彌

See also: 弥

彌 U+5F4C, 彌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F4C ← 彋 [U+5F4B] CJK Unified Ideographs 彍 → [U+5F4D]

Translingual

Japanese	弥
Simplified	弥
Traditional	彌

Han character

彌 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 弓一火月 (NMFB), four-corner 1122₇, composition ⿰弓爾)

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 361, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9877
• Dae Jaweon: page 679, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1004, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5F4C

Chinese

trad.		彌
simp.		弥*
alternative forms		𢑀 㣆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嬭	*rneːlʔ, *niːlʔ
禰	*niːlʔ
镾	*niːlʔ, *mnel
薾	*niːlʔ
檷	*niːlʔ
鑈	*niːlʔ, *neːb
瀰	*niːlʔ, *mnel, *mnelʔ
獼	*mnel
瓕	*mnel
彌	*mnel
鸍	*mnel, *hnjel
擟	*mnel
濔	*mnelʔ
壐	*smlelʔ
璽	*smlelʔ
爾	*njelʔ
邇	*njelʔ
獮	*smlenʔ
籋	*neb, *neːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mnel): semantic 弓 + phonetic 爾 (OC *njelʔ).

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mí (mi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁴, nei⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mì

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ni³

• Min Dong (BUC): mì
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): bî / mî / mí / ní / nî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ni²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁶mi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mí
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mí
    • Wade–Giles: mi²
    • Yale: mí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mi
    • Palladius: ми (mi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mei⁴, nei⁴
    • Yale: mèih, nèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁴, nei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: méi⁴, néi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²¹/, /nei̯²¹/

Note: nei4 - more common variant.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mì
    • Hakka Romanization System: miˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mi²
    • Sinological IPA: /mi¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ni³
    • Sinological IPA: /ni³¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî
    • Tâi-lô: bî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bii
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /bi²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî
    • Tâi-lô: mî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mii
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /mĩ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /mĩ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ²³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mí
    • Tâi-lô: mí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mie
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /mĩ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
    • Tâi-lô: ní
    • Phofsit Daibuun: nie
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /nĩ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nî
    • Tâi-lô: nî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: nii
    • IPA (Taipei): /nĩ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ni²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ní
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wugniu: ⁶mi
    • Wiktionary Romanisation: ³mi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: mjie

Rime
Character	彌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	武移切
Baxter	mjie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/mjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miə̆/
Li Rong	/mie/
Wang Li	/mǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/mie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-nə[r]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mnel/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	彌
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mí
Middle Chinese	‹ mjie ›
Old Chinese	/*m-nə[r]/
English	to complete
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	彌
Reading #	1/1
No.	2808
Phonetic component	爾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	彌
Old Chinese	/*mnel/

Definitions

彌

1. to relax a bow
2. to fill; to cover
3. full; overflowing; extensive

   alt. forms: 瀰／弥

4. long; distant
5. more

   • 顏淵喟然歎曰：「仰之彌高，鑽之彌堅。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     颜渊喟然叹曰：“仰之弥高，钻之弥坚。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yán Yuān kuìrán tàn yuē: “Yǎng zhī mí gāo, zuān zhī mí jiān.” [Pinyin]

     Yan Yuan, in admiration of the Master's doctrines, sighed and said, “I looked up to them, and they seemed to become more high; I tried to penetrate them, and they seemed to become more firm; […]

   • 然則諸侯之地有限，暴秦之欲無厭，奉之彌繁，侵之愈急。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     然则诸侯之地有限，暴秦之欲无厌，奉之弥繁，侵之愈急。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 11^th century CE, 蘇洵 (Su Xun), 六國論

     Ránzé zhūhóu zhī dì yǒu xiàn, bào Qín zhī yù wú yàn, fèng zhī mí fán, qīn zhī yù jí. [Pinyin]

     The lands of the six states were limited, while the desire of Qin was insatiable. The more frequent the six states offered Qin land, the hastier Qin invaded them.

