林

Translingual

Stroke order

Etymology

木 (wood) is repeated twice to give the idea of multiple trees (compare 森, 𣓏, 𣛧, 𣡕, 𣡽), thus a forest.

Han character

林 (radical 75 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木木 (DD), four-corner 4499₀, composition ⿰木木)

Derived characters

• 菻
• 歴 (in Japanese shinjitai)

References

• KangXi: page 516, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14551
• Dae Jaweon: page 903, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1164, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6797

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		林

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lín (lin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lìm
• Min Nan (POJ): nâ / lîm

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: lín
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˊ
    • Wade-Giles: lin²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lin
    • IPA ^(key): /lin³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lam⁴
    • Yale: làhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /lɐm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìm
    • Hakka Romanization System: limˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lim²
    • IPA: /lim¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nâ / lîm
    • Tâi-lô: nâ / lîm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: naa, liim
    • IPA (Taipei): /na²⁴/, /lim²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /na¹³/, /lim¹³/
    • Note: nâ - vernacular, lîm - literary.

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 林
Mandarin	Beijing	/lin³⁵/
	Harbin	/lin²⁴/
	Tianjin	/lin⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/liẽ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/liə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lin⁴²/
	Xi'an	/liẽ²⁴/
	Xining	/liə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/liŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/lĩn⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/liŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nin²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nin³¹/
	Guiyang	/nin²¹/
	Kunming	/lĩ¹/
	Nanjing	/lin²⁴/
	Hefei	/lin⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/liŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/lĩŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/liŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/lin¹³/
	Hangzhou	/lin²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/leŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/liʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/lin⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/lin¹³/
	Xiangtan	/nin¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/lin⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lim¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/lim¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lɐm²¹/
	Nanning	/lɐm²¹/
	Hong Kong	/lɐm²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lim³⁵/ /na³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/liŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/leiŋ³³/ /laŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/lim⁵⁵/ /nã⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lim³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /liɪm/▼

Rime
Character	林
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力尋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/lim/
Shao Rongfen	/ljem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lim/
Li Rong	/liəm/
Wang Li	/lĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lín

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[r]əm/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·rɯm/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	林
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lín
Middle Chinese	‹ lim ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]əm/
English	forest
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	林
Reading #	1/1
No.	8165
Phonetic component	林
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	林
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·rɯm/

Definitions

林

1. forest, grove, woods
2. A surname​.

Compounds

Terms derived from 林

• 吉林 (Jílín, “Jilin”)
• 少林 (Shàolín, “Shaolin”)
• 御林軍／御林军 (yùlínjūn, “the troops responsible for protecting the capital or the emperor”)
• 林場／林场 (línchǎng, “forestry center; tree farm”)

• 林林總總／林林总总 (lín lín zǒng zǒng, “numerous; in great abundance”)
• 林業／林业 (línyè, “forestry”)
• 林檎 (línqín)
• 森林 (sēnlín, “forest”)

• 樹林／树林 (shùlín, “forest; woods”)
• 盤尼西林／盘尼西林 (pánníxīlín, “penicillin”)
• 雨林 (yǔlín, “rainforest”)

Descendants

• Tagalog: Lim

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Japanese

Kanji

林

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. woods; grove; forest; copse

Readings

• Goon: りん (rin)
• Kan’on: りん (rin)
• Kun: はやし (hayashi)

Compounds

Compounds

林檎 (りんご) ‎(ringo): apple (fruit, tree)

Noun

林 ‎(hiragana はやし, romaji hayashi)

1. woods

Synonyms

• 森 (もり) ‎(mori)

Proper noun

林 ‎(hiragana はやし, romaji Hayashi)

1. A surname​.
2. A female given name

Proper noun

林 ‎(hiragana りん, romaji Rin)

1. A surname​.
2. (rare) A female given name

Usage notes

As a surname, this reading is more often used by people of Chinese ancestry, since it is similar to the Mandarin Chinese reading of Lín.

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Korean

Hanja

林 • ‎(rim, im)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 림, 임 (revised: rim, im, McCune-Reischauer: rim, im, Yale: lim, im)

• Name (hangeul): 수풀()

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

林 (lâm)

1. Forest
2. Gathering
3. Dense

References

• Hán Việt Tự Điển Thiều Chửu v. 3.0, http://vietnamtudien.org/thieuchuu, http://vietnamtudien.org/thieuchuu/&h75.htm#26519