娘

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See also: 孃 and 嬢
娘 U+5A18, 娘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A18
← 娗
[U+5A17] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 娙 →
[U+5A19]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character[edit]

娘 (radical 38, 女+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女戈日女 (VIAV), four-corner 43432, composition ⿰女良)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 262, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6304
  • Dae Jaweon: page 529, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1054, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5A18

Chinese[edit]

trad. 娘/孃
simp. 娘
孃: “mother”

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
剆 *raːl, *raːlʔ
郎 *raːŋ
稂 *raːŋ
桹 *raːŋ
鋃 *raːŋ
硠 *raːŋ
浪 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
蜋 *raːŋ, *raŋ
琅 *raːŋ
狼 *raːŋ
欴 *raːŋ
踉 *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs
莨 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
艆 *raːŋ
駺 *raːŋ
躴 *raːŋ
筤 *raːŋ
閬 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
哴 *raːŋ, *raŋs
蓈 *raːŋ
廊 *raːŋ
榔 *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ
螂 *raːŋ
瑯 *raːŋ
朗 *raːŋʔ
朖 *raːŋʔ
誏 *raːŋʔ
俍 *raːŋʔ
崀 *raːŋʔ
埌 *raːŋs
蒗 *raːŋs
娘 *naŋ
良 *raŋ
粮 *raŋ
悢 *raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *naŋ): semantic 女 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

Etymology[edit]

Not attested in pre-Tang texts. It may ultimately have been a fusion of 女郎 (MC ɳɨʌX lɑŋ, “lady”) (Coblin, 1994).

Alternatively, it may be a loan from Proto-Turkic *ana ~ *eńe (“mother”); compare Turkish ana and Uyghur ئانا‎ (ana) (Vovin and McCraw, 2011).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: nion3 - used in words meaning “maternal grandmother”, e.g. 娘娘, 姥娘.
Note:
  • nòng - vernacular;
  • niòng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • niû/niô͘/niâu, niâ - vernacular;
    • liông/liâng - literary.
    Note:
    • nio5/niê5 - vernacular;
    • niang5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 娘
    Mandarin Beijing /niɑŋ³⁵/
    Harbin /niaŋ²⁴/
    Tianjin /niɑŋ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ȵiaŋ⁴²/
    Qingdao /niaŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /niaŋ⁴²/
    Xi'an /niaŋ²⁴/
    Xining /ȵiɔ̃²⁴/
    Yinchuan /niɑŋ⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ȵiɑ̃⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ȵiɑŋ⁵¹/
    Wuhan /niaŋ²¹³/
    Chengdu /ȵiaŋ³¹/
    Guiyang /niaŋ²¹/
    Kunming /niã̠³¹/
    Nanjing /liaŋ²⁴/ 爹～
    /liaŋ³¹/ 姑姑
    Hefei /liɑ̃⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /niɒ̃¹¹/ ～家
    /niɒ̃⁴⁵/ 姥姥
    Pingyao /ȵiɑŋ¹³/
    /ȵyə¹³/ ～～廟
    Hohhot /niɑ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ȵiã²³/
    Suzhou /ȵiã¹³/
    Hangzhou /ȵiɑŋ²¹³/
    Wenzhou /ȵi³¹/
    Hui Shexian /nia⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /ȵiau⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ȵian¹³/
    Xiangtan /ȵian¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /ȵiɔŋ⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /ŋioŋ¹¹/
    Taoyuan /ŋioŋ¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /nœŋ²¹/
    Nanning /nɛŋ⁵⁵/
    /nœŋ²¹/
    Hong Kong /nœŋ²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liɔŋ³⁵/
    /niu³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /nuoŋ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /niɔŋ³³/
    /niɔŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /niõ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /niaŋ³¹/
    /nio³¹/
    Rime
    Character 娘
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 娘 (12)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 女良切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɳɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɳiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/niɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɳɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/niaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/nĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ni̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		niáng
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 娘
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8045
    Phonetic
    component         		良
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		孃
    Old
    Chinese         		/*naŋ/
    Notes 女郎合音

