林

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林 U+6797, 林
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6797
← 枖
[U+6796] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 枘 →
[U+6798]
林 U+F9F4, 林
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F4
← 麟
[U+F9F3] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 淋 →
[U+F9F5]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

林 (radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木木 (DD), four-corner 44990, composition ⿰木木)

Derived characters[edit]

  • 菻
  • 歴 (in Japanese shinjitai)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 516, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14551
  • Dae Jaweon: page 903, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1164, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6797

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 林

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 林
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
林-oracle.svg 林-bronze.svg 林-seal.svg 林-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (林) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
婪 *ɡ·ruːm
惏 *ɡ·ruːm
啉 *ɡ·ruːm
漤 *ɡ·ruːmʔ
醂 *ɡ·ruːmʔ
林 *ɡ·rɯm
琳 *ɡ·rɯm
淋 *ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms
痳 *ɡ·rɯm
箖 *ɡ·rɯm
霖 *ɡ·rɯm
菻 *ɡ·rɯmʔ, *ɡ·rɯms
罧 *slɯmʔ, *srɯms
棽 *r̥ʰɯm, *srɯm
綝 *r̥ʰɯm
郴 *r̥ʰɯm
禁 *krɯm, *krɯms
襟 *krɯm
僸 *krɯms, *ŋɡrɯmʔ
澿 *ɡrɯm
噤 *ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms
凚 *ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms
齽 *ɡrɯms

Duplication of 木 (“tree”) to give the idea of multiple trees (compare 森), thus a forest.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • nâ - vernacular;
  • lîm - literary (surname).
Note:
  • na5 - vernacular;
  • lim5 - literary (surname).
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 林
Mandarin Beijing /lin³⁵/
Harbin /lin²⁴/
Tianjin /lin⁴⁵/
Jinan /liẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /liə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lin⁴²/
Xi'an /liẽ²⁴/
Xining /liə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /liŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lĩn⁵³/
Ürümqi /liŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nin²¹³/
Chengdu /nin³¹/
Guiyang /nin²¹/
Kunming /lĩ¹/
Nanjing /lin²⁴/
Hefei /lin⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /liəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /liŋ¹³/
Hohhot /lĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /liŋ²³/
Suzhou /lin¹³/
Hangzhou /lin²¹³/
Wenzhou /leŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /liʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lin¹³/
Xiangtan /nin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lin⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /lim¹¹/
Taoyuan /lim¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lɐm²¹/
Nanning /lɐm²¹/
Hong Kong /lɐm²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lim³⁵/
/na³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /liŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /leiŋ³³/
/laŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /lim⁵⁵/
/nã⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /lim³¹/
Rime
Character 林
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力尋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/liɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ljem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lim/
Li
Rong 		/liəm/
Wang
Li 		/lĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lín
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 林
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]əm/
English forest

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 林
Reading # 1/1
No. 8165
Phonetic
component 		林
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		林
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡ·rɯm/

Definitions[edit]

林

  1. forest; grove; woods
  2. A surname​, commonly romanized as Lin, Lim, and Lam

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 林

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (林):
  • → Japanese: 林 (りん) (rin)
  • → Korean: 림 (林, rim); 임 (林, im)
  • → Vietnamese: lâm (林)

Others:

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

林

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. woods; grove; forest; copse

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Noun[edit]

林 (hiragana はやし, rōmaji hayashi)

  1. woods

Synonyms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

林 (hiragana はやし, rōmaji Hayashi)

  1. A surname​.
  2. A female given name

Proper noun[edit]

林 (hiragana りん, rōmaji Rin)

  1. A surname​.
  2. (rare) A female given name

Usage notes[edit]

As a surname, this reading is more often used by people of Chinese ancestry, since it is similar to the Mandarin Chinese reading of Lín.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

林 • (rim>im)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 림>임 (revised: rim>im, McCune–Reischauer: rim>im, Yale: lim>im)
    • Name (hangeul): 수풀 (revised: supul, McCune–Reischauer: supul, Yale: swuphwul)
  1. forest

Compounds[edit]


Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

林 (lâm)

  1. Forest
  2. Gathering
  3. Dense

林 (Lâm)

  1. A surname

References[edit]

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