娘
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
娘 (radical 38 女+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女戈日女 (VIAV), four-corner 43432, composition ⿰女良)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 262, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6304
- Dae Jaweon: page 529, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1054, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5A18
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 娘/孃 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 娘 | |
| 孃: “mother” | ||
Glyph origin[edit]
| Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 剆 | *raːl, *raːlʔ |
| 郎 | *raːŋ |
| 稂 | *raːŋ |
| 桹 | *raːŋ |
| 鋃 | *raːŋ |
| 硠 | *raːŋ |
| 浪 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 蜋 | *raːŋ, *raŋ |
| 琅 | *raːŋ |
| 狼 | *raːŋ |
| 欴 | *raːŋ |
| 踉 | *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs |
| 莨 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 艆 | *raːŋ |
| 駺 | *raːŋ |
| 躴 | *raːŋ |
| 筤 | *raːŋ |
| 閬 | *raːŋ, *raːŋs |
| 哴 | *raːŋ, *raŋs |
| 蓈 | *raːŋ |
| 廊 | *raːŋ |
| 榔 | *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ |
| 螂 | *raːŋ |
| 瑯 | *raːŋ |
| 朗 | *raːŋʔ |
| 朖 | *raːŋʔ |
| 誏 | *raːŋʔ |
| 俍 | *raːŋʔ |
| 崀 | *raːŋʔ |
| 埌 | *raːŋs |
| 蒗 | *raːŋs |
| 娘 | *naŋ |
| 良 | *raŋ |
| 粮 | *raŋ |
| 悢 | *raŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *naŋ): semantic 女 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).
Etymology[edit]
This syllable was not attested in pre-Tang texts. It may ultimately have been a fusion of 女郎 (MC ɳɨʌX lɑŋ, “lady”) (Coblin, 1994: 389).
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): noeng4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiòng
- Min Dong (BUC): niòng
- Min Nan (POJ): liông / liâng / niû / niô͘ / niâ
- Wu (Wiktionary): nyian (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄤˊ
- Wade-Giles: niang2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niang
- IPA (key): /ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: noeng4
- Yale: nèuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: noeng4
- Guangdong Romanization: nêng4
- IPA (key): /nœːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiòng
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiong2
- IPA: /ɲi̯oŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: niòng
- IPA (key): /nˡuoŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
- Tâi-lô: liông
- Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
- Tâi-lô: liâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niô͘
- Tâi-lô: niôo
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /niɔ̃¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
Note:
- liông/liâng - literary;
- niû/niô͘/niâ - vernacular.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: nyian (T3)
- IPA (key): /n̠ʲiã²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 娘 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /niɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /niaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /niɑŋ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ȵiaŋ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /niaŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /niaŋ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /niaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ȵiɔ̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /niɑŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ȵiɑ̃⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ȵiɑŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /niaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ȵiaŋ³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /niaŋ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /niã̠³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /liaŋ²⁴/ 爹～ /liaŋ³¹/ 姑姑 |
|
| Hefei | /liɑ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /niɒ̃¹¹/ ～家 /niɒ̃⁴⁵/ 姥姥 |
| Pingyao | /ȵiɑŋ¹³/ /ȵyə¹³/ ～～廟 |
|
| Hohhot | /niɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiã²³/ |
| Suzhou | /ȵiã¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /ȵiɑŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ȵi³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /nia⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /ȵiau⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ȵian¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ȵian¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiɔŋ⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /ŋioŋ¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ŋioŋ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /nœŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /nɛŋ⁵⁵/ /nœŋ²¹/ |
|
| Hong Kong | /nœŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /liɔŋ³⁵/ /niu³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /nuoŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /niɔŋ³³/ /niɔŋ²¹/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /niõ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /niaŋ³¹/ /nio³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 娘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 女良切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɳɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɳiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/niɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɳɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/niaŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/nĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ni̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
niáng |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 娘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8045 |
| Phonetic component |
良 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
孃 |
| Old Chinese |
/*naŋ/ |
| Notes | 女郎合音 |
Definitions[edit]
娘
- woman, especially a young girl
- 姑娘 ― gūniang ― girl
- (colloquial) mother; ma
- wife of another person
- elderly lady
- (religion) "The Lady", an epithet of the Fujianese sea goddess Mazu (媽祖／妈祖).
