床
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See also: 牀
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
床 (radical 53 广+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈木 (ID) or X戈木 (XID), four-corner 00294, composition ⿸广木)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 343, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9242
- Dae Jaweon: page 653, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 873, character 20
- Unihan data for U+5E8A
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 床/牀 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 床 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Characters in the same phonetic series (爿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 臧 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 牂 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 戕 | *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ |
| 贓 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 藏 | *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs |
| 奘 | *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs |
| 臟 | *zaːŋs |
| 將 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs |
| 漿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 鱂 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 蔣 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 螿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 槳 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 獎 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 醬 | *ʔsaŋs |
| 鏘 | *sʰaŋ |
| 蹡 | *sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs |
| 嶈 | *sʰaŋ |
| 斨 | *sʰaŋ |
| 爿 | *braːn, *zaŋ |
| 牆 | *zaŋ |
| 妝 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 莊 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 裝 | *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs |
| 壯 | *ʔsraŋs |
| 疒 | *rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ |
| 床 | *zraŋ |
| 牀 | *zraŋ |
| 狀 | *zraŋs |
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cong4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhòng
- Min Dong (BUC): chòng
- Min Nan (POJ): chhn̂g / sn̂g / chhông
- Wu (Wiktionary): zaan (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˊ
- Wade-Giles: ch'uang2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwang
- IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: cong4
- Yale: chòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsong4
- Guangdong Romanization: cong4
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòng
- Hakka Romanization System: congˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cong2
- IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chòng
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰouŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhn̂g / sn̂g / chhông
- Tâi-lô: tshn̂g / sn̂g / tshông
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhngg, sngg, zhoong
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰŋ̍²⁴/, /sŋ̍²⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍²⁴/, /sŋ̍²⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍¹³/, /sŋ̍¹³/, /t͡sʰɔŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰŋ̍²⁴/, /sŋ̍²⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰŋ̍²³/, /sŋ̍²³/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien)
Note:
- chhn̂g, sn̂g - vernacular;
- chhông - literary.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: zaan (T3)
- IPA (key): /z̻ɑ̃²³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 床 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡sʰuɑŋ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /p͡fʰaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɔ̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /p͡fʰɑ̃⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁵¹/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sʰuaŋ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡sʰuaŋ³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sʰuaŋ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰuã̠³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑ̃⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰuɒ̃¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡sʰuɑŋ¹³/ /suə¹³/ |
|
| Hohhot | /t͡sʰuɑ̃³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zɑ̃²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zɑ̃¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡zz̩ʷɑŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /jyɔ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /so⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /sau⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕyan¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ɖ͡ʐɔn¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰɔŋ³⁵/ /t͡sʰŋ̍³⁵/ /sŋ̍³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡sʰouŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰɯŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /so³¹/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 床 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 士莊切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʒɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɖ͡ʐiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʒiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɖ͡ʐɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡ʒiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡ʒĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chuáng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 床 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chuáng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzrjang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*k.dzraŋ/ |
| English | bed |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 床 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10310 |
| Phonetic component |
爿 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
牀 |
| Old Chinese |
/*zraŋ/ |
| Notes | 俗牀字 |
Definitions[edit]
床
Synonyms[edit]
| Dialectal synonyms of 桌子 (“table”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 桌 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 桌子 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 桌子 |
| Taiwan | 桌子 | |
| Tianjin | 桌子 | |
| Jinan | 桌子 | |
| Xi'an | 桌子 | |
| Wuhan | 桌子 | |
| Chengdu | 桌子 | |
| Yangzhou | 桌子 | |
| Hefei | 桌子 | |
| Malaysia | 桌子、檯子 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 檯 |
| Hong Kong | 檯 | |
| Taishan | 檯 | |
| Yangjiang | 檯 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 桌子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 桌仔 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 桌仔 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 桌仔 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 桌仔 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 桌 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 桌仔、桌 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 桌 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 桌子 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 桌 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 桌 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 桌、桌仔 |
| Quanzhou | 桌、桌仔 | |
| Zhangzhou | 桌 | |
| Taipei | 桌仔 | |
| Kaohsiung | 桌仔 | |
| Tainan | 桌仔 | |
| Taichung | 桌仔 | |
| Hsinchu | 桌仔 | |
| Lukang | 桌仔 | |
| Sanxia | 桌仔 | |
| Yilan | 桌仔 | |
| Kinmen | 桌 | |
| Magong | 桌 | |
| Penang | 桌 | |
| Chaozhou | 床 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 檯子 |
| Suzhou | 檯子 | |
| Wenzhou | 桌 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 桌子 |
| Shuangfeng | 桌子 | |
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 床
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
床
Readings[edit]
- Goon: じょう (jō)←じやう (zyau, historical)
- Kan’on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kan’yōon: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kun: ゆか (yuka, 床); とこ (toko, 床, Jōyō); ゆかしい (yukashī, 床しい)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 床 |
| ゆか Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Attested in the 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki), completed in 720 and one of the earliest works written in Japanese (see Wikipedia:Nihon Shoki), with a meaning of bed.
According to the 和句解 (Wakuge), published in 1668 by early Edo-period scholar Matsunaga Teitoku (松永貞徳; see Wikipedia:ja:松永貞徳), derives from ゆか (yuka) as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) stem of the verb 行く (yuku, “to go”) of an original meaning similar to "not going", in reference to a place where one sits down to rest.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- the floor (the bottom surface of a room)
- a bed
- (theater) a raised area of a stage where a presenter or musician sits
- a raised platform erected along the Kamo River in Kyōto in summer, used as an outdoor tea shop or restaurant
Antonyms[edit]
Coordinate terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 床 |
| とこ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Cognate with 所 (tokoro, “place”). Attested since at least the Nara period, appearing in the 万葉集 (Man'yōshū), completed in 759 (see Wikipedia:Man'yōshū).[3]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- a raised platform roughly 30cm tall used in dirt-floored rooms as a seat
- a raised area on which to sleep: a bed
- a sickbed
- the floor
- tatami mats
- the seat of an oxcart
- short for 床間 / 床の間 (toko no ma): an alcove with a raised floor along one wall of a traditional Japanese living room
- an alcove with a raised floor used as a study: see 付書院 (tsuke shoin)
- a box seat, such as at a parade, theater, or stadium
- short for 床店 (tokomise): a stall with a raised floor used as a store
- short for 床屋 (tokoya): a barbershop, from how such shops were historically often tokomise
- short for 床船梁 (toko funabari), 舵床 (kajidoko): the large wooden beam at the very aft of a traditional wood-hulled Japanese ship, upon which the rudder is seated
- the heel of a plough; the part of the bottom of a plough that touches the ground and guides the ploughshare
- short for 苗床 (naedoko): a seedbed
- short for 鉄床, 金床 (kanatoko): an anvil
Synonyms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 床 |
| しょう Grade: S |
| kan’yōon |
From Middle Chinese 床 (jrhiɑng).
Pronunciation[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Counter[edit]
床 (hiragana しょう, rōmaji -shō, historical hiragana しやう)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
- ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
床 (sàng, giàn, giường, sường, giàng, rương)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'yōon reading しやう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading そう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading さう
- Japanese kanji with goon reading じょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading じやう
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- ja:Theater
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