜 |
| みち Grade: S |
| goon |
/mitɨ/ → /mit͡ɕi/
Alternative reading of mitsu above.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (rare) Same as みつ (mitsu) above
Usage notes
[edit]Only used on its own. Not used in compounds.
References
[edit]- ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604), Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 蜜 (MC mjit). See the hangul entry at 밀 (mil, “beeswax”) for the etymology concerning the “beeswax” sense.
| Historical readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 미ᇙ〮 (Yale: mílq) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | ᄭᅮᆯ〮 (Yale: skwúl) | 밀〮 (Yale: míl) |
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 미ᇙ〮 (Yale: mílq) in Gugeupbangeonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (honey):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [miɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [밀]
- (beeswax):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mi(ː)ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [밀(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]蜜
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 蜜 (mjit).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]蜜 (michi)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]Noun
[edit]蜜
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