床

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床 U+5E8A, 床
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E8A
← 庉
[U+5E89]		 CJK Unified Ideographs 庋 →
[U+5E8B]
See also: 牀

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character[edit]

床 (radical 53 广+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈木 (ID) or X戈木 (XID), four-corner 00294, composition ⿸广木)

  1. bed
  2. couch
  3. framework
  4. chassis

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 343, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9242
  • Dae Jaweon: page 653, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 873, character 20
  • Unihan data for U+5E8A

Chinese[edit]

trad. 床/牀
simp. 床

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (爿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臧 *ʔsaːŋ
牂 *ʔsaːŋ
戕 *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ
贓 *ʔsaːŋ
藏 *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs
奘 *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs
臟 *zaːŋs
將 *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs
漿 *ʔsaŋ
鱂 *ʔsaŋ
蔣 *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ
螿 *ʔsaŋ
槳 *ʔsaŋʔ
獎 *ʔsaŋʔ
醬 *ʔsaŋs
鏘 *sʰaŋ
蹡 *sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs
嶈 *sʰaŋ
斨 *sʰaŋ
爿 *braːn, *zaŋ
牆 *zaŋ
妝 *ʔsraŋ
莊 *ʔsraŋ
裝 *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs
壯 *ʔsraŋs
疒 *rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ
床 *zraŋ
牀 *zraŋ
狀 *zraŋs

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chhn̂g, sn̂g - vernacular;
  • chhông - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 床
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰuɑŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /p͡fʰaŋ²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰuɔ̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /p͡fʰɑ̃⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰuaŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰuaŋ³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰuaŋ²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰuã̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuɑŋ¹³/
/suə¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰuɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zɑ̃²³/
Suzhou /zɑ̃¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷɑŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /jyɔ³¹/
Hui Shexian /so⁴⁴/
Tunxi /sau⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕyan¹³/
Xiangtan /ɖ͡ʐɔn¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰɔŋ³⁵/
/t͡sʰŋ̍³⁵/
/sŋ̍³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰouŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰɯŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /so³¹/
Rime
Character 床
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 崇 (20)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 士莊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʒɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɖ͡ʐiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʒiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɖ͡ʐɨaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ʒiaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ʒĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɖ͡ʐʱi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chuáng
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 床
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 chuáng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzrjang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*k.dzraŋ/
English bed

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 床
Reading # 1/1
No. 10310
Phonetic
component		 爿
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 牀
Old
Chinese		 /*zraŋ/
Notes 俗牀字

Definitions[edit]