    Definitions[edit]

    娘

    1. woman, especially a young girl
      姑娘  ―  gūniang  ―  girl
    2. (colloquial) mother; ma
    3. wife of another person
    4. elderly lady
    5. (religion) "The Lady", an epithet of the Fujianese sea goddess Mazu (媽祖／妈祖).
    6. girly; effeminate; feminine
    7. (～母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡇ (ny-)

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 媽媽 (“mum (face-to-face)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 母親
    Mandarin Beijing 媽媽, 媽, 娘
    Taiwan 媽媽, 媽
    Tianjin 媽媽, 媽
    Harbin 媽, 媽媽
    Shenyang 媽媽
    Jinan 媽, 媽媽, 娘
    Muping 媽
    Luoyang 媽, 媽兒
    Wanrong 嬤
    Wanrong (Ronghe) 媽
    Xi'an 媽
    Xining 阿媽, 媽媽, 姆媽
    Xuzhou 媽媽, 娘, 大兒
    Yinchuan 媽
    Lanzhou 媽
    Ürümqi 媽媽, 媽, 阿娘 Hui, 阿娘子 used with minorities
    Wuhan 姆媽, 媽媽
    Chengdu 媽媽, 媽
    Guiyang 媽
    Liuzhou 阿媽, 媽
    Kunming 媽
    Yangzhou 媽媽, 姆媽
    Nanjing 媽, 姆媽, 娘
    Hefei 媽, 媽爺
    Cantonese Guangzhou 阿媽, 媽媽
    Hong Kong 媽咪, 阿媽, 媽媽
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 阿媽, 阿奶
    Taishan 媽
    Dongguan 阿媽, 阿奶, 阿姐, 媽媽 childish, 媽咪 childish
    Yangjiang 阿媽, 阿娘
    Xinyi 阿媽
    Nanning 媽媽, 阿媽, 媽
    Kuala Lumpur 阿媽, 媽咪
    Gan Nanchang 姆媽
    Lichuan 姆媽
    Pingxiang 姆媽
    Hakka Meixian 阿姆, 阿嫲
    Xingning 阿媽
    Qujiang 阿姆
    Xiaosanjiang 阿姆, 阿嬸
    Changting 姆媽, 姆娓
    Pingyu 姆
    Wuping 姆姆, 依呀
    Liancheng 姆
    Ninghua 姆媽
    Yudu 姆, 媽媽, 媽
    Ruijin 姆媽
    Shicheng 姆媽
    Shangyou 嫫
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 阿姆
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 阿姆, 姆媽
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 阿姆
    Dongshi (Dabu) 阿姆
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 阿姆
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 阿依
    Hong Kong 阿媽
    Sabah 阿姆
    Senai 阿媽
    Singkawang 阿姆
    Huizhou Jixi 姆
    Jin Taiyuan 媽
    Xinzhou 波哇, 波波呀, 呀波呀
    Min Bei Jian'ou 依呀, 媽媽
    Min Dong Fuzhou 依媽, 依奶
    Fuqing 奶, 依奶, 媽媽, 依娜
    Matsu 依奶
    Min Nan Xiamen 阿母, 阿母仔, 母仔, 阿媽, 阿娘
    Quanzhou 阿母, 母仔, 阿娘
    Zhangzhou 阿母, 母仔, 咉奶, 嘔傴 euphemistic
    Taipei 阿母, 阿娘, 媽媽
    Kaohsiung 卡桑, 阿母仔
    Tainan 歐卡桑, 阿母, 俺娘仔, 娘嬭
    Taichung 媽媽, 阿母
    Hsinchu 媽媽, 阿娘, 阿母
    Lukang 阿母, 阿娘, 姨仔
    Sanxia 阿母, 阿娘, 姨仔
    Yilan 阿母, 阿娘
    Kinmen 俺娘仔
    Magong 阿母
    Penang 阿母, 阿媽, 媽媽, 媽
    Singapore 阿母
    Chaozhou 阿媽, 阿娘, 阿姈
    Haifeng 媽, 媽媽
    Johor Bahru 阿媽, 媽媽
    Haikou 阿媽, 阿姐, 阿娘 dated, 阿嫂 dated
    Leizhou 嬭, 姨 dated