6. to mend; to repair
7. a surname

Synonyms

• (more):

• 加二 (¹ka-gni) (Wu)
• 加偌 (Min Nan)
• 又加 (⁶yi-ka) (Wu)
• 又閣較／又阁较 (Min Nan)
• 愈 (yù)
• 愈加 (yùjiā)
• 愈發／愈发 (yùfā)
• 愈益 (yùyì)
• 更 (gèng)
• 更加 (gèngjiā)
• 更見／更见 (gen⁴ jian⁴) (Sichuanese)
• 益 (yì) (literary)
• 益發／益发 (yìfā)
• 罔 (muōng) (Min Dong)
• 越
• 越加 (yuèjiā)
• 越發／越发 (yuèfā)
• 重 (Cantonese)
• 閣較／阁较 (Min Nan)

 

Compounds

• 仰之彌高／仰之弥高 (yǎngzhīmígāo)
• 封彌／封弥
• 彌事／弥事
• 彌天／弥天 (mítiān)
• 彌天亙地／弥天亘地 (mítiāngèndì)
• 彌天大罪／弥天大罪 (mítiāndàzuì)
• 彌天大謊／弥天大谎 (mítiāndàhuǎng)
• 彌天案／弥天案
• 彌封／弥封 (mífēng)
• 彌市／弥市 (Míshì)
• 彌年／弥年
• 彌敬／弥敬
• 彌時／弥时
• 彌月／弥月 (míyuè)
• 彌月酒／弥月酒 (míyuèjiǔ)
• 彌望／弥望 (míwàng)
• 彌滿／弥满
• 彌漫／弥漫 (mímàn)
• 彌生文化／弥生文化
• 彌留／弥留 (míliú)
• 彌綸／弥纶
• 彌縫／弥缝
• 彌羅／弥罗
• 彌習彌佳／弥习弥佳
• 彌補／弥补 (míbǔ)
• 彌足珍貴／弥足珍贵 (mízúzhēnguì)
• 愛彌兒／爱弥儿
• 日久彌新／日久弥新
• 曠日彌久／旷日弥久
• 欲蓋彌彰／欲盖弥彰 (yùgàimízhāng)
• 歷久彌新／历久弥新 (lìjiǔmíxīn)
• 老而彌堅／老而弥坚

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mí (mi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁴, nei⁴
• Min Dong (BUC): mì
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): bî / mî / mí / bí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mi⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁶mi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mí
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mí
    • Wade–Giles: mi²
    • Yale: mí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mi
    • Palladius: ми (mi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mei⁴, nei⁴
    • Yale: mèih, nèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁴, nei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: méi⁴, néi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²¹/, /nei̯²¹/

Note: nei4 - more common variant.

• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî
    • Tâi-lô: bî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bii
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /bi²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî
    • Tâi-lô: mî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mii
    • IPA (Taipei): /mĩ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ²³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mí
    • Tâi-lô: mí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mie
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /mĩ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /mĩ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí
    • Tâi-lô: bí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bie
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bi⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mi⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mî
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wugniu: ⁶mi
    • Wiktionary Romanisation: ³mi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: mjie

Rime
Character	彌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	武移切
Baxter	mjie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/mjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miə̆/
Li Rong	/mie/
Wang Li	/mǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/mie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei4

Definitions

彌

1. Used in transcription.

Compounds

• 彌勒／弥勒 (Mílè)
• 彌勒佛／弥勒佛 (Mílèfó)
• 彌撒／弥撒
• 彌撒曲／弥撒曲 (mísāqǔ)
• 彌撒經書／弥撒经书
• 彌賽亞／弥赛亚 (Mísàiyà)
• 彌迦／弥迦 (Míjiā)
• 彌迦書／弥迦书 (Míjiāshū)
• 彌陀／弥陀 (Mítuó)
• 望彌撒／望弥撒
• 沙彌／沙弥 (shāmí)
• 阿彌陀佛／阿弥陀佛
• 阿彌陀經／阿弥陀经
• 須彌山／须弥山
• 須彌座／须弥座

 

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mǐ (mi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǐ
    • Wade–Giles: mi³
    • Yale: mǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mii
    • Palladius: ми (mi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²¹⁴/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-nə[r]ʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	彌
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mí
Middle Chinese	‹ mjieX ›
Old Chinese	/*m-nə[r]ʔ/
English	stop
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

彌

1. Alternative form of 弭 (mǐ, “to stop; to put down”)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ní (ni²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ní
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ní
    • Wade–Giles: ni²
    • Yale: ní
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ni
    • Palladius: ни (ni)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni³⁵/

Definitions

彌

1. Alternative form of 婗 (ní)

Japanese

Shinjitai	弥
Kyūjitai	彌

Kanji

彌

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 弥)

1. Kyūjitai form of 弥.

Readings

• Go-on: み (mi)
• Kan-on: び (bi)
• Kun: ひさしい (hisashii, 彌しい); わたる (wataru, 彌る); あまねし (amaneshi, 彌し); いよいよ (iyoiyo, 彌)

Korean

Hanja

彌 (eumhun 미륵 미 (mireuk mi))
彌 (eumhun 두루 미 (duru mi))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 彌

Vietnamese

Han character

彌: Hán Việt readings: di
彌: Nôm readings: di

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation