床

See also: 牀

床 U+5E8A, 床 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E8A ← 庉 [U+5E89] CJK Unified Ideographs 庋 → [U+5E8B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

床 (radical 53, 广+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈木 (ID) or X戈木 (XID), four-corner 0029₄, composition ⿸广木)

See also

• 麻 凩

References

• KangXi: page 343, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9242
• Dae Jaweon: page 653, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 873, character 20
• Unihan data for U+5E8A

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Chinese

trad.		床/牀
simp.		床

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
臧	*ʔsaːŋ
牂	*ʔsaːŋ
戕	*kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ
贓	*ʔsaːŋ
藏	*zaːŋ, *zaːŋs
奘	*zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs
臟	*zaːŋs
將	*ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs
漿	*ʔsaŋ
鱂	*ʔsaŋ
蔣	*ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ
螿	*ʔsaŋ
槳	*ʔsaŋʔ
獎	*ʔsaŋʔ
醬	*ʔsaŋs
鏘	*sʰaŋ
蹡	*sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs
嶈	*sʰaŋ
斨	*sʰaŋ
爿	*braːn, *zaŋ
牆	*zaŋ
妝	*ʔsraŋ
莊	*ʔsraŋ
裝	*ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs
壯	*ʔsraŋs
疒	*rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ
床	*zraŋ
牀	*zraŋ
狀	*zraŋs

Etymology

Proto-Vietic *k-ɟəːŋ (“bed”), whence Vietnamese giường and Chut kəcɨːŋ², is a borrowing from Old Chinese (Alves, 2015).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chuáng (chuang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cong⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhòng
• Min Bei (KCR): chô̤ng
• Min Dong (BUC): chòng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhn̂g / sn̂g / chhông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ceng⁵ / seng⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): zaan (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: chuáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˊ
    • Wade–Giles: ch'uang²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwang
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cong⁴
    • Yale: chòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cong⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: congˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cong²
    • IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chô̤ng
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chòng
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰouŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhn̂g / sn̂g / chhông
    • Tâi-lô: tshn̂g / sn̂g / tshông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhngg, sngg, zhoong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰŋ̍²⁴/, /sŋ̍²⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍²⁴/, /sŋ̍²⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍¹³/, /sŋ̍¹³/, /t͡sʰɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰŋ̍²⁴/, /sŋ̍²⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰŋ̍²³/, /sŋ̍²³/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²³/

Note:

• chhn̂g - vernacular (“bed”);
• sn̂g - vernacular (“steamer basket”);
• chhông - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ceng⁵ / seng⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂ng / sṳ̂ng
  • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯŋ⁵⁵/, /sɯŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• ceng5 - “bed; table”;
• seng5 - vernacular (“steamer basket”).

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: zaan (T3)
  • IPA ^(key): /z̻ɑ̃²³/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 床
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰuɑŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/p͡fʰaŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰuɔ̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fʰɑ̃⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰuaŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰuaŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰuaŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰuã̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰuɑ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰuɒ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰuɑŋ¹³/ /suə¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰuɑ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zɑ̃²³/
	Suzhou	/zɑ̃¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zz̩ʷɑŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jyɔ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/so⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/sau⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕyan¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɖ͡ʐɔn¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰɔŋ³⁵/ /t͡sʰŋ̍³⁵/ /sŋ̍³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sʰouŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sʰɔŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰɯŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/so³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /d͡ʒɨɐŋ/▼

Rime
Character	床
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	士莊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒiaŋ/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuáng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.dzraŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	床
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuáng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzrjang ›
Old Chinese	/*k.dzraŋ/
English	bed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	床
Reading #	1/1
No.	10310
Phonetic component	爿
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	牀
Old Chinese	/*zraŋ/
Notes	俗牀字

Definitions

床

1. bed; couch (Classifier: 張／张)
2. framework; chassis
3. (Teochew) table
4. rails of the well
5. bottom
6. classifier for bedding, or large vehicles

Compounds

Derived terms from 床

• 一床一臥／一床一卧
• 一床三放
• 一床兩好／一床两好
• 上下床 (shàngxiàchuáng)
• 上床 (shàngchuáng)
• 下床
• 下床氣／下床气
• 交床
• 供床
• 倒枕捶床
• 倒枕搥床
• 停床
• 冰床 (bīngchuáng)
• 冷床
• 剪床
• 匟床
• 匡床
• 匣床
• 印床
• 吃床腿
• 吊床 (diàochuáng)
• 同床各夢／同床各梦
• 同床異夢／同床异梦 (tóngchuángyìmèng)
• 單人床／单人床 (dānrénchuáng)
• 坐床
• 坐床富貴／坐床富贵
• 坐床撒帳／坐床撒帐
• 坦腹東床／坦腹东床
• 墨床
• 夜雨對床／夜雨对床
• 女床
• 安床
• 家庭病床
• 對床夜語／对床夜语
• 對床風雨／对床风雨
• 小床 (xiǎochuáng)
• 尿床 (niàochuáng)
• 岩床
• 帆布床
• 床上功夫
• 床上安床
• 床上施床
• 床下安床
• 床位 (chuángwèi)
• 床公床婆
• 床包 (chuángbāo)
• 床單／床单 (chuángdān, “bed sheet”)
• 床子
• 床屋
• 床帳／床帐
• 床幃／床帏
• 床板 (chuángbǎn)
• 床架 (“bed frame”)
• 床楞

• 床榻 (chuángtà)
• 床母
• 床沿
• 床笫 (chuángzǐ)
• 床笫之私
• 床罩 (chuángzhào)
• 床腳／床脚
• 床蓐
• 床蝨／床虱 (chuángshī)
• 床褥
• 床鋪／床铺 (chuángpù, “bed”)
• 床頭／床头 (chuángtóu)
• 床頭人／床头人
• 床頭櫃／床头柜 (chuángtóuguì)
• 床頭金盡／床头金尽
• 彈簧床／弹簧床 (tánhuángchuáng)
• 循衣摸床
• 怯床
• 懶床／懒床
• 打枕捶床
• 扶床
• 抱角床
• 押床
• 拉床
• 拔步床
• 拖床
• 捉奸見床／捉奸见床
• 捶床拍枕
• 捶床搗枕／捶床捣枕
• 搗枕搥床／捣枕搥床
• 據床指麾／据床指麾
• 東床／东床 (dōngchuáng)
• 東床坦腹／东床坦腹
• 東床嬌婿／东床娇婿
• 東床嬌客／东床娇客
• 東床快婿／东床快婿
• 植床
• 椎床倒枕
• 榨床
• 榻床
• 樂床／乐床
• 機床／机床 (jīchuáng)
• 櫺床
• 水床
• 水晶床
• 沖床／冲床 (chōngchuáng)
• 沙發床／沙发床 (shāfāchuáng)
• 河床 (héchuáng)
• 海床 (hǎichuáng)
• 溫床／温床 (wēnchuáng)
• 灶床
• 牙床 (yáchuáng)
• 瓦灶繩床／瓦灶绳床

• 疊床架屋／叠床架屋
• 病床 (bìngchuáng)
• 眠床 (miánchuáng)
• 石床
• 砂礫礦床／砂砾矿床
• 磨床
• 礤床兒／礤床儿 (cǎchuángr)
• 礦床／矿床 (kuàngchuáng)
• 禪床／禅床
• 笭床
• 筆床／笔床
• 繡床／绣床
• 繩床／绳床
• 繩床瓦灶／绳床瓦灶
• 羊肉床子
• 胡床 (húchuáng)
• 臥床／卧床 (wòchuáng)
• 臥病在床／卧病在床
• 臨床／临床 (línchuáng)
• 臨床實驗／临床实验
• 臨床經驗／临床经验
• 臨床醫學／临床医学 (línchuáng yīxué)
• 苗床 (miáochuáng)
• 著床／着床 (zhuóchuáng)
• 藜床
• 虎床
• 行軍床／行军床
• 認床／认床 (rènchuáng)
• 象床 (xiàngchuáng)
• 賴床／赖床 (làichuáng)
• 起床 (qǐchuáng, “to get up”)
• 跋步床
• 踏床
• 踏步床
• 車床／车床 (chēchuáng)
• 軟床／软床
• 轄床／辖床
• 鉋床／刨床
• 銑床／铣床 (xǐchuáng)
• 鋪床／铺床 (pūchuáng)
• 鋸床／锯床
• 鏇床子／旋床子
• 鏜床／镗床
• 鑽床／钻床
• 陪床的
• 雞骨支床／鸡骨支床 (jīgǔzhīchuáng)
• 靈床／灵床
• 頂子床／顶子床
• 風雨對床／风雨对床
• 魚床子／鱼床子
• 鼓床
• 龍床／龙床 (lóngchuáng)
• 龍門刨床／龙门刨床

