還

See also: 还

§Translingual

§Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 睘

§Han character

還 (radical 162 辵+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜田中女 (YWLV), four-corner 3630₃, composition ⿺辶睘)

1. still, yet, also, besides
2. to return
3. a surname

§References

• KangXi: page 1266, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39174
• Dae Jaweon: page 1764, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3888, character 2
• Unihan data for U+9084

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§Chinese

		-
trad.		還
simp.		还

§Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hái, huán (hai², huan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˊ, ㄏㄨㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁴
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): fân, hân, vân
• Min Nan (POJ): hêng / hoān / hoân

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: hái
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˊ
    • Wade-Giles: hai²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hair
    • IPA ^(key): /xaɪ̯³⁵/

    • (file)

      
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: huán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
    • Wade-Giles: huan²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
    • IPA ^(key): /xu̯a̠n³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: waan⁴
    • Yale: wàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /wɑːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fân, hân, vân
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fan2, han2, van2
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng / hoān / hoân
    • Tâi-lô: hîng / hoān / hoân
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɪŋ²³/, /huan³³/, /huan²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɪŋ¹³/, /huan²²/, /huan¹³/
  • Note: hêng, hoān - vernacular, hoân - literary.

Middle Chinese pronunciation (還, reconstructed)
Character (還), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 匣 (33) Final: 刪 Division: II			Openness: Closed Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 戸關切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɦɣuan/	/ɣwan/	/ɣuan/	/ɦʷɯan/	/ɦwaɨn/	/ɣwan/	/ɣuɐn/
Character (還), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 邪 (17) Final: 仙 Division: III			Openness: Closed Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 似宣切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ziuᴇn/	/zi̯wɛn/	/ziuɛn/	/zʷiɛn/	/zwian/	/zĭwɛn/	/zjuæn/

Old Chinese pronunciation (還, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
還								huán								‹ hwæn ›								/*[ɢ]ʷˤ<r>en/								turn around; return
還								xuán								‹ zjwen ›								/*s-ɢʷen/								turn around, return; agile
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
還					16230					睘					元					1					還					/*ɡʷraːn/
還					16244					睘					元					1					旋					/*sɢʷan/

§Adverb

還

1. (Beginning Mandarin) still; yet
2. (Beginning Mandarin) even more
3. (Beginning Mandarin) passably

§Pronunciation

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: huán
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˊ
    • Wade-Giles: huan²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwan
    • IPA ^(key): /xu̯a̠n³⁵/

    • (file)

§Verb

還

1. ​ (Beginning Mandarin) to return; to go (or come) back
2. (Beginning Mandarin) to return; to repay

§References

• (Hakka) Academia Sinica - Hakka-English Dictionary
• (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.
• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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§Japanese

§Kanji

還

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

§Readings

• Goon: げん (gen), ぜん (zen)
• Kan’on: かん (kan), せん (sen)
• Kan’yōon: かん (kan)
• Kun: かえる (kaeru), また (mata), めぐる (meguru)

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§Korean

§Hanja

還 (hwan, seon) (hangeul 환, 선, revised hwan, seon, McCune-Reischauer hwan, sŏn, Yale hwan, sen)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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§Vietnamese

§Han character

還 (hoàn)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.