    Pinghua Nanning 媽, 嫂, 嬸, 阿媼 dated
    Wu Shanghai 媽媽, 姆媽
    Suzhou 姆媽
    Hangzhou 姆媽, 媽媽
    Wenzhou 阿媽, 阿奶, 奶
    Chongming 姆媽
    Danyang 媽, 娘
    Jinhua 姆媽
    Ningbo 阿姆, 姆媽
    Xiang Changsha 媽媽, 姆媽, 娘老子
    Shuangfeng 姆媽
    Loudi 依爺, 姆媽, 娘老子
    Dialectal synonyms of 媽媽 (“mum (non-face-to-face)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 母親
    Mandarin Beijing 媽媽, 媽, 娘
    Taiwan 媽媽, 媽
    Tianjin 媽媽, 媽
    Harbin 媽, 媽媽
    Shenyang 媽媽
    Jinan 媽, 媽媽, 娘
    Muping 媽
    Wanrong 嬤
    Wanrong (Ronghe) 媽
    Xi'an 媽
    Xining 阿媽, 媽媽, 姆媽
    Xuzhou 媽媽, 娘, 大兒
    Yinchuan 媽
    Lanzhou 媽, 老媽
    Ürümqi 老娘
    Wuhan 姆媽, 媽媽, 老娘, 黎山老 slang, 孟子見 dated slang
    Chengdu 媽媽, 媽
    Guiyang 媽, 老媽 humorous
    Liuzhou 媽, 阿媽, 娘老, 老媽子
    Kunming 媽媽
    Yangzhou 媽媽, 姆媽, 老娘
    Nanjing 媽, 姆媽, 娘
    Hefei 媽, 媽爺
    Nantong 娘嬭
    Cantonese Guangzhou 老母
    Hong Kong 老母, 老媽子, 阿媽, 媽咪
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 老母, 阿奶
    Taishan 媽
    Dongguan 阿媽, 阿奶, 阿姐, 老母, 老乸 Changping, 媽媽 childish, 媽咪 childish
    Yunfu 老母
    Yangjiang 阿奶
    Xinyi 老母
    Nanning 媽, 老乸
    Kuala Lumpur 老媽子
    Gan Nanchang 姆媽, 娘
    Lichuan 娘, 家母
    Pingxiang 姆媽, 娘老子
    Hakka Meixian 哀仔
    Xingning 哀哩, 阿媽
    Huidong 阿姆, 媽
    Qujiang 哀子
    Xiaosanjiang 阿姆
    Changting 哀哩
    Pingyu 哀子
    Wuping 哀哩
    Liancheng 哀
    Ninghua 姆媽
    Ruijin 哀, 乳子
    Shicheng 哀
    Shangyou 姐佬
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 哀仔
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 哀仔
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 哀仔
    Dongshi (Dabu) 哀
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 哀仔
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 哀
    Hong Kong 阿姆
    Senai 吾媽
    Singkawang 哀
    Huizhou Jixi 姆, 娘
    Jin Taiyuan 媽媽, 媽
    Xinzhou 波, 波波
    Min Bei Jian'ou 奶
    Min Dong Fuzhou 娘嬭
    Fuqing 娘嬭
    Matsu 娘嬭
    Min Nan Xiamen 老母, 娘嬭, 阿娘
    Quanzhou 老母, 阿娘
    Zhangzhou 老母, 娘嬭
    Taipei 老母
    Kaohsiung 老母
    Tainan 老母
    Taichung 老母, 媽媽
    Hsinchu 老母
    Lukang 老母
    Sanxia 老母
    Yilan 老母
    Kinmen 老母, 俺母
    Magong 老母
    Penang 老母
    Singapore 老母
    Chaozhou 阿嬡
    Shantou 嬡
    Haifeng 媽, 媽媽
    Johor Bahru 我媽
    Haikou 母
    Leizhou 嬭, 母, 尼母, 尼姨 dated
    Pinghua Nanning 媽, 老娘, 嫂, 嬸, 阿媼 dated
    Wu Shanghai 娘
    Suzhou 娘, 姆媽
    Hangzhou 姆媽, 媽媽, 娘
    Wenzhou 阿媽, 阿奶, 奶
    Chongming 娘
    Danyang 媽, 娘
    Jinhua 娘
    Ningbo 阿娘
    Xiang Changsha 媽媽, 娘, 姆媽, 娘老子
    Shuangfeng 姆媽, 娘
    Loudi 依爺, 姆媽, 娘, 娘老子

