森
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]森 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木木木 (DDD), four-corner 40994, composition ⿱木林)
Derived characters
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 534, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14974
- Dae Jaweon: page 922, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1226, character 2
- Unihan data for U+68EE
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 森 | |
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simp. # | 森 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 森 | |
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Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : Triplication of 木 (“tree”), to suggest a large number (compare 三) of trees such as one would find in a forest. Compare 林 (*ɡ·rɯm).
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ram (“jungle; forest; country; field”) (STEDT). Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be an intensive derivation of 林 (*ɡ·rɯm, “forest”), perhaps influenced by parallels in Austroasiatic, such as Old Khmer sarāma, sarāṃ (“a tract of stunted vegetation”), derived from rām (“inundated forest along a watercourse”). Alternatively, Mei (2012) suggests that the prefix *s- has a denominative function.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sen1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сын (sɨn, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): sen1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): seng1
- Northern Min (KCR): sáing
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĕng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1sen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sen1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sen
- Wade–Giles: sên1
- Yale: sēn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sen
- Palladius: сэнь (sɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sən⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shen
- Wade–Giles: shên1
- Yale: shēn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
- Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: sen1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sen
- Sinological IPA (key): /sən⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сын (sɨn, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /səŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sam1
- Yale: sām
- Cantonese Pinyin: sam1
- Guangdong Romanization: sem1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐm⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: sem1 / sem3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sem³³/, /sem²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: sen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sêm
- Hakka Romanization System: semˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sem1
- Sinological IPA: /sem²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sə̃ŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sáing
- Sinological IPA (key): /saiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sim
- Tâi-lô: sim
- Phofsit Daibuun: sym
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Kinmen): /sim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Lukang, Klang)
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sem
- Tâi-lô: sem
- Phofsit Daibuun: sefm
- IPA (Hui'an): /sem³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Taichung, Sanxia, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: som
- Tâi-lô: som
- Phofsit Daibuun: sofm
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /sɔm⁴⁴/
- IPA (Zhangpu): /sɔm⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: siam1 / sim1 / siang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siam / sim / siang
- Sinological IPA (key): /siam³³/, /sim³³/, /siaŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
- siam1 - Shantou, Chaozhou;
- sim1 - Jieyang;
- siang1 - Chenghai.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 森 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /sən⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʂən⁴⁴/ /sən⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /sən²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ʂẽ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ʂə̃²¹²³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʂən²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /sẽ²¹/ | |
Xining | /sə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /səŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʂə̃n³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /sɤŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /sen⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /sə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /sən³¹/ | |
Hefei | /sən²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /səŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /səŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /sə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /səŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /sen³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /saŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /sʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /san¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /sən³³/ |
Xiangtan | /sən³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /sɛn⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /sem⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /sem²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐm⁵³/ |
Nanning | /sɐm⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /sɐm⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sim⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɛiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /saiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /siam³³/ /sim³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sim²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: srim
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.rəm/
- (Zhengzhang): /*srɯm/
Definitions
[edit]森
- full of trees; densely forested
- in profusion; multitudinous; dense
- dark; gloomy; cold
- orderly
- strict; rigid; rigorous
- An orthographic borrowing of the Japanese surname 森, Mori
- (~町):
- (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 森美蘭/森美兰 (Sēnměilán, “Negeri Sembilan”).
