行く
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 行 |
| い Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 往く 逝く (rare) |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 行 |
| ゆ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 往く 適く 之く 征く |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *iku. Cognate with Okinawan 行ちゅん (ichun), Miyako 行きぃ (iksï).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 行く
| Plain | 行く | いく | [ìkú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 行って | いって | [ìtté] |
| Perfective | 行った | いった | [ìttá] |
| Negative | 行かない | いかない | [ìkánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 行かなかった | いかなかった | [ìkánáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 行けば | いけば | [ìkéꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 行ったら | いったら | [ìttáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 行け | いけ | [ìké] |
| Volitional | 行こう | いこー | [ìkóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 行きたい | いきたい | [ìkítáí] |
| Formal | 行きます | いきます | [ìkímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 行きません | いきません | [ìkímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 行きましょう | いきましょー | [ìkímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 行きました | いきました | [ìkímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 行き 行きに |
いき いきに |
[ìkí] [ìkí ní] |
| Negative continuative | 行かず 行かずに |
いかず いかずに |
[ìkázú] [ìkázú ní] |
| Passive | 行かれる | いかれる | [ìkárérú] |
| Causative | 行かせる 行かす |
いかせる いかす |
[ìkásérú] [ìkású] |
| Potential | 行ける | いける | [ìkérú] |
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 行く
| Plain | 行く | ゆく | [yùkú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 行いて | ゆいて | [yùíté] |
| Perfective | 行いた | ゆいた | [yùítá] |
| Negative | 行かない | ゆかない | [yùkánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 行かなかった | ゆかなかった | [yùkánáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 行けば | ゆけば | [yùkéꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 行いたら | ゆいたら | [yùítáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 行け | ゆけ | [yùké] |
| Volitional | 行こう | ゆこー | [yùkóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 行きたい | ゆきたい | [yùkítáí] |
| Formal | 行きます | ゆきます | [yùkímáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 行きません | ゆきません | [yùkímáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 行きましょう | ゆきましょー | [yùkímáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 行きました | ゆきました | [yùkímáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 行き 行きに |
ゆき ゆきに |
[yùkí] [yùkí ní] |
| Negative continuative | 行かず 行かずに |
ゆかず ゆかずに |
[yùkázú] [yùkázú ní] |
| Passive | 行かれる | ゆかれる | [yùkárérú] |
| Causative | 行かせる 行かす |
ゆかせる ゆかす |
[yùkásérú] [yùkású] |
| Potential | 行ける | ゆける | [yùkérú] |
Verb
[edit]行く or 行く • (iku or yuku) intransitive godan (stem 行き (iki), past 行った (itta))
- to go; to come to one's place
- (of a letter) to be delivered
- to depart
- ゆく年くる年。
- Yuku toshi kuru toshi.
- A year departing and a year coming.
- ゆく年くる年。
- to rely (on a method)
- これで行くしかない。
- Kore de iku shika nai.
- The only option is to go with this.
- これで行くしかない。
- (年が〜) to age
- 彼は年が行っている。
- Kare wa toshi ga itte iru.
- He is old.
- 彼は年が行っている。
- (うまく〜) to go well
- そう毎度物事はうまく行かない。
- Sō maido monogoto wa umaku ikanai.
- Not every time do things go well.
- そう毎度物事はうまく行かない。
- (auxiliary, usually spelled in hiragana) After the て-form of a verb:
- イく: (slang) to have an orgasm, to come, to cum
- 2009, Ichiro Suzuki in an interview after the World Baseball Classic
- 気持ち良かったっすねえ。ほぼイキかけました。
- Kimochi yokatta ssu nē. Hobo ikikakemashita.
- It felt great. I almost came.
- 気持ち良かったっすねえ。ほぼイキかけました。
- 2009, Ichiro Suzuki in an interview after the World Baseball Classic
Usage notes
[edit]- In English, the verbs go and come in the senses of physical motion are often used in relation to the listener. If Alice calls Bob and asks him if he is on his way to her party, he would say, "I'm coming."
- However, in Japanese, the verbs 行く (iku, “to go”) and 来る (kuru, “to come”) are used in relation to the speaker. If Alice calls Bob and asks him if he is on his way to her party, he would instead say 行きます (ikimasu, “I'm going”).
- This verb has an irregular euphonic stem in its perfective and conjunctive constructions, those being 行った (itta) and 行って (itte) respectively, instead of the expected 行いた (iita) and 行いて (iite) or 行いた (yuita) and 行いて (yuite).
- As an auxiliary, it is more commonly spelled in hiragana. The form ていく (-te iku) can also be colloquially shortened to てく (-teku).
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 行か | いか ゆか |
ika yuka |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 行き | いき ゆき |
iki yuki |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 行く | いく ゆく |
iku yuku |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 行く | いく ゆく |
iku yuku |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 行け | いけ ゆけ |
ike yuke |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 行け | いけ ゆけ |
ike yuke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 行かれる | いかれる ゆかれる |
ikareru yukareru |
| Causative | 行かせる 行かす |
いかせる ゆかせる いかす ゆかす |
ikaseru yukaseru ikasu yukasu |
| Potential | 行ける | いける ゆける |
ikeru yukeru |
| Volitional | 行こう | いこう ゆこう |
ikō yukō |
| Negative | 行かない | いかない ゆかない |
ikanai yukanai |
| Negative continuative | 行かず | いかず ゆかず |
ikazu yukazu |
| Formal | 行きます | いきます ゆきます |
ikimasu yukimasu |
| Perfective | 行った | いった | itta |
| Conjunctive | 行って | いって | itte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 行けば | いけば ゆけば |
ikeba yukeba |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 行か | ゆか | yuka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 行き | ゆき | yuki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 行く | ゆく | yuku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 行く | ゆく | yuku |
| Realis (已然形) | 行け | ゆけ | yuke |
| Imperative (命令形) | 行け | ゆけ | yuke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 行かず | ゆかず | yukazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 行けど | ゆけど | yukedo |
| Causal conjunction | 行けば | ゆけば | yukeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 行かば | ゆかば | yukaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 行きき | ゆきき | yukiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 行きけり | ゆきけり | yukikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 行きつ | ゆきつ | yukitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 行きぬ | ゆきぬ | yukinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 行けり 行きたり |
ゆけり ゆきたり |
yukeri yukitari |
| Volitional | 行かむ | ゆかむ | yukamu |
¹ In everyday speech, せら is shortened into さ in the causative passive forms of godan verbs: 行かせられる → 行かされる. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “to come”): 来る (kuru)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “行く”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 行 read as い
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms spelled with 行 read as ゆ
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -ku
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese auxiliary verbs
- Japanese slang
- ja:Sex