時間
Chinese[edit]
o'clock; time; when o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period |
interstice; separate; between interstice; separate; between; among; space; (measure word) | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (時間) | 時 | 間 | |
simp. (时间) | 时 | 间 |
Etymology[edit]
For the modern sense of “time” (as opposed to “space”), reborrowed from Japanese 時間 (jikan, “time”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
時間
- (uncountable) time (the inevitable passing of events from future to present then past)
- 愛惜時間/爱惜时间 ― àixī shíjiān ― to treasure time
- 浪費時間/浪费时间 ― làngfèi shíjiān ― to waste time
- 打發時間/打发时间 ― dǎfa shíjiān ― to kill time
- 合理支配時間/合理支配时间 ― hélǐ zhīpèi shíjiān ― to manage time reasonably; reasonable time management
- 時間不等人。/时间不等人。 ― Shíjiān bù děngrén. ― Time waits for no one.
- 時間催人老。/时间催人老。 ― Shíjiān cuī rén lǎo. ― Time ages us.
- 時間還來得及。/时间还来得及。 ― Shíjiān hái láidejí. ― All in good time.
- 抓緊時間!/抓紧时间! ― Zhuājǐn shíjiān! ― Get a move on!
- (countable) time (a measurement of a quantity of time; a numerical indication of a length of time) (Classifier: 段 m)
- a point in time
- (uncountable) free time; leisure; spare time
Synonyms[edit]
- (time): 年數/年数 (niánshù), 年代 (niándài), (archaic) 年紀/年纪 (niánjì), 時候/时候 (shíhou), (Min Nan) 時陣/时阵 (sî-chūn), (Wu) 辰光 (zen kuaan (T3))
- (free time):
Coordinate terms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
|
|
Further reading[edit]
- “Entry #6071”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
時 | 間 |
じ Grade: 2 |
かん Grade: 2 |
goon | kan’on |
Probably originally borrowed from Middle Chinese compound 時間 (dzyi kɛn, literally “time interval”). Repurposed in the early Meiji period as a translation of the western term time in relation to philosophy in the 1881 publication of 哲学字彙 (Tetsugaku Jii, “Philosophy Dictionary”) compiled by Inoue Tetsujirō.[1] The meaning "hour" can be analyzed as a compound of 時 (-ji, “o'clock”) + 間 (-kan, time interval suffix). Compare other terms formed with the suffix 間 (-kan) like 三分間 (sanpunkan) and 三日間 (mikkakan).
The reading is a mix of the goon reading ji and the kan'on reading kan, suggesting either that the reading changed after borrowing (from the expected goon pronunciation of jiken or the expected kan'on pronunciation of shikan), or that this term was independently coined in Japanese after the constituent terms 時 (ji) and 間 (kan) were borrowed.
Alternative forms[edit]
- (honorific) お時間 (o-jikan)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- time
- 時間はありますか?
- Jikan wa arimasu ka?
- Do you have any time?
- 時間はいつでも大丈夫です。
- Jikan wa itsu de mo daijōbu desu.
- Any time works for me.
- (literally, “As for time, whenever is fine.”)
- もうこんな時間!
- Mō konna jikan!
- My, will you look at the time!
- (literally, “[it's] already this sort of time!”)
- 時間にルーズ
- jikan ni rūzu
- never on time
- (literally, “lax about time”)
- 時間と空間の関係
- jikan to kūkan no kankei
- the relationship between time and space
- 時間はありますか?
- hour
- 1時間は 60分です。
- Ichi-jikan wa rokujippun desu.
- One hour is 60 minutes.
- 1時間は 60分です。
- the hours or time when something happens
- 試験時間に遅れた
- shiken jikan ni okureta
- was late for the exam
- (literally, “late to the time of the exam”)
- 営業時間は月火水、午前 9時から午後 2時までです。
- Eigyō jikan wa getsu-ka-sui, gozen ku-ji kara gogo ni-ji made desu.
- Business hours are Monday to Wednesday, 9 AM to 2 PM.
- 開館時間
- kaikan jikan
- hours of operation
- 時間です!
- Jikan desu!
- Time's up!
- (literally, “It's time!”)
- 閉園の時間です!
- Heien no jikan desu!
- We're closing now!
- (literally, “It's time for our closing!”)
- あまり時間がなくてすみません
- amari jikan ga nakute sumimasen
- sorry for not having the time [to do something]
- 2002 July 27, Mashiba, Shin, “[第](だい)[壱](いち)[夜](や) [下](クダ)リ[階](カイ)[段](ダン) [Night 1: Downward Stairway]”, in [夢](ゆめ)[喰](くい)[見](けん)[聞](ぶん) [The Dream-Eating Inspector], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Square Enix, page 21:
- 目覚めの時間だ
- Mezame no jikan da
- It’s time to wake up
- 目覚めの時間だ
- 試験時間に遅れた
Usage notes[edit]
The more general word for time, as in "when something happens", is 時 (toki).
- 海辺に行った時
- umibe ni itta toki
- the time I went to the beach, when I went to the beach
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
See also[edit]
- 時空 (jikū): time and space
- 空間 (kūkan): space, a space
- 時空間 (jikūkan): spacetime
- 日数 (nissū): number of days (duration)
Counter[edit]
- an hour-long period
- 一時間、二時間、五時間半
- ichi-jikan, ni-jikan, go-jikan han
- one hour, two hours, five and a half hours
- 何時間もかかりそうです。
- Nan-jikan mo kakari sō desu.
- Apparently it will take many hours.
- 一時間、二時間、五時間半
See also[edit]
Japanese number-counter combinations for 時間 (jikan) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
一時間 (ichijikan) | 二時間 (nijikan) | 三時間 (sanjikan) | 四時間 (yojikan) | 五時間 (gojikan) |
6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
六時間 (rokujikan) | 七時間 (shichijikan) 七時間 (nanajikan) |
八時間 (hachijikan) | 九時間 (kujikan) | 十時間 (jūjikan) |
100 | 1,000 | 10,000 | How many? | |
百時間 (hyakujikan) | 千時間 (senjikan) | 一万時間 (ichimanjikan) | 何時間 (nanjikan) |
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
時 | 間 |
じ > ち Grade: 2 |
かん Grade: 2 |
irregular | kan’on |
Pronunciation shift to a devoiced initial consonant in certain dialects.
/d͡ʑikaɴ/ → /t͡ɕikaɴ/
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (dialect, Ibaraki) time
- (dialect, Ibaraki) hour
- (dialect, Ibaraki) the hours or time when something happens
Counter[edit]
References[edit]
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean[edit]
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
時 | 間 |
Noun[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Hán tự in this term | |
---|---|
時 | 間 |
Noun[edit]
時間
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Min Dong nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Sichuanese Mandarin
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese uncountable nouns
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese countable nouns
- Chinese nouns classified by 段
- Beginning Mandarin
- zh:Time
- Japanese terms spelled with 時 read as じ
- Japanese terms spelled with 間 read as かん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms suffixed with 時
- Japanese terms suffixed with 間
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with audio links
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with two Han script characters
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with quotations
- Japanese counters
- ja:Time
- Japanese terms spelled with 時
- Japanese dialectal terms
- Ibaraki Japanese
- ja:Units of measure
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Han tu