君

君	U+541B, 君 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541B

Translingual

Han character

君 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸大口 (SKR), four-corner 1760₇, composition ⿸尹口)

Derived characters

侰, 群, 裙, 郡, 捃, 珺, 桾, 宭, 窘, 𠧬, 𠹩, 𫘿, 𡝗, 䞫, 頵(𫖳), 覠(𰴙), 𦌺, 𠲰, 𭊝, 𢽏, 𫺔, 𬂁, 𣇉, 𬱌, 𩂿, 𨧡, 涒, 焄, 𤉙, 桾, 莙, 䇹, 𦀲, 𪣣, 峮, 㟒, 裠, 𧛬, 𬡝, 帬, 𢂽, 𢃆, 𬒽, 輑, 𰺈, 𢧃, 羣, 麏, 鮶(鲪), 鵘

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 177, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3323
Dae Jaweon: page 394, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 595, character 6
Unihan data for U+541B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		君
alternative forms		𠺞𠁈𠱩𠱭𠱰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 君
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (君) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
涒	*l̥ʰuːn
麏	*krun
莙	krun, ɡrunʔ, *klun
輑	*kʰrun
蜠	kʰrun, ɡrunʔ
峮	*kʰrun
窘	*ɡrunʔ
僒	*ɡrunʔ
君	*klun
桾	*klun
宭	klun, ɡlun
鮶	*klun
捃	*kluns
群	*ɡlun
羣	*ɡlun
裙	*ɡlun
裠	*ɡlun
帬	*ɡlun
焄	*qʰlun
郡	*ɡluns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klun) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “(hand holding a rod) to administer”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). In the oracle bones and early Zhou bronze inscriptions, 君 (jūn) was often interchanged with 尹. Shuowen suggests that 口 represents commands, but it may simply be decorative.

Etymology

Unknown. Here are several possibilities:

Related to Old Mon kmin, kmun (“to exercise royal power; to be king; to reign”) (Schuessler, 2007);
Related to 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “director; governor”) and 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) and cognate with Tibetan མགོན (mgon, “protector; master; lord”) (Mei Tsu-lin, 1985);
The *k- prefixed derivative of 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “to straighten; to administer”) (Baxter and Sagart, 1998); however, this is phonologically problematic (Schuessler, 2007).

The ACG sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 君 (-kun), which is in turn from Chinese.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jūn (jun¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄣ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jun¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwan¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gun¹
Gan (Wiktionary): jyn¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiûn

(Meixian, Guangdong): giun¹
Jin (Wiktionary): jyng¹
Eastern Min (BUC): gŭng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gong¹ / guong¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kun

(Teochew, Peng'im): gung¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ciun / ¹cion
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jyn¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyun
  - Wade–Giles: chün¹
  - Yale: jyūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiun
  - Palladius: цзюнь (czjunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jun¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gun
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gwan¹
  - Yale: gwān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: guen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kun³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: jyn¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: giun^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯un²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kiun⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jyng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕyŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gong¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: geong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: guong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuoŋ⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kun
  - Tâi-lô: kun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kwn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kun³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kun⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gung¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹ciun
  - MiniDict: ciuin^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jyn
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕyn⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕyn⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹cion
  - MiniDict: cion^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jion
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕioŋ⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jyn¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕyn³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 君
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕyn⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕyn²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕyẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕyə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕyn²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕyẽ²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕyə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕỹn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕyn³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyn²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕyəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕyŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕỹŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕyŋ⁵³/ /t͡ɕioŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕyən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sz̩ʷen³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕoŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕyʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕyan¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕyn³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕyn³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕyn⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kiun⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kwɐn⁵³/
	Nanning	/kʷɐn⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kwɐn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kun⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kuŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kœyŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kuŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kin²³/ /kun²³/

Middle Chinese: kjun

Rime
Character	君
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舉云切
Baxter	kjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/kiun/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kun/
Li Rong	/kiuən/
Wang Li	/kĭuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qur/

(Zhengzhang): /*klun/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	君
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jūn
Middle Chinese	‹ kjun ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qur/
English	lord; ruler
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	君
Reading #	1/1
No.	7289
Phonetic component	君
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	君
Old Chinese	/*klun/

