vua

See also: Appendix:Variations of "vua"

Fijian

Etymology

From Proto-Central Pacific *vua, from Proto-Oceanic *puaq, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buaq, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *buaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buaq, from Proto-Austronesian *buaq.

Noun

vua-na

1. (botany) fruit (seed-bearing part of a plant)

   na vua ni painapiu ― the pineapple fruit

2. (agriculture) harvest, produce (yield of plants)

   Synonym: vua ni qele

   na vua ni qele ― the harvest/agricultural produce (literally, “fruits of the land”)

3. (figurative) fruit, result, outcome

   Na vua ni nodra cakacaka.

   The fruit of their work.

Verb

vua (intransitive)

1. (of plants) to bear fruit, to fruit

   Sa vua mai na moli.

   The citrus is fruiting.

2. (figurative) to be fruitful, to yield results

   Sa vuavuai vinaka na kumunilavo.

   The money collection was very fruitful/successful.

Derived terms

• vakavua (“to conquer (a village or people)”)
• vua ni qele (“harvest, agricultural produce”)
• vuabale (“to overflow”)
• vuavuai (“fruitful, productive”)

References

• Gatty, Ronald (2009), “vua”, in Fijian–English Dictionary‎^[1], Suva, Fiji: Ronald Gatty, →ISBN, page 307

Ido

Etymology

From vu +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vua/

Determiner

vua

1. your: belonging to you (formal, singular)

Mizo

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *wua.

Verb

vua (stem II vuak)

1. to beat, hit
2. to thresh

Further reading

• Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “vua”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society

Pacoh

Etymology

From Vietnamese vua.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vuə/

Noun

vua

1. king

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-dúʊda.

Verb

-vua (infinitive kuvua)

1. Conversive form of -vaa: to undress

Conjugation

Conjugation of -vua
Positive present -navua Subjunctive -vue Negative -vui Imperative singular vua
Infinitives
Positive kuvua Negative kutovua
Imperatives
Singular vua Plural vueni
Tensed forms
Habitual huvua Positive past positive subject concord + -livua Negative past negative subject concord + -kuvua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -navua) Singular Plural 1st person ninavua/navua tunavua 2nd person unavua mnavua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anavua wanavua other classes positive subject concord + -navua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -vui) Singular Plural 1st person sivui hatuvui 2nd person huvui hamvui 3rd person m-wa(I/II) havui hawavui other classes negative subject concord + -vui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tavua Negative future negative subject concord + -tavua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -vue) Singular Plural 1st person nivue tuvue 2nd person uvue mvue 3rd person m-wa(I/II) avue wavue other classes positive subject concord + -vue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sivue Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngevua Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singevua Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalivua Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalivua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -avua) Singular Plural 1st person navua twavua 2nd person wavua mwavua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) avua wavua m-mi(III/IV) wavua yavua ji-ma(V/VI) lavua yavua ki-vi(VII/VIII) chavua vyavua n(IX/X) yavua zavua u(XI) wavua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwavua pa(XVI) pavua mu(XVIII) mwavua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mevua "Already" positive subject concord + -meshavua "Not yet" negative subject concord + -javua "If/When" positive subject concord + -kivua "If not" positive subject concord + -sipovua Consecutive kavua / positive subject concord + -kavua Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kavue
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nivua -tuvua 2nd person -kuvua -wavua/-kuvueni/-wavueni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mvua -wavua m-mi(III/IV) -uvua -ivua ji-ma(V/VI) -livua -yavua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kivua -vivua n(IX/X) -ivua -zivua u(XI) -uvua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuvua pa(XVI) -pavua mu(XVIII) -muvua Reflexive -jivua
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vua- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -vuaye -vuao m-mi(III/IV) -vuao -vuayo ji-ma(V/VI) -vualo -vuayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -vuacho -vuavyo n(IX/X) -vuayo -vuazo u(XI) -vuao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -vuako pa(XVI) -vuapo mu(XVIII) -vuamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vua) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yevua -ovua m-mi(III/IV) -ovua -yovua ji-ma(V/VI) -lovua -yovua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chovua -vyovua n(IX/X) -yovua -zovua u(XI) -ovua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kovua pa(XVI) -povua mu(XVIII) -movua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Passive: -vuliwa (“to be undressed”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-dùba.

Verb

-vua (infinitive kuvua)

