暴

See also: 異

Translingual

Etymology

Historical forms of the character 暴
Oracle bone script	Large seal script	Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意) – originally (in oracle script) the antler of a buck (at bottom), indicating a savage attack. Subsequently significantly simplified and abstracted: in seal script analyzed as 日 + 出 + 廾, while in current form rather 日 + 共 + 水 (similar to unrelated 異); compare bottom component to bottom right of 様.

Han character

暴 (radical 72 日+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日廿金水 (ATCE), four-corner 6013₂, composition ⿳日共氺)

Derived characters

• 爆 曝 襮 鑤

References

• KangXi: page 499, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14137
• Dae Jaweon: page 868, character 35
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1532, character 15
• Unihan data for U+66B4

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		暴

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bào, pù

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ, ㄆㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou⁶, buk⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau
• Min Dong (BUC): bó̤h
• Min Nan (POJ): po̍h / po̍k / pō
• Wu (Wiktionary): bau (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: bào
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
    • Wade-Giles: pao⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
    • IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
    • 
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: pù
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
    • Wade-Giles: p'u⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
    • IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: bou⁶, buk⁶
    • Yale: bouh, buhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou⁶, buk⁹
    • IPA ^(key): /pou̯²²/, /pʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau
    • Hakka Romanization System: pau
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pau⁴
    • IPA: /pʰa̯u⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bó̤h
    • IPA ^(key): /pɔʔ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍h / po̍k / pō
    • Tâi-lô: po̍h / po̍k / pō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poih, pok, poi
    • IPA (Taipei): /poʔ⁴/, /pɔk̚⁴/, /po³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɤʔ¹²¹/, /pɔk̚¹²¹/, /pɤ²²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: bau (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /b̻ɔ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /bɑu^H/, /buk̚/▼

Rime
Character	暴	暴
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	薄報切	蒲木切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɑuH/	/buk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/bɑuH/	/buk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/bɑuH/	/buk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bawH/	/bəwk̚/
Li Rong	/bɑuH/	/buk̚/
Wang Li	/bɑuH/	/buk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱɑuH/	/bʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bào	bú

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[b]ˤawk-s/, /*m-pˤawk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs/, /*boːɡ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	暴	暴
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bào	pù
Middle Chinese	‹ bawH ›	‹ buwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˤawk-s/	/*m-pˤawk/
English	violent	expose to sun
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暴	暴
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	330	343
Phonetic component	暴	暴
Rime group	貌	屋
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	暴	暴
Old Chinese	/*boːwɢs/	/*boːɡ/

Definitions

暴

1. sudden
2. violent, cruel, brutal, tyrannical
3. to show, expose
4. to injure

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Japanese

Kanji

暴

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. violent, brutal, fierce

Readings

• Goon: ぼう (bō), ぼく (boku)
• Kan’on: ほう (hō), ほく (hoku)
• Kan’yōon: ばく (baku)
• Kun: あばく (暴く, abaku), あばれる (暴れる, abareru)

Compounds

Compounds

暴怒 (ぼうど) ‎(bōdo): rage

Kanji in this term
暴
ぼう Grade: 5
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 暴 ‎(baw^H, “violent”).

Pronunciation

• On'yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) ぼ​う [bóꜜò] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [bo̞ː]

Adjectival noun

暴 ‎(-na inflection, hiragana ぼう, romaji bō)

1. violent

Inflection

Inflection of "暴な"

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	暴だろ	ぼうだろ	bō daro
Continuative (連用形)	暴で	ぼうで	bō de
Terminal (終止形)	暴だ	ぼうだ	bō da
Attributive (連体形)	暴な	ぼうな	bō na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	暴なら	ぼうなら	bō nara
Imperative (命令形)	暴であれ	ぼうであれ	bō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	暴ではない 暴じゃない	ぼうではない ぼうじゃない	bō de wa nai bō ja nai
Informal past	暴だった	ぼうだった	bō datta
Informal negative past	暴ではなかった 暴じゃなかった	ぼうではなかった ぼうじゃなかった	bō de wa nakatta bō ja nakatta
Formal	暴です	ぼうです	bō desu
Formal negative	暴ではありません 暴じゃありません	ぼうではありません ぼうじゃありません	bō de wa arimasen bō ja arimasen
Formal past	暴でした	ぼうでした	bō deshita
Formal negative past	暴ではありませんでした 暴じゃありませんでした	ぼうではありませんでした ぼうじゃありませんでした	bō de wa arimasen deshita bō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	暴で	ぼうで	bō de
Conditional	暴なら（ば）	ぼうなら（ば）	bō nara(ba)
Provisional	暴だったら	ぼうだったら	bō dattara
Volitional	暴だろう	ぼうだろう	bō darō
Adverbial	暴に	ぼうに	bō ni
Degree	暴さ	ぼうさ	bōsa

Noun

暴 ‎(hiragana ぼう, romaji bō)

1. violentness

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Korean

Hanja

暴 • ‎(po, pok, bak) (hangeul 포, 폭, 박, McCune-Reischauer p'o, p'ok, pak, Yale pho, phok, pak)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

暴 (bạo, bão, bộc, bẹo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.