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Japanese

Kanji

床

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō)^{←じやう (zyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kun: ゆか (yuka, 床, Jōyō); とこ (toko, 床, Jōyō); ゆかしい (yukashii, 床しい)

Compounds

Compounds

• 同 (どう)床 (しょう) (dōshō): sharing a bed

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
床
ゆか Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki), completed in 720 and one of the earliest works written in Japanese (see Wikipedia:Nihon Shoki), with a meaning of bed.

According to the 和句解 (Wakuge), published in 1668 by early Edo-period scholar Matsunaga Teitoku (松永貞徳; see Wikipedia:ja:松永貞徳), derives from ゆか (yuka) as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) stem of the verb 行く (yuku, “to go”) of an original meaning similar to "not going", in reference to a place where one sits down to rest.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ゆか [yùká] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ᵝka̠]

Noun

床 (hiragana ゆか, rōmaji yuka)

1. the floor (the bottom surface of a room)

   床 (ゆか)を掃 (は)く

   yuka o haku

   to sweep the floor

2. a bed
3. (theater) a raised area of a stage where a presenter or musician sits
4. a raised platform erected along the Kamo River in Kyōto in summer, used as an outdoor tea shop or restaurant

Antonyms

• (floor): 天 (てん)井 (じょう) (tenjō): ceiling

Coordinate terms

• (floor): 壁 (かべ) (kabe): wall

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
床
とこ Grade: S
kun’yomi

⟨to₂ko₂⟩ → /toko/

From Old Japanese. Cognate with 所 (tokoro, “place”). Attested since at least the Nara period, appearing in the Man'yōshū, completed in 759.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) とこ [tòkó] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA^(key): [to̞ko̞]

Noun

床 (hiragana とこ, rōmaji toko)

1. a raised platform roughly 30cm tall used in dirt-floored rooms as a seat
2. a raised area on which to sleep: a bed
3. a sickbed
4. the floor
5. tatami mats
6. the seat of an oxcart
7. short for 床間 / 床の間 (toko no ma): an alcove with a raised floor along one wall of a traditional Japanese living room
8. an alcove with a raised floor used as a study: see 付書院 (tsuke shoin)
9. a box seat, such as at a parade, theater, or stadium
10. short for 床店 (tokomise): a stall with a raised floor used as a store
11. short for 床屋 (tokoya): a barbershop, from how such shops were historically often tokomise
12. short for 床船梁 (toko funabari), 舵床 (kajidoko): the large wooden beam at the very aft of a traditional wood-hulled Japanese ship, upon which the rudder is seated
13. the heel of a plough; the part of the bottom of a plough that touches the ground and guides the ploughshare
14. short for 苗床 (naedoko): a seedbed
15. short for 鉄床, 金床 (kanatoko): an anvil

Synonyms

• (sickbed): 病 (びょう)床 (しょう) (byōshō), 病褥 (びょうじょく) (byōjoku)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
床
しょう Grade: S
kan’yōon

/ʑau/ → /ɕau/ → /ɕɔː/ → /ɕoː/

From Middle Chinese 床 (MC d͡ʒɨɐŋ). Devoicing apparently occurred after borrowing.

Pronunciation

• Kan’yōyomi
  • (Tokyo) しょ​ー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ː]

Alternative forms

• 牀

Counter

床 (hiragana しょう, rōmaji -shō, historical hiragana しやう)

1. beds

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Korean

Hanja

床 • (sang) (hangeul 상)

1. bed
2. couch
3. framework
4. chassis

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Vietnamese

Han character

床 (sàng, giàn, giường, sường, giàng, rương)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.