雖

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See also: 虽
雖 U+96D6, 雖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96D6
← 雕
[U+96D5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 雗 →
[U+96D7]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

雖 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 口戈人土 (RIOG), four-corner 60114, composition ⿰虽隹)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1368, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42104
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1872, character 39
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4103, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+96D6

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 雖
Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (唯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
匯 *ɢʷrɯːlʔ, *kʰʷriːl
擓 *kʰʷriːl
淮 *ɡʷriːl
睢 *qʰʷel, *sqʰʷil, *qʰʷi, *qʰʷils
嶉 *sqʷi
趡 *skʰʷilʔ
踓 *skʰʷilʔ, *ɢʷilʔ
雖 *sqʰʷi
濉 *sqʰʷi
倠 *qʰʷi
婎 *qʰʷil, *qʰʷils
蓶 *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
維 *ɢʷi
惟 *ɢʷi
唯 *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ
濰 *ɢʷi
琟 *ɢʷil
鷕 *ɢʷiʔ, *ɢʷiʔ
帷 *ɢʷril
鵻 *sɢʷinʔ, *tjul

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sqʰʷi): semantic 虫 + phonetic 唯 (OC *ɢʷi, *ɢʷiʔ).

Originally meaning "a lizard-like reptile", the character has been phonetically borrowed to represent the sense "although".

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 雖
simp. 虽
alternative forms 𨿽
𧈧
𨾡

Jacques (2019) proposes this to be 維 (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”) with a converbial *s- prefix, literally "while being".

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • xu1 - vernacular;
  • sui1 - literary.
  • Cantonese
  • Gan
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 雖
    Mandarin Beijing /suei⁵⁵/
    Harbin /suei²⁴/
    Tianjin /suei⁴⁵/
    Jinan /suei²¹³/
    Qingdao /sue²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /suei²⁴/
    Xi'an /suei²¹/
    Xining /suɨ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /suei⁵³/
    Lanzhou /suei³¹/
    Ürümqi /suei⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /sei⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /ɕy⁵⁵/
    /suei⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /ɕi⁵⁵/
    Kunming /suei⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /suəi³¹/
    Hefei /se²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /suei¹¹/
    Pingyao /suei¹³/
    Hohhot /suei³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /sø⁵³/
    Suzhou /se̞⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /sz̩ʷei³³/
    Wenzhou /sz̩³³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕye⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /se¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /sei³³/
    Xiangtan /səi³³/
    Gan Nanchang /sui⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /sui⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /sui²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /søy⁵³/
    Nanning /ɬui⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /søy⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sui⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰuoi⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sy⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /sui³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /tui²³/
    Rime
    Character 雖
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 脂 (16)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息遺切
    Baxter swij
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/siuɪ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sʷi/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sjuɪ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/swi/
    Li
    Rong         		/sui/
    Wang
    Li         		/swi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/swi/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		suī
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		seoi1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 雖
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		suī
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ swij ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-qʷij/
    English although; even if

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 雖
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12844
    Phonetic
    component         		唯
    Rime
    group         		脂
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		綏
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sqʰʷi/

    Definitions[edit]

    雖

    1. although; even if; despite
      麻雀雖小，五臟俱全 [MSC, trad.]
      麻雀虽小，五脏俱全 [MSC, simp.]
      máquè suī xiǎo, wǔzàng jùquán [Pinyin]
      A sparrow may be small, but it has all its vital organs. (proverb)
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 雖然 (“although”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 雖
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 雖然, 雖則, 雖說
    Mandarin Beijing 雖然
    Taiwan 雖然
    Harbin 雖說
    Luoyang 雖說
    Xi'an 雖說
    Chengdu 雖然, 雖說
    Yangzhou 雖說
    Singapore 雖然
    Cantonese Guangzhou 雖然, 雖則
    Hong Kong 雖然, 雖則
    Taishan 雖然
    Singapore (Guangfu) 雖然
    Gan Nanchang 雖話
    Hakka Meixian 雖然
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 雖然
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 雖然
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 雖然
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 雖然
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 雖然
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 雖然
    Huizhou Jixi 雖則其然
    Min Dong Fuzhou 雖然
    Min Nan Xiamen 雖然, 雖罔, 雖講
    Quanzhou 雖然
    Zhangzhou 雖然, 雖罔
    Tainan 雖然, 雖罔
    Singapore (Hokkien) 雖然
    Manila (Hokkien) 雖然
    Singapore (Teochew) 雖然
    Wu Shanghai 雖然, 雖則
    Shanghai (Chongming) 雖則
    Ningbo 雖則
    Xiang Changsha 雖然得, 雖然得是

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    trad. 雖
    simp. 虽
    alternative forms 𧐌
    𨾡

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 雖
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 脂 (16)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息遺切
    Baxter swij
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/siuɪ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sʷi/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sjuɪ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/swi/
    Li
    Rong         		/sui/
    Wang
    Li         		/swi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/swi/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		suī
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		seoi1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 雖
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12844
    Phonetic
    component         		唯
    Rime
    group         		脂
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		綏
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sqʰʷi/

    Definitions[edit]

    雖

    1. † lizard-like reptile

    Etymology 3[edit]

    trad. 雖
    simp. 虽

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to 推?”)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 雖
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 脂 (16)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息遺切
    Baxter swij
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/siuɪ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sʷi/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sjuɪ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/swi/
    Li
    Rong         		/sui/
    Wang
    Li         		/swi/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/swi/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		suī
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		seoi1

    Definitions[edit]

    雖

    1. ‡ to push

    Etymology 4[edit]

    trad. 雖
    simp. 虽

    From Min Nan 衰 (soe, “unlucky”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    雖

    1. (chiefly Taiwan, slang) Alternative form of 衰 (“unlucky; unimpressive”)
      太雖了！／太虽了！  ―  Tài suī le!  ―  So unlucky! / So boring!

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    雖

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    雖 (eumhun 비록 수 (birok su))

    1. Hanja form? of 수 (“although”).

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    雖 (eumhun 벌레 이름 수 (beolle ireum su))

    1. Hanja form? of 수 (“The name of a bug”).

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    雖 (eumhun 짐승 이름 유 (jimseung ireum yu))

    1. Hanja form? of 유 (“The name of a beast”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    雖: Hán Nôm readings: tuy

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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