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 娘

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (娘):

    Others:

    • → Khmer: នាង (niəng, “young woman; girl”)
    • → Lao: ນາງ (nāng, “woman; girl; lady; Mrs.”)
    • → Thai: นาง (naang, “woman; wife; female lover”)
    • → Vietnamese: nàng (“lady; young woman; she”)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    娘

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    娘
    むすめ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    Compound of 生す (musu, “to beget”) +‎ 女 (me, “female”).[1][2]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    娘 (counter 人, hiragana むすめ, rōmaji musume)

    1. (humble) a daughter
      • 2007 October 20, Izawa, Hiroshi; Yamada, Kotaro, “最さい終しゅう話わ　それぞれの道みちへ [Final Chapter: Epilog]”, in ファイアーエムブレム 覇者の剣 [Fire Emblem: Sword of Champions], volume 5 (fiction), Jump Remix edition, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 352:
        王 (おう)国 (こく)の『娘 (むすめ)』セシリア
        Ōkoku no ‘Musume’ Seshiria
        Cecilia, ‘Daughter’ of the Kingdom
    Synonyms[edit]
    See also[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    娘
    こ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    Alternative spelling. See 子 (ko).

    Noun[edit]

    娘 (hiragana こ, rōmaji ko)

    1. Alternative spelling of 子 (“girl”)
      • 1996 February 20 [Feb 15 1988], Adachi, Mitsuru, “テイク・オフ [Take Off]”, in SHORT PROGRAMショート・プログラム [SHORT PROGRAM], volume 1 (fiction), 25th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 107:
        自 (じ)分 (ぶん)で自 (じ)分 (ぶん)の行 (こう)動 (どう)に条 (じょう)件 (けん)をつけちゃうんだよ、この娘 (こ)——例 (たと)えば、毎 (まい)年 (とし)初 (はつ)雪 (ゆき)が降 (ふ)るまでモチは食 (く)わないとか、霊 (れい)柩 (きゅう)車 (しゃ)が通 (とお)るまで道 (みち)を渡 (わた)らないとか、ネコがあくびするまでコタツを出 (で)ないとか。
        Jibun de jibun no kōdō ni jōken o tsukechaun da yo, kono ko—— Tatoeba, maitoshi hatsuyuki ga furu made mochi wa kuwanai toka, reikyūsha ga tōru made michi o wataranai toka, neko ga akubisuru made kotatsu o denai toka.
        This girl, I’m telling you, she sets terms for every of her own actions— Like, not eating mochi until the first snowfall of each year, not crossing the street until the hearse passes by, or not leaving the kotatsu until her cat yawns.
      • 2000 January 20 [Nov 20 1982], Tezuka, Osamu, “第３話　スタ一誕生 [Chapter 3: Birth of a Star]”, in ブラック・ジャック [Black Jack], volume 11 (fiction), 8th edition, Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 62:
        その娘 (こ)はもう死 (し)んだ。魅 (み)力 (りょく)的 (てき)な子 (こ)だった。
        Sono ko wa mō shinda. Miryokuteki na ko datta.
        That girl is already dead. She was very attractive.
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    娘 • (nang/rang) (hangeul 낭/랑)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    娘 (nương, nàng, nường)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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