Definitions

君

sovereign; monarch; ruler; chief; prince; lord
一國之君／一国之君 ― yīguó zhī jūn ― the ruler of a country
(historical) An honorific title: lord
(literary, honorific) you; your (referring to a male)
A polite form of address used among couples.
to dominate; to reign
(ACG, Internet slang) -kun
(ACG, Internet slang) Affectionate name suffix.
字幕君 ― zìmùjūn ― fansubber
a surname: Jun

Synonyms

(you):

Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		汝, 爾, 乃, 而, 若, 伊, 子, 君 †, 卿 †
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		你, 您 †, 閣下 †, 臺端
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	你, 您 †, 您老人家 †
	Taiwan	你, 您 †
	Chengde	你, 您老人家 †
	Ulanhot	你
	Tongliao	你
	Chifeng	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Heihe	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Qiqihar	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Harbin	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
	Jiamusi	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Baicheng	你, 你老 †, 你老人家 †
	Changchun	你, 你老 †
	Tonghua	你, 你老 †
	Shenyang	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
	Jinzhou	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Malaysia	你, 您 †
	Singapore	你, 您 †
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	你
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	你, 你了 †
	Tangshan	你, 你老 †
	Cangzhou	你, 你老 †
	Baoding	你, 你老 †
	Shijiazhuang	你, 你家 †
	Lijin	你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
	Weifang (Weicheng)	你
	Weifang (Fangzi)	你
	Changle	你
	Shouguang	你
	Wulian	你
	Jinan	你, 你老人家 †
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	你, 你老 †
	Dandong	你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
	Yantai	你
	Yantai (Muping)	你
	Qingdao	你
	Weifang (Hanting)	你
	Changyi	你
	Gaomi	你, 恁
	Zhucheng	你, 恁
	Anqiu	你
	Linqu	你, 恁
	Qingzhou	你
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	你
	Lingbao	你
	Wanrong	你
	Linfen	你
	Shangqiu	你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
	Yuanyang	你, 你老 †
	Zhengzhou	你, 你老人家 †
	Xinyang	你, 你老人家 †
	Baihe	你, 你老兒 †
	Xi'an	你, 你老人家 †
	Dingbian	你
	Baoji	你, 你老人家 †
	Tianshui	你, 你老人家 †
	Xining	你, 喬, 你老人家 †
	Yanqi	你
	Xuzhou	恁, 你, 你老人家 †
	Pizhou	恁, 你
	Lianyungang (Ganyu)	你
	Donghai	你
	Fuyang	你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	你
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	你, 你老人家 †
	Bayanhot	你, 您 †
	Lanzhou	你
	Hami	你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
	Ürümqi	你, 你老人家 †
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	你, 你老人家 †
	Nanchong	你, 你老人家 †
	Dazhou	你, 你老人家 †
	Hanyuan	你, 你老人家 †
	Xichang	你, 你老 †
	Zigong	你, 你老人家 †
	Chongqing	你, 你老人家 †
	Wuhan	你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
	Yichang	你, 你家 †, 老人家 †, 你老人家 †
	Xiangyang	你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
	Tianmen	你, 您哪 †, 你老人家 †
	Guiyang	你, 你老人家 †
	Zunyi	你, 你老人家 †
	Bijie	你
	Liping	你, 您 †
	Zhaotong	你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
	Dali	你, 你家 †
	Kunming	你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
	Mengzi	你, 你老人家 †
	Guilin	你, 你老人家 †
	Liuzhou	你, 你老人家 †
	Nanning (Xiakuojie)	你
	Nanning (Fujian)	你
	Nanning (Wuming)	你
	Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)	你
	Binyang (Nanjie)	你
	Jishou	你
	Changde	你, 你家 †
	Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	你
	Hanzhong	你
	Dagudi (Maliba)	你
	Reshuitang (Longling)	你
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	你
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	你
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	你, 你老人家 †
	Yangzhou	你, 你老人家 †
	Baoying	你
	Taizhou	你
	Zhenjiang	你
	Lianyungang	你, 你老人家 †
	Huai'an (Huaiyin)	你, 您兒 †
	Lianshui	你
	Xuyi	你
	Xinghua	你
	Nantong	你, 你老人家 †
	Rugao	你
	Yancheng	你
	Funing	你
	Sihong	你
	Anqing	你, 你老人家 †
	Wuhu	你, 你老人家 †
	Hefei	你, 你老人家 †
	Hong'an	你, 你老人家 †
Mandarin	Qinzhou (Longmengang)	你
Mandarin	Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)	你
Cantonese	Guangzhou	你
	Hong Kong	你
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	你
	Hong Kong (Shek Pik; Weitou)	你
	Macau	你
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	你
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	你
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	你
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	你
	Foshan	你
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	你
	Foshan (Shunde)	你
	Foshan (Sanshui)	你
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	你
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	你
	Zhongshan (Huancheng)	你
	Zhongshan (Nanlang)	你
	Zhongshan (Xiaolan)	你
	Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan)	你
	Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan)	你
	Zhongshan (Henglan)	你
	Zhongshan (Dongfeng)	你
	Zhongshan (Nantou)	你
	Zhongshan (Fusha)	你
	Zhongshan (Shalang)	你
	Zhongshan (Gangkou)	你
	Zhongshan (Huangpu)	你
	Zhongshan (Sanjiao)	你
	Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong)	你
	Zhongshan (Minzhong)	你
	Zhongshan (Guzhen)	你
	Zhongshan (Banfu)	你
	Zhongshan (Tanzhou)	你
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	你
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	你
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	你
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	你
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	你
	Taishan	你
	Kaiping (Chikan)	你
	Enping (Niujiang)	你
	Heshan (Yayao)	你
	Maoming (Beixipo, Dianbai; Malan)	你
	Maoming (Bengtangque, Dianbai; Malan)	你
	Maoming (Mianhuadi, Dianbai; Malan)	你
	Maoming (Shanzuipo, Dianbai; Malan)	你
	Maoming (Binglanghua, Dianbai; Malan)	你
	Dongguan	你
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	你
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	你
	Shenzhen (Pingdong, Longgang; Shehua)	你
	Shenzhen (Pingshan; Zhanmi)	你
	Qingyuan	你
	Fogang	你
	Yingde (Hanguang)	你
	Yangshan	你
	Lianshan (Butian)	你
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	你
	Shaoguan	你
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	你
	Renhua	你
	Lechang	你
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	你
	Sihui	你
Guangning	你
Deqing	你
Huaiji	你
Fengkai (Nanfeng)	你
Yunfu	你
Xinxing	你
Luoding	你
Yunan (Pingtai)	你
Yangjiang	你
Xinyi	你
Lianjiang	你
Nanning	你
Baise	你
Qinzhou	你
Beihai	你
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	你
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	你
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	你
Danzhou	你
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	你
Penang (Guangfu)	你
Singapore (Guangfu)	你
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	你