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 娘
Descendants[edit]
Others:
- Khmer: នាង (néang, “young woman; girl”)
- Lao: ນາງ (nāng, “woman; girl; lady; Mrs.”)
- Thai: นาง (naang, “woman; wife; female lover”)
- Vietnamese: nàng (“lady; young woman; she”)
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
娘
Readings[edit]
- Goon: にょう (nyō)←にやう (nyau, historical)
- Kan’on: じょう (jō)←ぢやう (dyau, historical)
- Tōon: にゃん (nyan)
- Kun: むすめ (musume, 娘, Jōyō); こ (ko, 娘)
- Nanori: め (me); ら (ra)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 娘 |
| むすめ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Compound of 生す (musu, “to beget”) + 女 (me, “female”).[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
娘 (hiragana むすめ, rōmaji musume)
- (humble) a daughter
-
2007 October 20, Hiroshi, Izawa; Kotaro, Yamada, “最終話 それぞれの道へ [Final Chapter: Epilog]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], volume 5 (fiction, in Japanese), Jump Remix edition, Tokyo: Shueisha, ISBN 978-4-08-109486-8, page 352:
- 王国の『娘』セシリア
- Ōkoku no ‘Musume’ Seshiria
- Cecilia, ‘Daughter’ of the Kingdom
- 王国の『娘』セシリア
-
Synonyms[edit]
See also[edit]
- 女子 (joshi): girl
- 女の子 (onna no ko): girl
- 女 (onna): woman
- 息子 (musuko): son
- 男子 (danshi): boy
- 男の子 (otoko no ko): boy
- 男 (otoko): man
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 娘 |
| こ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
See 子 (ko)
Noun[edit]
- Alternative spelling of 子 (“girl”)
-
1996 February 20, Adachi, Mitsuru, “テイク・オフ [Take Off]”, in SHORT PROGRAM [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 1 (fiction, in Japanese), 25th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-121881-4, page 107:
- 自分で自分の行動に条件をつけちゃうんだよ、この娘——例えば、毎年初雪が降るまでモチは食わないとか、霊柩車が通るまで道を渡らないとか、ネコがあくびするまでコタツを出ないとか。
- Jibun de jibun no kōdō ni jōken o tsukechaun da yo, kono ko—— Tatoeba, maitoshi hatsuyuki ga furu made mochi wa kuwanai toka, reikyūsha ga tōru made michi o wataranai toka, neko ga akubisuru made kotatsu o denai toka.
- She sets terms for every of her own actions—— Like, not eating mochi until the first snowfall of each year, not crossing the street until the hearse passes by, or not leaving the kotatsu until her cat yawns.
- 自分で自分の行動に条件をつけちゃうんだよ、この娘——例えば、毎年初雪が降るまでモチは食わないとか、霊柩車が通るまで道を渡らないとか、ネコがあくびするまでコタツを出ないとか。
-
2000 January 20, Tezuka, Osamu, “第３話 スタ一誕生 [Chapter 3: Birth of a Star]”, in ブラック・ジャック [Black Jack], volume 11 (fiction, in Japanese), 8th edition, Tokyo: Hakusensha, ISBN 4-06-108761-4, page 62:
- その娘はもう死んだ 魅力的な子だった
- Sono ko wa mō SHIN DA Miryokuteki na ko datta
- That girl is already DEAD. She was very attractive.
- その娘はもう死んだ 魅力的な子だった
-
2010 December 8, Sorachi, Hideaki, “第三百二十二訓 二度あることは三度ある [Lesson 322: Twice, Thrice That There Are]”, in 銀魂 [Silver Soul], volume 37 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Shueisha, ISBN 978-4-08-870145-5:
- うは ホントだ‼プリップリ デカプリ娘だっ…………
- Uha honto da‼ Purippuri DeKapuriko dah…………
- For real, man‼ Real voluptuous. That’s a VoLuprigirl…………
- …Machigatta Ānorudo Shurantseneko datta
- …Nah, that’s just an Arnold Drunkeneggirl
- うは ホントだ‼プリップリ デカプリ娘だっ…………
-
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
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Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
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