暴

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See also: 異
暴 U+66B4, 暴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66B4
← 暳
[U+66B3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 暵 →
[U+66B5]
暴 U+FA06, 暴
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA06
← 洞
[U+FA05] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 輻 →
[U+FA07]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

暴 (radical 72, 日+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日廿金水 (ATCE), four-corner 60132, composition ⿳日共氺)

Derived characters[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • KangXi: page 499, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14137
  • Dae Jaweon: page 868, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1532, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+66B4

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 暴
alternative forms
 
㫧
㬥
㬧
曓
𣉱
㫧
㬥
㬧
曓
𣉱
𣊴
𣊻
曝
虣
𣋏
𣋳
𣋴

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 暴
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
暴-oracle.svg 暴-seal.svg 暴-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (暴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
暴 *boːwɢs, *boːɡ
曝 *boːwɢs, *boːɡ
瀑 *boːwɢs, *boːɡ
虣 *boːwɢs
爆 *proːwɢs, *poːwɢ, *proːwɢ
襮 *poːwɢ, *poːwɢ
嚗 *proːwɢ
謈 *pʰroːwɢ, *broːwɢ
犦 *broːwɢ, *poːwɢ
懪 *broːwɢ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) – originally (in oracle script) the antler of a buck (at bottom), indicating a savage attack. Subsequently significantly simplified and abstracted: in seal script analyzed as 日 + 出 + 廾 + 米, while in current form rather 日 + 共 + 水 (similar to unrelated 異); compare bottom component to bottom right of 様. In the Liushutong, it is analyzed as 日 + 鹿 + 火, a salivating savage deer.

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 暴 暴
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 豪 (89) 屋 (3)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 薄報切 蒲木切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɑuH/ /buk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bɑuH/ /buk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bɑuH/ /buk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bawH/ /bəwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/bɑuH/ /buk̚/
Wang
Li 		/bɑuH/ /buk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱɑuH/ /bʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bào bú
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 暴 暴
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bào pù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bawH › ‹ buwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]ˁawk-s/ /*m-pˁawk/
English violent expose to sun

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 暴 暴
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 330 343
Phonetic
component 		暴 暴
Rime
group 		貌 屋
Rime
subdivision 		3 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		暴 暴
Old
Chinese 		/*boːwɢs/ /*boːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

暴

  1. sudden
  2. violent; cruel; brutal; tyrannical
  3. to show; to expose
  4. to injure
  5. (dated) to abuse; to oppress; to treat cruelly

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 暴

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (暴):
  • → Japanese: 暴(ぼう) (bō)
  • → Korean: 폭 (暴, pok)
  • → Vietnamese: bạo (暴)

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 暴 – see 㿺 (“to stick out; to bulge”).
(This character, 暴, is a variant form of 㿺.)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

暴

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. violent; brutal; fierce

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
暴
ぼう
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bɑuH, “violent”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjectival noun[edit]

暴(ぼう) • (bō) -na (adnominal 暴(ぼう)な (bō na), adverbial 暴(ぼう)に (bō ni))

  1. violent

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of 暴
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 暴だろ ぼうだろ bō daro
Continuative (連用形) 暴で ぼうで bō de
Terminal (終止形) 暴だ ぼうだ bō da
Attributive (連体形) 暴な ぼうな bō na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 暴なら ぼうなら bō nara
Imperative (命令形) 暴であれ ぼうであれ bō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 暴ではない
暴じゃない 		ぼうではない
ぼうじゃない 		bō de wa nai
bō ja nai
Informal past 暴だった ぼうだった bō datta
Informal negative past 暴ではなかった
暴じゃなかった 		ぼうではなかった
ぼうじゃなかった 		bō de wa nakatta
bō ja nakatta
Formal 暴です ぼうです bō desu
Formal negative 暴ではありません
暴じゃありません 		ぼうではありません
ぼうじゃありません 		bō de wa arimasen
bō ja arimasen
Formal past 暴でした ぼうでした bō deshita
Formal negative past 暴ではありませんでした
暴じゃありませんでした 		ぼうではありませんでした
ぼうじゃありませんでした 		bō de wa arimasen deshita
bō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 暴で ぼうで bō de
Conditional 暴なら（ば） ぼうなら（ば） bō nara (ba)
Provisional 暴だったら ぼうだったら bō dattara
Volitional 暴だろう ぼうだろう bō darō
Adverbial 暴に ぼうに bō ni
Degree 暴さ ぼうさ bōsa

Noun[edit]

暴(ぼう) • (bō) 

  1. violentness

References[edit]

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC buk̚, “to expose to the sun”).

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

暴 (eumhun 나타날 폭 (natanal pok))
暴 (eumhun 드러날 폭 (deureonal pok))

  1. (only in compounds) Hanja form? of 폭 (“fierce; violent; brutal”).
  2. (literary Chinese) Hanja form? of 폭 (“to show; to appear; to manifest”).
Usage notes[edit]

The original hanja reading for the sense "fierce; violent; brutal" is 포 (po) based on Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bɑuH). The reading 폭 (pok) for this sense is a 속음 (俗音, sogeum, “unorthodox reading that became widespread”).

Compounds[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bɑuH, “violent”).

Hanja[edit]

暴 (eumhun 사나울 포 (sanaul po))

  1. Hanja form? of 포 (“fierce; violent; brutal”).
Compounds[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 3[edit]

Hanja[edit]

暴 (eumhun 앙상할 박 (angsanghal bak))

  1. (literary Chinese) Hanja form? of 박 (“sparse; bare; thin; skinny”).
Compounds[edit]
Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

暴: Hán Việt readings: bạo (薄(bạc)報(báo)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], bộc (步(bộ)木(mộc)切(thiết))[3][5]
暴: Nôm readings: bạo[1][2][3][4][6], bão[1][2][7], bộc[7][5], bậu[1], bẹo[3]

  1. Hán tự form of bạo (“ferocious; cruel; violent”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hồ (1976).
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