Móng Cái	你
Gan	Nanchang	爾, 恁
	Nanchang (Wangcheng)	恁
	Anyi	爾仂
	Lushan	爾
	Pengze	爾
	Duchang	爾, 爾儂
	Wuning (Quankou)	恁
	Poyang	你
	Yugan	你, 你郎
	Wannian	你
	Hengfeng	爾, 爾仂
	Yanshan (Hekou)	爾, 爾仂
	Leping	你
	Yichun	你
	Yifeng	爾
	Gao'an	爾
	Fengxin	你
	Shanggao	爾
	Wanzai	爾
	Fengcheng	你
	Xinyu	你
	Fuzhou (Shangdundu)	你
	Fuzhou (Dongxiang)	爾仂
	Nancheng	恁
	Nanfeng	你仂, 你
	Yihuang	恁
	Lichuan	汝
	Chongren	爾
	Pingxiang	恨, 你
	Lianhua	你
	Ji'an	你
	Yongfeng	恁
	Taihe	你
	Xiajiang	你
	Yongxin	你
	Yingtan (Yujiang)	爾
	Guixi	爾, 爾仂
	Jianning	你
	Jinxian	恁, 爾
	Jinxi	恁
	Le'an	你
	Guangchang	你
	Anfu	你
	Suichuan	你
	Wan'an	你
	Jing'an	爾
	Zhangshu	你
	Xingan	你
	Fenyi	你
Hakka	Meixian	你
	Xingning	你
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	你
	Huiyang	你
	Huidong (Daling)	你
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	你
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	你
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	你
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	你
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	你
	Nanxiong (Zhuji)	你
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	你
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	你
	Liannan	你
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	你
	Jiexi	你
	Changting	你
	Shanghang	汝
	Longyan (Yongding)	汝
	Wuping	你
	Wuping (Pingyu)	你
	Liancheng	你
	Ninghua	你
	Qingliu	你
	Yudu	你
	Ningdu	恁
	Ruijin	你
	Shicheng	你
	Shangyou (Shexi)	你
	Ganzhou (Nankang)	你
	Dayu	你
	Dingnan	你
	Longnan	你
	Xunwu	爾
	Huichang	恨, 爾
	Chongyi	你
	Xingguo	你
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	你
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	你
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	你
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	你
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	你
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	你
	Hong Kong	你
	Luchuan	你
	Bobai (Shahe)	你
	Bobai (Longtan)	你
	Bobai (Lingping)	你
	Bobai (Lingjiao)	你
	Sabah (Longchuan)	你
	Senai (Huiyang)	你
	Kuching (Hepo)	你
	Singkawang	你
	Singapore (Dabu)	你
	Bangkok (Meixian)	你
Huizhou	Jixi	爾, 爾仂
	Shexian	爾, 你, 你老人家 †
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	爾, 爾仂
	Wuyuan	爾
	Fuliang	爾
	Dexing	爾
	Chun'an (Qiandaohu)	爾
	Jiande (Meicheng)	爾
	Jiande (Shouchang)	曾, 曾儂
Jin	Taiyuan	你, 你家 †
	Yangyuan	你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
	Datong	你, 您兒 †
	Xinzhou	你, 你吶 †
	Lüliang (Lishi)	你, 你老兒家 †
	Changzhi	你
	Taibus (Baochang)	你, 您 †
	Linhe	你, 您 †, 你老兒家 †
	Jining	你, 您 †, 你家 †
	Hohhot	你, 您 †, 您老兒家 †
	Baotou	你, 您 †
	Dongsheng	你, 您 †
	Haibowan	你, 您 †
	Erenhot	你, 您兒 †
	Pingshan	你
	Zhangjiakou	你, 您 †, 你老 †
	Handan	你, 你老人家 †
	Linzhou	你
	Suide	你
Northern Min	Jian'ou	你
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	你
	Songxi	你
	Zhenghe	你
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	汝
	Jianyang	你
	Wuyishan	你
	Pucheng (Shibei)	你
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	汝
	Fuzhou (Changle)	汝
	Lianjiang	汝
	Fuqing	汝
	Pingtan	汝
	Yongtai	汝
	Minqing	汝
	Gutian	汝
	Pingnan	汝
	Luoyuan	汝
	Fu'an	汝
	Ningde	汝
	Xiapu	汝
	Zherong	汝
	Shouning	汝
	Zhouning	汝
	Fuding	汝
	Matsu	汝
	Taishun	爾
	Cangnan	爾
	Singapore (Fuqing)	汝
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	汝
Southern Min	Xiamen	汝
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	汝