床

  1. bed; couch (Classifier: 張／张)
  2. framework; chassis
  3. (Teochew) table

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 床 (“bed”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 床
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 床
Mandarin Beijing 床
Taiwan 床
Tianjin 床
Jinan 床
Xi'an 床、床子
Wuhan 床、鋪 with bedclothes
Chengdu 床、鋪 with bedclothes
Yangzhou 床
Hefei 床
Cantonese Guangzhou 床
Hong Kong 床
Yangjiang 床
Gan Nanchang 床
Hakka Meixian 床、眠床
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 眠床
Liudui (S. Sixian) 眠床
Hsinchu (Hailu) 眠床
Dongshi (Dabu) 眠床
Zhuolan (Raoping) 眠床
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 眠床
Jin Taiyuan 床
Min Bei Jian'ou 床
Min Dong Fuzhou 眠床
Min Nan Xiamen 眠床
Quanzhou 眠床
Zhangzhou 眠床
Taipei 眠床
Kaohsiung 眠床
Tainan 眠床
Taichung 眠床
Hsinchu 眠床
Lukang 眠床
Sanxia 眠床
Yilan 眠床、睏床
Kinmen 眠床
Magong 眠床
Penang 眠床
Chaozhou 眠床
Wu Shanghai 床、眠床 dated
Suzhou 床
Wenzhou 床
Xiang Changsha 床、床鋪、鋪 with bedclothes
Shuangfeng 床、床鋪、鋪 with bedclothes
Dialectal synonyms of 桌子 (“table”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 桌
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 桌子
Mandarin Beijing 桌子
Taiwan 桌子
Tianjin 桌子
Jinan 桌子
Xi'an 桌子
Wuhan 桌子
Chengdu 桌子
Yangzhou 桌子
Hefei 桌子
Malaysia 桌子、檯子
Cantonese Guangzhou 檯
Hong Kong 檯
Taishan 檯
Yangjiang 檯
Gan Nanchang 桌子
Hakka Meixian 桌仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 桌仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 桌仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 桌仔
Dongshi (Dabu) 桌
Zhuolan (Raoping) 桌仔、桌
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 桌
Jin Taiyuan 桌子
Min Bei Jian'ou 桌
Min Dong Fuzhou 桌
Min Nan Xiamen 桌、桌仔
Quanzhou 桌、桌仔
Zhangzhou 桌
Taipei 桌仔
Kaohsiung 桌仔
Tainan 桌仔
Taichung 桌仔
Hsinchu 桌仔
Lukang 桌仔
Sanxia 桌仔
Yilan 桌仔
Kinmen 桌
Magong 桌
Penang 桌
Chaozhou 床
Wu Shanghai 檯子
Suzhou 檯子
Wenzhou 桌
Xiang Changsha 桌子
Shuangfeng 桌子

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 床

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

床

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
床
ゆか
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki), completed in 720 and one of the earliest works written in Japanese (see Wikipedia:Nihon Shoki), with a meaning of bed.

According to the 和句解 (Wakuge), published in 1668 by early Edo-period scholar Matsunaga Teitoku (松永貞徳; see Wikipedia:ja:松永貞徳), derives from ゆか (yuka) as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) stem of the verb 行く (yuku, “to go”) of an original meaning similar to "not going", in reference to a place where one sits down to rest.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

床 (hiragana ゆか, rōmaji yuka)

  1. the floor (the bottom surface of a room)
  2. a bed
  3. (theater) a raised area of a stage where a presenter or musician sits
  4. a raised platform erected along the Kamo River in Kyōto in summer, used as an outdoor tea shop or restaurant
Antonyms[edit]
Coordinate terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
床
とこ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Cognate with 所 (tokoro, “place”). Attested since at least the Nara period, appearing in the 万葉集 (Man'yōshū), completed in 759 (see Wikipedia:Man'yōshū).[3]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

床 (hiragana とこ, rōmaji toko)

  1. a raised platform roughly 30cm tall used in dirt-floored rooms as a seat
  2. a raised area on which to sleep: a bed
  3. a sickbed
  4. the floor
  5. tatami mats
  6. the seat of an oxcart
  7. short for 床間 / 床の間 (toko no ma): an alcove with a raised floor along one wall of a traditional Japanese living room
  8. an alcove with a raised floor used as a study: see 付書院 (tsuke shoin)
  9. a box seat, such as at a parade, theater, or stadium
  10. short for 床店 (tokomise): a stall with a raised floor used as a store
  11. short for 床屋 (tokoya): a barbershop, from how such shops were historically often tokomise
  12. short for 床船梁 (toko funabari), 舵床 (kajidoko): the large wooden beam at the very aft of a traditional wood-hulled Japanese ship, upon which the rudder is seated
  13. the heel of a plough; the part of the bottom of a plough that touches the ground and guides the ploughshare
  14. short for 苗床 (naedoko): a seedbed
  15. short for 鉄床, 金床 (kanatoko): an anvil
Synonyms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
床
しょう
Grade: S
kan'yōon

From Middle Chinese 床 (jrhiɑng).

Pronunciation[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Counter[edit]

床 (hiragana しょう, rōmaji -shō, historical hiragana しやう)

  1. beds

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  3. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

床 • (sang) (hangeul 상)

  1. bed
  2. couch
  3. framework
  4. chassis

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

床 (sàng, giàn, giường, sường, giàng, rương)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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