床

See also: 牀

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

床 (radical 53 广+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈木 (ID), X戈木 (XID), four-corner 0029₄, composition ⿸广木)

1. bed, couch
2. framework, chassis

See also

• 麻 凩

References

• KangXi: page 343, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9242
• Dae Jaweon: page 653, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 873, character 20
• Unihan data for U+5E8A

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Cantonese

Hanzi

床 (Jyutping cong4, Yale chong4)

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Japanese

Kanji

床

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: しょう (shō), (historical) しゃう (shau)
• Kun: ゆか (yuka), とこ (toko), ゆかしい (床しい, yukashii)

Alternative forms

• 牀

Etymology 1

Attested in the 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki), completed in 720 and one of the earliest works written in Japanese (see Wikipedia:Nihon Shoki), with a meaning of bed.

According to the 和句解 (Wakuge), published in 1668 by early Edo-period scholar Matsunaga Teitoku (松永貞徳; see Wikipedia:ja:松永貞徳), derives from ゆか (yuka) as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) stem of the verb 行く (yuku, “to go”) of an original meaning similar to "not going", in reference to a place where one sits down to rest.

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [jɯ̥ᵝka̠]

Noun

床 (hiragana ゆか, romaji yuka)

1. The floor (the bottom surface of a room).
2. A bed.
3. (theater) A raised area of a stage where a presenter or musician sits.
4. A raised platform erected along the Kamo River in Kyōto in summer, used as an outdoor tea shop or restaurant.

Antonyms

• (floor): 天井 (てんじょう, tenjō): ceiling

Coordinate terms

• (floor): 壁 (かべ, kabe): wall

Etymology 2

Shared origin with 所 (ところ, tokoro), "place". Attested since at least the Nara period, appearing in the 万葉集 (Man'yōshū), completed in 759 (see Wikipedia:Man'yōshū).

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [to̞ko̞]

Noun

床 (hiragana とこ, romaji toko)

1. A raised platform roughly 30cm tall used in dirt-floored rooms as a seat.
2. A raised area on which to sleep: a bed.
3. The floor.
4. Tatami mats.
5. The seat of an oxcart.
6. Short for 床間 / 床の間 (toko no ma): An alcove with a raised floor along one wall of a traditional Japanese living room.
7. An alcove with a raised floor used as a study: see 付書院 (tsukeshoin).
8. A box seat, such as at a parade, theater, or stadium.
9. Short for 床店 (tokomise): A stall with a raised floor used as a store.
10. Short for 床屋 (tokoya): A barbershop, from how such shops were historically often tokomise.
11. Short for 床船梁 (tokofunabari), 舵床 (kajidoko): The large wooden beam at the very aft of a traditional wood-hulled Japanese ship, upon which the rudder is seated.
12. The heel of a plough; the part of the bottom of a plough that touches the ground and guides the ploughshare.
13. Short for 苗床 (naedoko): A seedbed.
14. Short for 鉄床, 金床 (kanatoko): An anvil.

Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

• On'yomi, specifically goon
• IPA^(key): [ɕʲo̞ː]

Counter

床 (hiragana しょう, romaji -shō)

1. beds

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Korean

Hanja

床 (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune-Reischauer sang)

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Mandarin

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Hanzi

床 (Pinyin chuáng (chuang2), Wade-Giles ch'uang²)

1. bed

Compounds

• 起床 (qǐchuáng)

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Middle Chinese

Han character

床 (*jrhiɑng)

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Min Nan

Hanzi

床 (TLPA tshông (tshong⁵), sn̂g (sng⁵), tshn̂g (tshng⁵))

References

• Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Vietnamese

Han character

床 (sàng, giàn, giường, sường, giàng, rương)