	Quanzhou	汝
	Jinjiang	汝
	Nan'an	汝
	Shishi	汝
	Hui'an	汝
	Anxi	汝
	Yongchun	汝
	Dehua	汝
	Zhangzhou	汝
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	汝
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	汝
	Hua'an	汝
	Nanjing	汝
	Pinghe	汝
	Zhangpu	汝
	Yunxiao	汝
	Zhao'an	汝
	Dongshan	汝
	Taipei	汝
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	汝
	Kaohsiung	汝
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	汝
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	汝
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	汝
	Yilan	汝
	Changhua (Lukang)	汝
	Taichung	汝
	Taichung (Wuqi)	汝
	Tainan	汝
	Taitung	汝
	Hsinchu	汝
	Kinmen	汝
	Penghu (Magong)	汝
	Penang (Hokkien)	汝
	Singapore (Hokkien)	汝
	Manila (Hokkien)	汝
	Medan (Hokkien)	汝
	Longyan	汝
	Zhangping	汝
	Datian	汝
	Guilin (Biyange)	汝
	Chaozhou	汝
	Shantou	汝
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	汝
	Jieyang	汝
	Haifeng	汝
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	汝
	Singapore (Teochew)	汝
	Batam (Teochew)	汝
	Pontianak (Teochew)	汝
	Leizhou	汝
	Wenchang	汝
	Haikou	汝
	Singapore (Hainanese)	汝
Puxian Min	Putian	汝
Puxian Min	Xianyou	汝
Central Min	Yong'an	你
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	你
	Sanming (Shaxian)	你
	Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping)	你
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	𫣴
	Guangze	𫣴
	Mingxi	你
	Shunchang	你
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	汝
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	汝
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	你
Shehua	Fu'an	你
	Fuding	你
	Luoyuan	你
	Sanming	你
	Shunchang	你
	Hua'an	你
	Guixi (Zhangping)	你
	Cangnan	你
	Jingning (Hexi)	你
	Lishui	你
	Longyou	你
	Chaozhou	你
	Fengshun	你
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	你
Wu	Shanghai	儂
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	是奴
	Shanghai (Jiading)	儂, 甚, 恆儂
	Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)	儂
	Shanghai (Chongming)	爾
	Suzhou	倷
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	㑚
	Wuxi	你
	Changshu	儂
	Kunshan	能
	Nantong (Haimen)	你
	Jiaxing	你
	Jiashan	你
	Pinghu	爾儂
	Haining (Yanguan)	儂, 你
	Tongxiang	儂
	Haiyan	你
	Changzhou	你
	Danyang	爾
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	你
	Huzhou	是爾
	Changxing	是爾
	Anji	爾
	Deqing	爾
	Hangzhou	你
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	儂, 是儂, 爾, 是爾
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	儂, 是儂
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	儂, 你, 爾, 是爾
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	爾
	Tonglu	你, 是你
	Shaoxing	諾
	Zhuji	你
	Shengzhou	儂
	Xinchang	爾, 奶
	Ningbo	諾, 爾, 爾諾
	Ningbo (Zhenhai)	諾
	Ningbo (Fenghua)	儂, 爾
	Yuyao	儂
	Cixi	儂
	Xiangshan	爾, 像爾
	Ninghai	爾, 爾儂
	Zhoushan	儂
	Taizhou (Huangyan)	爾
	Tiantai	爾
	Xianju	爾
	Sanmen	爾
	Linhai	爾
	Wenling	爾
	Wenzhou	你
	Yueqing	你
	Yongjia (Fenglin)	你
	Pingyang	你
	Taishun	你
	Wencheng	你
	Lishui	你
	Qingtian	你
	Jinyun	你, 定你
	Wuyi (Liucheng)	爾
	Songyang (Xiping)	你
	Yunhe	你
	Jingning	你
	Qingyuan	你
	Longquan	你
	Quzhou	你
Suichang	你
Jiangshan	你
Changshan	爾
Kaihua	你
Longyou	你, 你儂
Jinhua	儂
Jinhua (Tangxi)	爾, 爾儂
Yiwu	儂
Yongkang	爾
Pujiang	爾
Dongyang	爾
Wuyi	儂
Lanxi	爾, 爾儂
Shangrao	爾儂
Shangrao (Guangfeng)	爾
Yushan	恁
Xiang	Changsha	你
	Xiangtan	你
	Loudi	你
	Shuangfeng	你
Note	†: honorific