Compounds
[edit]- 亞松森/亚松森 (Yàsōngsēn)
- 冷森森
- 劍戟森森/剑戟森森
- 壁壘森嚴/壁垒森严 (bìlěisēnyán)
- 寒森森
- 布倫森/布伦森
- 林森 (Línsēn)
- 柏格森
- 森冷
- 森嚴/森严 (sēnyán)
- 森岑
- 森巴 (sēnbā)
- 森林 (sēnlín)
- 森林學/森林学
- 森林法
- 森林浴 (sēnlínyù)
- 森森 (sēnsēn)
- 森然 (sēnrán)
- 森羅殿/森罗殿
- 森羅萬象/森罗万象 (sēnluó-wànxiàng)
- 森美蘭/森美兰 (Sēnměilán)
- 森蚺 (sēnrán)
- 森豎/森竖
- 森鬱/森郁
- 毛骨森然
- 毛骨森竦
- 毛髮森豎/毛发森竖
- 海森堡 (Hǎisēnbǎo)
- 涼森森/凉森森
- 班強森/班强森
- 白森森 (báisēnsēn)
- 盧森堡/卢森堡 (Lúsēnbǎo)
- 萬象森羅/万象森罗
- 艾森豪 (Àisēnháo)
- 葉斯沛森/叶斯沛森
- 蕭森/萧森
- 號令森嚴/号令森严
- 詹森
- 警備森嚴/警备森严
- 門禁森嚴/门禁森严
- 陰森/阴森 (yīnsēn)
- 陰森森/阴森森
- 麻森 (másēn)
- 黃森森/黄森森
- 黑森林 (Hēi Sēnlín)
References
[edit]- “森”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Kun: もり (mori, 森, Jōyō)
- Nanori: しげ (shige); しげる (shigeru)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
森 |
もり Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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杜 |
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).[1]
Probably cognate with 盛り (mori, “heap, pile”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 盛る (moru, “to heap up, to build up into a significant amount”), from the way a forest can look like a heap or mound from a distance.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a forest (dense collection of trees)
- Synonym: 森林 (shinrin)
- 1999 July 22, “トレント [Trent]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
- まだまだ成長し続けている森の大木。森の守り神。
- Madamada seichōshitsuzuketeiru mori no taiboku. Mori no mamori kami.
- A growing forest tree. He is the guardian god of the woods.
- まだまだ成長し続けている森の大木。森の守り神。
- a shrine grove
Derived terms
[edit]- 森青蛙 (mori aogaeru)
- 森薊 (mori-azami)
- 森ガール (mori-gāru)
- 森陰 (morikage)
- 森神 (morigami)
- 森川 (Morikawa)
- 森下 (Morishita)
- 森島 (Morishima)
- 森嶋 (Morishima)
- 森田 (Morita)
- 森派 (Mori-ha)
- 森番 (moriban)
- 森本 (Morimoto)
- 森嫁 (mori yome, “forest nymph”)
- 青森 (Aomori, “Aomori Prefecture”, literally "green forest")
- 雨森 (Amenomori)
- 生田の森 (Ikuta no Mori)
- 池子の森 (Ikego no Mori)
- 稲森草 (inamorisō)
- 岩瀬の森 (Iwase no Mori)
- 磐手の森 (Iwade no Mori)
- 浮田の森 (Ukita no Mori)
- 老蘇森, 老曽森 (Oiso no Mori)
- 大森 (Ōmori)
- 笠森 (Kasamori)
- 金森 (Kanamori)
- 気色の森 (Keshiki no mori)
- 小森 (Komori)
- 笹森 (Sasamori)
- 重森 (Shigemori)
- 信太の森 (Shinoda no mori)
- 杉森 (Sugimori)
- 鈴ヶ森 (Suzugamori)
- 高森 (Takamori)
- 糺の森, 糺ノ森, 糾ノ森 (Tadasu no Mori)
- 鎮守の森 (chinju no Mori)
- 成らずの森 (narazu no Mori)
- 羽束師の森 (Hatsukashi no Mori)
- 花森 (Hanamori)
- 柞の森 (hahaso no mori)
- 藤森 (Fujimori)
- 丸森 (Marumori)
- 明治の森 (Meiji no Mori)
- 万木の森 (Yurugi no Mori)
Proverbs
[edit]- 木を見て森を見ず (ki o mite mori o mizu, “to not see the wood for the trees”)
See also
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ , text here
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]森: Hán Việt readings: sâm, sum
森: Nôm readings: chùm, dâm, dúm, râm, sâm, sum, xum
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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References
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