恁
See also: 㤛
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]恁 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 人土心 (OGP), four-corner 22331, composition ⿱任心)
Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 383, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10518
- Dae Jaweon: page 713, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2291, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6041
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 恁 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯm, *njɯmʔ): phonetic 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
Etymology 1
[edit]| trad. | 恁 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 恁 | |
| alternative forms | 㤛 𢗖 | |
- “to think”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njam (“to think”). Cognate with 念 (OC *nɯːms, “to think”). See there for more.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
- Wade–Giles: jên4
- Yale: rèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
- Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jam6
- Yale: yahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: jam6
- Guangdong Romanization: yem6
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐm²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
- Tâi-lô: līm
- Phofsit Daibuun: lim
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lim³³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
- Tâi-lô: jīm
- Phofsit Daibuun: jim
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /zim³³/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Middle Chinese: nyim, nyimX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*n[ə]mʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*njɯm/, /*njɯmʔ/
Definitions
[edit]恁
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to think of; to reminisce
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to allow
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) honest
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) weak
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| trad. | 恁 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 恁 | |
| alternative forms | 按 Hakka 咹 Hakka | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nèn
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nèn
- Wade–Giles: nên4
- Yale: nèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nenn
- Palladius: нэнь (nɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
- Wade–Giles: jên4
- Yale: rèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
- Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jam6 / jam5
- Yale: yahm / yáhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: jam6 / jam5
- Guangdong Romanization: yem6 / yem5
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐm²²/, /jɐm¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- jam6 - original reading;
- jam5 - vernacular reading.
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: rim2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jím
- Sinological IPA (key): /d͡zim⁵²/
- (Teochew)
Definitions
[edit]恁
- (literary or dialectal) so
- (literary or dialectal) this; that
- (literary or dialectal) how
- (literary or dialectal) what
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]| trad. | 恁 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 恁 | |
| alternative forms | 按 Hakka 咹 Hakka | |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: án
- Hakka Romanization System: anˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: an3
- Sinological IPA: /an³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: anˇ / anˊ / anˋ / an
- Sinological IPA: /an¹¹/, /an²⁴/, /an⁵³/, /an⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Definitions
[edit]恁
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]| trad. | 恁 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 恁 | |
| alternative forms | 您 | |
Allegedly a contraction of 汝儂／汝侬 (lí-nâng, “you people”). See 儂 (“person; pronoun suffix”) for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Puxian Min (Xianyou, Pouseng Ping'ing): dyoeng3
- Southern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dyoeng3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tyøŋ³³²/
- (Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Yongchun, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lín
- Tâi-lô: lín
- Phofsit Daibuun: lien
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lin⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /lin⁵⁵⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Taipei): /lin⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Klang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lérn
- Tâi-lô: lérn
- Sinological IPA (Klang): /lən⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Yongchun, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
Note: Early Manila Hokkien (obsolete) - lún.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ning2 / neng2 / nêng2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: níng / nṳ́ng / néng
- Sinological IPA (key): /niŋ⁵²/, /nɯŋ⁵²/, /neŋ⁵²/
- (Teochew)
Note:
- ning2 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- neng2 - Shantou, Chenghai;
- nêng2 - Jieyang.
Definitions
[edit]恁
- (dialectal) you (singular)
- (Southern Min) you (plural)
- 恁食飽未？／恁食饱未？ [Hokkien] ― Lín chia̍h-pá--bōe? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― Have y'all eaten?
- (Southern Min) your (singular or plural)
Synonyms
[edit]See also
[edit]| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | exclusive | 我 | 阮, 我儂 / 我侬 |
| inclusive | 咱, 咱儂 / 咱侬 | ||
| 2nd person | 你 | 恁, 汝儂 / 汝侬, 恁儂 / 恁侬 | |
| 3rd person | 伊 | 伊儂 / 伊侬 | |
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 恁 – see 您 (“(Mandarin, polite form) you”). (This character is a variant form of 您). |
Etymology 5
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 恁 – see 飪 (“to cook thoroughly”). (This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as an ancient form of 飪). |
Etymology 6
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 恁 – see 諗 (“(Cantonese) to think; to consider”). (This character is a variant form of 諗). |
References
[edit]- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B01102
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01365-003
- “恁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- (Cantonese) 粵音資料集叢
- (Cantonese) 《漢語方言大詞典》 (中華書局, 1999), Page 4948
- “恁”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]恁
- thus; so; in this way
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]恁 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im, Yale im)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]恁: Hán Nôm readings: nhắm, nhẩm, nhậm, nhẫm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
References
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading このような
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