Related terms

(ACG) 桑 (sāng, “-san”), 醬／酱 (jiàng, “-chan”), 炭 (tàn, “-tan”), 樣／样 (yàng, “-sama”)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (君):

→ Japanese: 君(くん) (kun)
→ Korean: 군(君) (gun)
→ Vietnamese: quân (君)

Japanese

Kanji

君

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

king, lord, ruler
person of high rank
form of address to fellow colleagues or inferiors

Readings

Go-on: くん (kun, Jōyō)
Kan-on: くん (kun, Jōyō)
Kun: きみ (kimi, 君, Jōyō)
Nanori: きん (kin)、すえ (sue)、なお (nao)、よし (yoshi)

Compounds

君(くん)子(し) (kunshi)
君(くん)主(しゅ) (kunshu)
君(くん)側(そく) (kunsoku): vicinity of a lord
君(くん)辺(ぺん) (kunpen): vicinity of a lord
君(くん)王(のう) (kunnō)
君(くん)臨(りん) (kunrin)
暗(あん)君(くん) (ankun)
貴(き)君(くん) (kikun)
厳(げん)君(くん) (genkun)
細(さい)君(くん), 妻(さい)君(くん) (saikun)
主(しゅ)君(くん) (shukun)
諸(しょ)君(くん) (shokun)
神(しん)君(くん) (shinkun)
大(たい)君(くん) (taikun)
夫(ふ)君(くん) (fukun)
父(ふ)君(くん) (fukun)
暴(ぼう)君(くん) (bōkun)
名(めい)君(くん) (meikun)
明(めい)君(くん) (meikun)
幼(よう)君(くん) (yōkun)
郎(ろう)君(くん) (rōkun)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
君
きみ Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
公 (uncommon)

⟨ki₁mi₁⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/

From Old Japanese. Possibly a borrowing from the Sillan word for king, written with the character 今 (kum).^[1] The same morpheme survives in the second syllable of the Modern Korean word 임금 (imgeum).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きみ [kìmí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [kʲimʲi]

Noun

君(きみ) • (kimi)

a ruler of a country
1. an emperor
  Synonyms: 天子 (tenshi), 天皇 (tennō)
2. a lord
Antonym: 臣 (omi)
a master
Synonyms: 主君 (shukun), 主人 (shujin)
a nobleman or other person of high(er) rank
(historical, archaic) a prostitute
(historical) one of the hereditary titles bestowed to local chiefs in ancient Japan

Derived terms

大(おお)君(きみ) (ōkimi)
君(きみ)が代(よ) (kimigayo)

Pronoun

君(きみ) or 君(キミ) • (kimi)

(informal, chiefly men's speech) second-person personal pronoun: you, thou
- 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 669; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 50)
  君(きみ)がため惜(を)しからざりし命(いのち)さへ長(なが)くもがなと思(おも)ひけるかな
  kimi ga tama oshikarazarishi inochi sae nagaku mogana to omoikeru kana
  I thought I would give up my life to hold you in my arms, but after a night together, I find myself wishing that I could live for ever.^[4]
- 2000 September 18, Inokuma, Shinobu, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート)１(いち)　雨(あめ)のち… [Part 1: After the Rain…]”, in SALAD(サラダ) DAYS(デイズ) [Salad Days], volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 110:
  
  俺(おれ)は別(べつ)にいいけど…キミ、学(がっ)校(こう)で「知(し)らない人(ひと)について行(い)っちゃダメ」とか、教(おそ)わんなかった？
  Ore wa betsu ni ii kedo… Kimi, gakkō de “shiranai hito ni tsuite itcha dame” to ka, osowan nakatta?
  Fine by me… But haven’t you been taught at school that “you shouldn’t go anywhere with strangers”?
- 2005 November 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 9, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
  
  来(く)るぞ　カズキ！手(て)を放(はな)すな！キミと私(わたし)は一(いっ)心(しん)同(どう)体(たい)　キミが死(し)ぬ時(とき)が私(わたし)が死(し)ぬ時(とき)だ！
  Kuru zo Kazuki! Te o hanasu na! Kimi to watashi wa isshin dōtai Kimi ga shinu toki ga watashi ga shinu toki da!
  Incoming, Kazuki! Don’t let go! You and me, together as one. When you die, I die!
1. (after a が (ga) or の (no) particle) term of respect to another person

Usage notes

When used in lyrics and poetry, this word is considered less colloquial and more poetic than in spoken language.

Etymology 2

The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Suffix

君(ぎみ) • (-gimi)

indicates respect
父(ちち)君(ぎみ)
chichi-gimi
your father

Usage notes

There is no direct translation in English – as with other Japanese honorifics, it might roughly correspond to dear, as in “your dear father”.
Respectful suffixes also serve to indicate whose relative is in question: rather than “my father” and “your father”, one would say 父 (chichi, “father”) and 父君 (chichi-gimi, “dear father”).
Used of nobles. Attaches to close family relationship nouns such as 母 (haha, “mother”), 姉 (ane, “sister”), 姫 (hime, “daughter of a noble family, princess”).

