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浪

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
浪 U+6D6A, 浪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D6A
← 浩
[U+6D69] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 浫 →
[U+6D6B]
浪 U+F92A, 浪
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92A
← 朗
[U+F929] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 狼 →
[U+F92B]

Translingual

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Han character

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浪 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水戈日女 (EIAV), four-corner 37132, composition ⿰氵良)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 624, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17482
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1022, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1634, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6D6A

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 浪

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 浪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
剆 *raːl, *raːlʔ
郎 *raːŋ
稂 *raːŋ
桹 *raːŋ
鋃 *raːŋ
硠 *raːŋ
浪 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
蜋 *raːŋ, *raŋ
琅 *raːŋ
狼 *raːŋ
欴 *raːŋ
踉 *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs
莨 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
艆 *raːŋ
駺 *raːŋ
躴 *raːŋ
筤 *raːŋ
閬 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
哴 *raːŋ, *raŋs
蓈 *raːŋ
廊 *raːŋ
榔 *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ
螂 *raːŋ
瑯 *raːŋ
朗 *raːŋʔ
朖 *raːŋʔ
誏 *raːŋʔ
俍 *raːŋʔ
崀 *raːŋʔ
埌 *raːŋs
蒗 *raːŋs
娘 *naŋ
良 *raŋ
粮 *raŋ
悢 *raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːŋ, *raːŋs): semantic 水 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

Etymology 1

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May be a colloquial variant of 瀾／澜 (lán, “wave”). Probably not related to Tibetan དབའ་ཀློང (dba' klong, “wave”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • lang6 - literary;
  • neng7 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 浪
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 來宕切
Baxter langH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/laŋH/
Li
Rong 		/lɑŋH/
Wang
Li 		/lɑŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lɑŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		làng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		long6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 浪
Reading # 2/2
No. 8040
Phonetic
component 		良
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		浪
Old
Chinese 		/*raːŋs/

Definitions

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浪

  1. wave
  2. something resembling waves
    麥浪／麦浪  ―  màilàng  ―  billowing wheat fields
  3. to be unrestrained
    浪費／浪费  ―  làngfèi  ―  to waste
  4. dissolute
    浪蕩／浪荡  ―  làngdàng  ―  dissolute; dissipated
    狂蜂浪蝶  ―  kuángfēnglàngdié  ―  lascivious men
  5. (dialectal Mandarin or slang) to amuse oneself; to have fun; to go out; to hang out; to stroll
    你又去哪兒浪去了？ [MSC, trad.]
    你又去哪儿浪去了？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ yòu qù nǎr làng qi le? [Pinyin]
    Where have you been playin’ out this time?
  6. (literary) in vain
    我可不是浪得虛名！看招！ [MSC, trad.]
    我可不是浪得虚名！看招！ [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ kě bù shì làngdéxūmíng! Kàn zhāo! [Pinyin]
    I am not [one who] gained a fake reputation for nothing! Take this!
  7. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 浪 (“wave”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 瀾, 浪
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 浪
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 浪
Singapore 浪
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 浪頭
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 浪
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 浪子
Cantonese Hong Kong 浪
Gan Nanchang 浪
Huizhou Jixi 浪頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 浪
Southern Min Xiamen 湧
Quanzhou 湧
Zhangzhou 湧
Tainan 湧
Jieyang 湧
Leizhou 湧
Haikou 湧
Wu Shanghai 浪頭, 波浪
Shanghai (Chongming) 浪頭
Ningbo 浪頭, 浪

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 浪
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 魯當切
Baxter lang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/laŋ/
Li
Rong 		/lɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/lɑŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		láng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		long4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 浪
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		láng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁaŋ/
English (name of a river)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 浪
Reading # 1/2
No. 8016
Phonetic
component 		良
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		郎
Old
Chinese 		/*raːŋ/

Definitions

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浪

  1. only used in 滄浪／沧浪 (Cāngláng) and 浪浪 (lángláng)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
 浪
alternative forms 上
丄
哴
榔

Lenition of 上: /zɑ̃¹¹³/ > /lɑ̃¹¹³/ (Shanghainese pronunciation). Compare 哉 (/zəʔ/), which underwent a similar process to 了 (/ləʔ/).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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浪 (Wu)

  1. on; above; at; in
    街浪 [Suzhounese]  ―  1ka-laon6 [Wugniu]  ―  on the streets
    鑊頭浪／镬头浪 [Haining Wu]  ―  8ghoq-deu2-laon6 [Wugniu]  ―  in a wok
  2. indicates a place
    迭浪 [Shanghainese]  ―  8diq-laon6 [Wugniu]  ―  here
    何浪 [Suburban Shanghainese]  ―  2gha-laon6 [Wugniu]  ―  where
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Etymology 4

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From English furlong.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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浪

  1. furlong

Japanese

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Kanji

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浪

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. wave
  2. wandering

Readings

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  • Go-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)
  • Kan’yō-on: らん (ran)
  • Kun: なみ (nami, 浪)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
浪
なみ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 浪 – see the following entry.
【波なみ】3
[noun] a wave
[proper noun] a female given name
Alternative spelling
涛
(This term, 浪, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
浪
ろう
Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Counter

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浪(ろう) • (-rō) ←らう (-rau)?

  1. failing the annual university entrance exams (see 浪人)
    二浪目(にろうめ)
    nirōme
    second time failing the annual university entrance exams

References

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 浪 (MC langH). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ〯 (lǎng) (Yale: lǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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  • (initial position)
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠(ː)ŋ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [낭(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
  • (non-initial position)

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

浪 (eumhun 물결 랑 (mulgyeol rang), word-initial (South Korea) 물결 낭 (mulgyeol nang))

  1. hanja form? of 랑/낭 (“wave”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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浪: Hán Việt readings: lãng[1][2][3][4][5][6]
浪: Nôm readings: rằng[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], lặng[1][2][3][4], trảng[3][5][6][7], lảng[3][4][7], dằng[1][2], láng[1][2], lăng[1][3], rẳng[6][7], rắng[1], lang[2], lững[2], rang[2], rặng[2], sáng[2], lẳng[7], răng[7], rẵng[7]

  1. chữ Hán form of lãng (“(only in compounds) drifting; wandering; all over the place; careless”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of dằng (“used in dùng dằng (“to move reluctantly or indecisively”)”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of láng
    1. used in lai láng (“profuse”)
    2. used in láng giềng (“neighbour”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of lặng (“calm, silent, quiet”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of rằng
    1. that
    2. (literary) to speak

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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