浪

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浪 U+6D6A, 浪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D6A
← 浩
[U+6D69] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 浫 →
[U+6D6B]
浪 U+F92A, 浪
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92A
← 朗
[U+F929] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 狼 →
[U+F92B]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

浪 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水戈日女 (EIAV), four-corner 37132, composition ⿰氵良)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 624, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17482
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1022, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1634, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6D6A

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 浪

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 浪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
剆 *raːl, *raːlʔ
郎 *raːŋ
稂 *raːŋ
桹 *raːŋ
鋃 *raːŋ
硠 *raːŋ
浪 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
蜋 *raːŋ, *raŋ
琅 *raːŋ
狼 *raːŋ
欴 *raːŋ
踉 *raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs
莨 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
艆 *raːŋ
駺 *raːŋ
躴 *raːŋ
筤 *raːŋ
閬 *raːŋ, *raːŋs
哴 *raːŋ, *raŋs
蓈 *raːŋ
廊 *raːŋ
榔 *raːŋ, *raːŋʔ
螂 *raːŋ
瑯 *raːŋ
朗 *raːŋʔ
朖 *raːŋʔ
誏 *raːŋʔ
俍 *raːŋʔ
崀 *raːŋʔ
埌 *raːŋs
蒗 *raːŋs
娘 *naŋ
良 *raŋ
粮 *raŋ
悢 *raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raːŋ, *raːŋs): semantic 水 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

Etymology 1[edit]

May be a colloquial variant of 瀾／澜 (lán, “wave”). Probably not related to Tibetan དབའ་ཀློང (dba' klong, “wave”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • lang6 - literary;
  • neng7 - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 浪
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 唐 (101)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 來宕切
    Baxter langH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɑŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/lɑŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/lɑŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/laŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/lɑŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/lɑŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/lɑŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		làng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		long6
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 浪
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 8040
    Phonetic
    component         		良
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		浪
    Old
    Chinese         		/*raːŋs/

    Definitions[edit]

    浪

    1. wave
    2. something resembling waves
      麥浪／麦浪  ―  màilàng  ―  billowing wheat fields
    3. to be unrestrained
      浪費／浪费  ―  làngfèi  ―  to waste
    4. dissolute
      浪蕩／浪荡  ―  làngdàng  ―  dissolute; dissipated
      狂蜂浪蝶  ―  kuángfēnglàngdié  ―  lascivious men
    5. (dialectal Mandarin or slang) to amuse oneself; to have fun; to go out; to hang out; to stroll
    6. (literary) in vain
    7. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 浪 (“wave”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 瀾, 浪
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 浪
    Mandarin Taiwan 浪
    Luoyang 浪頭
    Yinchuan 浪
    Chengdu 浪子
    Singapore 浪
    Cantonese Hong Kong 浪
    Gan Nanchang 浪
    Huizhou Jixi 浪頭
    Min Dong Fuzhou 浪
    Min Nan Xiamen 湧
    Quanzhou 湧
    Zhangzhou 湧
    Tainan 湧
    Jieyang 湧
    Leizhou 湧
    Haikou 湧
    Wu Shanghai 浪頭
    Shanghai (Chongming) 浪頭
    Ningbo 浪頭, 浪

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 浪

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 浪
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 唐 (101)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 魯當切
    Baxter lang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/lɑŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/lɑŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/lɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/laŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/lɑŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/lɑŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/lɑŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		láng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		long4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 浪
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		láng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ lang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[r]ˁaŋ/
    English (name of a river)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 浪
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 8016
    Phonetic
    component         		良
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		郎
    Old
    Chinese         		/*raːŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    浪

    1. Only used in 滄浪／沧浪 (Cāngláng) and 浪浪.

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Lenition of 上: /zɑ̃¹¹³/ > /lɑ̃¹¹³/ (Shanghainese pronunciation). Compare 哉 (/zəʔ/), which underwent a similar process to 了 (/ləʔ/).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    浪

    1. (Wu) on; above
      衣裳擺辣床浪。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
      衣裳摆辣床浪。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
      From: 2007, Qian Nairong, 上海话大词典, page 8
      [i⁵⁵ z̥ɑ̃²¹ pa̱³⁴ la̱ʔ¹² z̥ɑ̃²³ lɑ̃²³] [IPA]
      Put the clothes on the bed.

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    浪

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. wave
    2. wandering

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    浪
    なみ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 浪 – see the following entry.
    【波なみ】3
    [noun] a wave
    [proper noun] a female given name
    Alternative spelling
    濤
    (This term, 浪, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    浪
    ろう
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Counter[edit]

    浪(ろう) • (-rō) ←らう (rau)?

    1. failing the annual university entrance exams (see 浪人)
      二浪目(にろうめ)
      nirōme
      second time failing the annual university entrance exams

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 浪 (MC lɑŋH). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ〯 (lǎng) (Yale: lǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (initial position)
      • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠(ː)ŋ]
      • Phonetic hangul: [낭(ː)]
        • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
    • (non-initial position)

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    浪 (eumhun 물결 랑 (mulgyeol rang), South Korea 물결 낭 (mulgyeol nang))

    1. Hanja form? of 랑/낭 (“wave”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    浪: Hán Nôm readings: lảng, lặng, rằng, lãng, lăng, trảng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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