Derived terms

父君(ちちぎみ) (chichi-gimi)
父君(ててぎみ) (tete-gimi)
姫君(ひめぎみ) (hime-gimi)
若君(わかぎみ) (wakagimi)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
君
くん Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 君 (MC kjun).

Suffix

君(くん) • (-kun)

suffix for boys' names
indicates respect
- 1999 January 7, Kenshi Hirokane, “議その166　「決戦投票」 [Debate 166: ‘Final Vote’]”, in 加治隆介の議 [Kaji Ryūsuke’s Debates], volume 20 (fiction), Tōkyō: Kōdansha, →ISBN, page 43:
  発表致します　平原和正君　二五一票　鈴鹿宏君　二二七票　白票　二二票
  Happyō itashimasu Hirahara Kazumasa-kun nihyakugojūippō Suzuka Hiroshi-kun nihyakunijūnanahyō Hakuhyō nijūnihyō
  Announcement. Mr. Hirahara Kazumasa: 251 votes. Mr. Suzuka Hiroshi: 227 votes. Blanks: 22 votes.
indicates familiarity

Usage notes

-kun is often used as a suffix when calling someone. The listener is lower or the same level in social position and is often, but not always, male.

Descendants

→ English: -kun
→ Chinese:
→ Mandarin: 君 (jūn)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
君
きんじ Grade: 3

/kimud͡ʑi/ → /kind͡ʑi/

Shift from older きむぢ (kimudi → kimuji).^[5]

Pronoun

君(きんじ) • (kinji) ^{←きんぢ (kindi)^?}

second person personal pronoun: you
- 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
  (Fukiage, ge)^[6]
  きんぢ、この手を傳へ施す物ならば、この世になからん世なりとも、訪ひ守らん。
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
  (Kurabiraki, jō)^[7]
  「[...] ある時は「きんぢがつたなく吾を人気なくハ生み出したる」とさへぞの給フや」
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
  (Kuniyuzuri, jō)^[8]
  喜びて、見給ヒて、聲を放ちて「我が親の今々とし給ひしまで「我はきんぢを思ふにぞ黄泉もえ往くまじき。[...]」」
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

^ Ki-Moon, Lee, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language‎^[1], page 59
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Peter MacMillan, translator (2018) One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each: A Treasury of Classical Japanese Verse, Penguin UK, →ISBN
^ “きんじ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
^ Kōno, Tama (c. 970–999) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 10: Utsubo Monogatari 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1959, →ISBN.
^ Kōno, Tama (1961) [circa 970-999] Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 11: Utsubo Monogatari 2 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
^ Kōno, Tama (1962) [circa 970-999] Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 12: Utsubo Monogatari 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 君 (MC kjun).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 군 (Yale: kwun) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean ᄭᅮᆫ (skwun) (Yale: skwun) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kun]
Phonetic hangul: [군]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

君

Wikisource

君 (eumhun 임금 군 (imgeum gun))

hanja form^? of 군 (“sovereign”)
hanja form^? of 군 (“young man; young sir”)

Compounds

군림 (君臨, gullim)
군자 (君子, gunja)
군공 (君公, gun'gong)
군신 (君臣, gunsin)
대군 (大君, daegun)
성군 (聖君, seonggun)
제군 (諸君, jegun)
폭군 (暴君, pokgun)
군주 (君主, gunju)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

君: Hán Nôm readings: quân, vua

sovereign, monarch, ruler, chief, prince

References

Nom Foundation

[1] Ki-Moon, Lee, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language‎^[1], page 59

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[4] Peter MacMillan, translator (2018) One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each: A Treasury of Classical Japanese Verse, Penguin UK, →ISBN

[KDJ2-5] “きんじ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[6] Kōno, Tama (c. 970–999) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 10: Utsubo Monogatari 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1959, →ISBN.

[7] Kōno, Tama (1961) [circa 970-999] Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 11: Utsubo Monogatari 2 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[8] Kōno, Tama (1962) [circa 970-999] Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 12: Utsubo Monogatari 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Related terms

Compounds

Descendants

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Pronoun

Usage notes

Etymology 2

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Suffix

Usage notes

Descendants

Etymology 4

Pronoun

See also

References

Korean

Etymology

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character

References