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否

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 咅, 杏, 좀, and 춤
否 U+5426, 否
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5426
← 吥
[U+5425] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吧 →
[U+5427]

Translingual

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Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character

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否 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一火口 (MFR), four-corner 10609, composition ⿱不口)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 178, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3340
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 586, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5426

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 否
alternative forms 不 “no; not”
𠲎 Northern Wu
𠳝 Northern Wu

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 否
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (不) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
肧 *pʰlɯː, *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː
俖 *pʰɯːʔ
娝 *prɯʔ
痞 *prɯʔ, *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ
丕 *pʰrɯ
伾 *pʰrɯ
秠 *pʰrɯ, *pʰrɯʔ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ
駓 *pʰrɯ
怌 *pʰrɯ
豾 *pʰrɯ
髬 *pʰrɯ
魾 *pʰrɯ, *brɯ
鉟 *pʰrɯ, *brɯ
嚭 *pʰrɯʔ
邳 *brɯ
岯 *brɯ
否 *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ
抔 *bɯ, *pʰlɯː
不 *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ'
紑 *pɯ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ
鴀 *pɯ, *pɯʔ
衃 *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː
罘 *bɯ
芣 *bɯ
杯 *plɯː
盃 *plɯː
桮 *pɯː
坯 *pʰɯː
胚 *pʰɯː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ): phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). Similar to 咅.

Etymology 1

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See etymology of 不.

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 否
Mandarin Beijing /fou²¹⁴/
Harbin /fau²¹³/
/fou²¹³/
Tianjin /fou¹³/
Jinan /fɔ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /fɔ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /fu⁵³/
Xi'an /fu⁵³/
Xining /fv̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /fu⁵³/
Lanzhou /fu⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /fu⁵¹/
Wuhan /fəu⁴²/
Chengdu /fo⁵³/
/fəu⁵³/
Guiyang /fu⁴²/
Kunming /fəu⁵³/
Nanjing /fəi²¹²/
Hefei /fʊ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /fu⁵³/
Pingyao
Hohhot /fu⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /fɤ³⁵/
Suzhou /fɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /fei⁵³/
Wenzhou /fɜ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /fo³⁵/
Tunxi /fo³¹/
Xiang Changsha /xəu⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɸəɯ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /fɛu²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /feu³¹/
Taoyuan /feu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐu³⁵/
Nanning /fɐu³⁵/
Hong Kong /fɐu³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hɔ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pʰeu³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pʰe²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /hõu⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fɔu²¹³/
Rime
Character 否
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方久切
Baxter pjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puwX/
Li
Rong 		/piuX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 否
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pəʔ/
English not

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 否
Reading # 2/2
No. 1028
Phonetic
component 		不
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		缶
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯʔ/

Definitions

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否

  1. nay; no; negative
  2. not
  3. final interrogative particle
Usage notes
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In Classical Chinese, 否 is the form taken by 不 when the verb which it negates is omitted (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 104).

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 否
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 符鄙切
Baxter bijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bˠiɪX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bjiX/
Li
Rong 		/bjiX/
Wang
Li 		/biX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bei6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 否
Reading # 1/2
No. 1022
Phonetic
component 		不
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		否
Old
Chinese 		/*brɯʔ/

Definitions

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否

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to block; to obstruct
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to denounce; to censure
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to become extinct
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) poverty-stricken; poor
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) evil; vile
  6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 鄙 (bǐ, “superficial; shallow”)
  7. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 痞 (pǐ, “lump in the abdomen”)
  8. 12th hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 否 – see 歹 (“(Hokkien, Teochew) bad; wicked; evil”).
(This character is a variant form of 歹).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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否

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. no
  2. negate

Readings

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  • Go-on: び (bi)、ふ (fu)
  • Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)、ふう (fū)
  • Kun: いな (ina)、いなむ (inamu, 否む)、いや (iya)、あらず (arazu)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
否
いな
Grade: 6
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 否 – see the following entry.
【いな】
[interjection] no
[noun] nay, no
[noun] (uncommon, perhaps archaic) a river snail
(This term, 否, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
否
ひ
Grade: 6
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 否 (MC bijX). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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否(ひ) • (hi) 

  1. no

Korean

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Hanja

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否 (eumhun 아닐 부 (anil bu))

  1. hanja form? of 부 (“not, no, negative”)

否 (eumhun 막힐 비 (makhil bi))

  1. hanja form? of 비 (“obstruct, block”)

Tày

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Adverb

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否 (bấu)

  1. Nôm form of bấu (“not; not at all”).
    斉福否欣坪
    Te̱ phúc bấu hăn phắng
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

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  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[2] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

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Han character

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否: Hán Nôm readings: bĩ, phủ, phầu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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References

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  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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