衰

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
衰 U+8870, 衰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8870
← 衯
[U+886F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 衱 →
[U+8871]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

衰 (radical 145, 衣+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜田一女 (YWMV), four-corner 00732, composition ⿳亠⏛𧘇)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1112, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34127
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1577, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3076, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8870

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 衰
alternative forms 𠆏
𠆂
𠱗

Etymology 1[edit]

Compare Khmer រៀវ (riəw, “to diminish; to decrease”), Mizo zuai (“to decline (in diligence, enthusiasm, industry, etc.)”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 衰
Mandarin Beijing /ʂuai⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂuai⁴⁴/
/suai⁴⁴/
Tianjin /suai²¹/
Jinan /ʂuɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂuɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂuai²⁴/
Xi'an /fai²¹/
Xining /fɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂuɛ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /fɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /ʂuai⁴⁴/
/fai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /suai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /suai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /suai⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʂuæ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʂuae³¹/
Hefei /ʂue̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /suai¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuæ¹³/
/suæ¹³/
Hohhot /suɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /se⁵³/
Suzhou /se̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /se̞³³/
Wenzhou /sai³³/
Hui Shexian /sɛ³¹/
Tunxi /so¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕyai³³/
Xiangtan /sai³³/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /soi⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /soi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /søy⁵³/
Nanning /sui⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /søy⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sue⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /søy⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /so⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /sue³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /suai²³/
/sɔi²³/ ～弱
/sue²³/ 倒霉
Rime
Character 衰
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 脂 (18)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 所追切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠiuɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃʷᵚi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃiuɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂjwi/
Li
Rong 		/ʃjui/
Wang
Li 		/ʃwi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʂwi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shuāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		seoi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 衰
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shuāi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ srwij ›
Old
Chinese 		/*sruj/
English diminish, decline

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 衰
Reading # 2/2
No. 11927
Phonetic
component 		衰
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		衰
Old
Chinese 		/*srul/

Definitions[edit]

衰

  1. to grow weak; to decrease in strength; to decline
  2. (Min Nan, Taiwanese Hakka) to have bad luck
  3. (Cantonese, Hakka) bad; detestable; awful
    咁衰㗎！ [Cantonese]  ―  gam3 seoi1 gaa4! [Jyutping]  ―  That's awful!
    咁衰都有！ [Cantonese]  ―  gam3 seoi1 dou1 jau5! [Jyutping]  ―  how can it be this awful!
    做衰嘢 [Cantonese]  ―  zou6 seoi1 je5 [Jyutping]  ―  to do bad things
    衰人 [Cantonese]  ―  seoi1 jan4 [Jyutping]  ―  bad person
    衰婆 [Cantonese]  ―  seoi1 po4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  bitch
  4. (Cantonese) to make a grave mistake
    我衰咗啦！ [Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 seoi1 zo2 laa1! [Jyutping]  ―  I've made a mistake!
    我衰咗三年，我等緊個機會，爭返口氣。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我衰咗三年，我等紧个机会，争返口气。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    From: 1986, 《英雄本色》 (“A Better Tomorrow”)
    ngo5 seoi1 zo2 saam1 nin4, ngo5 dang2 gan2 go3 gei1 wui5, caang1 faan1 hau2 hei3. [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this example)
  5. (Cantonese) to do (wrongdoing)
    你衰咩呀？ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 seoi1 me1 aa3? [Jyutping]  ―  what did you do wrongly?
    我衰邊範啫？ / 我衰边范啫？ [Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 seoi1 bin1 faan6 ze1? [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
Synonyms[edit]
  • (to have bad luck): 倒霉 (dǎoméi)
Dialectal synonyms of 壞 (“bad; not good”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 壞
Mandarin Beijing 壞, 賴
Taiwan 壞
Jinan 壞, 孬, 賴
Xi'an 瞎, 壞
Wuhan 壞, 拐
Chengdu 壞
Yangzhou 壞
Hefei 壞
Malaysia 壞
Singapore 壞
Cantonese Guangzhou 壞, 弊, 衰
Hong Kong 壞, 衰
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 衰
Yangjiang 壞
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 衰
Singapore (Guangfu) 衰
Gan Nanchang 壞
Hakka Meixian 壞
Wuhua (Meilin) 衰
Jin Taiyuan 賴, 壞
Min Bei Jian'ou 壞, 獰
Min Dong Fuzhou 呆, 否
Min Nan Xiamen 歹, 䆀
Xiamen (Tong'an) 歹
Quanzhou 歹
Jinjiang 歹
Nan'an 歹
Shishi 歹
Zhangzhou 䆀
Zhao'an 䆀, 孬
Tainan 歹
Penang (Hokkien) 䆀, 歹
Singapore (Hokkien) 歹
Manila (Hokkien) 歹
Datian 歹
Chaozhou 孬
Shantou 孬
Jieyang 孬, 歹
Singapore (Teochew) 歹, 孬
Wenchang 㾀
Haikou 㾀
Singapore (Hainanese) 㾀
Wu Shanghai 壞, 恘
Suzhou 壞, 恘
Ningbo 歪, 推扳, 嘸做
Wenzhou 毛
Xiang Changsha 壞, 拐
Shuangfeng 壞, 拐
Antonyms[edit]
  • (Cantonese: disagreeable): 好 (hou2)
See also[edit]
  • (Cantonese: disagreeable): 曳 (jai5), 惡／恶 (ok3)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 衰

Descendants[edit]

  • → English: suay
  • → Indonesian: soe
  • → Thai: ซวย (suai)

Etymology 2[edit]

Schuessler (2007) reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *k-sroi, treating it as 衰 (OC *srui) (etymology 1) with the initial *k.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 衰
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 支 (14)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 楚危切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃʰˠiuᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂʰʷᵚiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃʰiuɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂʰjwiə̆/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃʰjue/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃʰǐwe/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂʰwie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chuāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ceoi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 衰
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cuī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsrhjwe ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[tsʰ]roj/
English reduce

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 衰
Reading # 1/2
No. 11926
Phonetic
component 		衰
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		衰
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰrol/

Definitions[edit]

衰

  1. † to reduce; to decrease in order

Etymology 3[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 衰
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 支 (14)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 楚危切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃʰˠiuᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂʰʷᵚiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃʰiuɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂʰjwiə̆/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃʰjue/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃʰǐwe/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂʰwie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chuāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ceoi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 衰
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cuī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshwoj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s.r̥]ˁruj/
English mourning clothes

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 衰
Reading # 1/2
No. 11926
Phonetic
component 		衰
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		衰
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰrol/

Definitions[edit]

衰

  1. Alternative form of 縗／缞 (cuī, “a type of mourning garment made of sackcloth”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

衰

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

衰 • (soe, choe, sa) (hangeul 쇠, 최, 사, revised soe, choe, sa, McCune–Reischauer soe, ch'oe, sa, Yale soy, choy, sa)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

衰: Hán Nôm readings: suy, thôi, thoai

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=衰&oldid=64686109"