1. to fish

Conjugation

Conjugation of -vua
Positive present -navua Subjunctive -vue Negative -vui Imperative singular vua
Infinitives
Positive kuvua Negative kutovua
Imperatives
Singular vua Plural vueni
Tensed forms
Habitual huvua Positive past positive subject concord + -livua Negative past negative subject concord + -kuvua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -navua) Singular Plural 1st person ninavua/navua tunavua 2nd person unavua mnavua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anavua wanavua other classes positive subject concord + -navua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -vui) Singular Plural 1st person sivui hatuvui 2nd person huvui hamvui 3rd person m-wa(I/II) havui hawavui other classes negative subject concord + -vui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tavua Negative future negative subject concord + -tavua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -vue) Singular Plural 1st person nivue tuvue 2nd person uvue mvue 3rd person m-wa(I/II) avue wavue other classes positive subject concord + -vue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sivue Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngevua Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singevua Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalivua Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalivua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -avua) Singular Plural 1st person navua twavua 2nd person wavua mwavua 3rd person m-wa(I/II) avua wavua m-mi(III/IV) wavua yavua ji-ma(V/VI) lavua yavua ki-vi(VII/VIII) chavua vyavua n(IX/X) yavua zavua u(XI) wavua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwavua pa(XVI) pavua mu(XVIII) mwavua
Perfect positive subject concord + -mevua "Already" positive subject concord + -meshavua "Not yet" negative subject concord + -javua "If/When" positive subject concord + -kivua "If not" positive subject concord + -sipovua Consecutive kavua / positive subject concord + -kavua Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kavue
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nivua -tuvua 2nd person -kuvua -wavua/-kuvueni/-wavueni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mvua -wavua m-mi(III/IV) -uvua -ivua ji-ma(V/VI) -livua -yavua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kivua -vivua n(IX/X) -ivua -zivua u(XI) -uvua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuvua pa(XVI) -pavua mu(XVIII) -muvua Reflexive -jivua
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vua- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -vuaye -vuao m-mi(III/IV) -vuao -vuayo ji-ma(V/VI) -vualo -vuayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -vuacho -vuavyo n(IX/X) -vuayo -vuazo u(XI) -vuao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -vuako pa(XVI) -vuapo mu(XVIII) -vuamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vua) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yevua -ovua m-mi(III/IV) -ovua -yovua ji-ma(V/VI) -lovua -yovua ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chovua -vyovua n(IX/X) -yovua -zovua u(XI) -ovua see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kovua pa(XVI) -povua mu(XVIII) -movua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • mvuvi (“fisherman”)
  • uvuaji (“fishing”)
  • uvuvi (“fishing”)

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

• (North Central Vietnam) bua (no lenition)

Etymology

Based on the Vietic cognates and Nôm philologist evidence, the proto-Vietnamese form *t-puə can be reconstructed.

Cognate with Chut [Mày] tapuo¹, Muong [Mãn Đức] pua. Compare North Central Vietnamese bua (without lenition) and phân bua. Compare also Mang pua² and Tai Dam ꪜꪺ, both of which derived from an older form of Vietnamese.

Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經; c. 12th cent.) and Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集; c. 15th cent.) as 𢃊, composed of 司 (MC si) + 布 (MC puH) (modern SV: tư bố). Attested as Northern Middle Vietnamese ꞗua (“king”) (already undergone lenition) in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

See also the posthumous title of Phùng Hưng, 布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang) (modern SV: Bố Cái Đại Vương), with the first two characters rendering words ancestral to modern vua ("monarch") and cái (“great”), equivalent to the Chinese 大王 next to it, i.e. the title is the phrase "great king/monarch" written in two languages.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [vuə˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [vuə˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [vuə˧˧] ~ [juə˧˧]

• Audio (Saigon):

  (file)

Noun

vua • (𤤰, 𢃊, 𪻟) (classifier vị, nhà, ông)

1. monarch (ruler)

   đức vua ― the king (respectful)

   • Phan Châu Trinh Đạo đức và luân lí Đông Tây [Eastern and Western Ideas on Morality and Ethics]:

     Một nước bao nhiêu triệu dân mà chỉ giao phó quyền chính cho một ông vua thì chẳng là ngu xuẩn lắm ư? Gặp được ông vua thông minh còn e lo chưa hết bổn phận thay, huống là gặp phải anh vua u mê làm ròng những sự độc ác, cấm dân có ăn học không được lo việc nước, thì dân có ăn học không được lo việc nước, thì dân khốn khổ biết bao, và còn có ai dám ra mà gánh vác. Một nhà không ai lo chủ trương, một nước không ai lo chủ trương, thì nhà nước ấy làm sao không tan không mất được.

     A country with millions of subjects under the rule of a single monarch, does that not sound foolish? It's not even guaranteed a bright monarch can rule to his full capacity, so if there's a dim monarch who indulges in cruelty, who bans his educated subjects from contributing, those subjects can't contribute, everyone suffers, who would be willing to take responsibility then? A home without anyone taking charge, a country without anyone taking charge, is it surprising that it falls?

vua (classifier con, quân)

1. (chess) king

Usage notes

• This word is usually translated as "king", but in East Asian historical contexts, kings and queens such as Hùng Vương (雄王, “Hùng King”), Trưng Vương (徵王, “Queen (Regnant) Trưng”); some sorts of "lords" such as Lạc Long Quân (雒龍君, “Dragon Lord Lạc”); and emperors and empresses such as Mai Hắc Đế (梅黑帝, “Black Emperor Mai”), Lí Nam Đế (李南帝, “Southern Emperor Lí”), Lí Chiêu Hoàng (李昭皇, “Bright Empress (Regnant) Lí”) have all been generically referred to as vua. Effectively, this word is an umbrella term for different kinds of monarchs, such as vương/quốc vương (“king; sultan”), hoàng/đế/hoàng đế.
• Except the Emperor of Japan (thiên hoàng (literally “Heavenly Emperor”) or Nhật hoàng (literally “Japanese Emperor”)), tsars (sa hoàng (literally “Tsar Emperor”) or (Nga hoàng (literally “Russian emperor”)) and female monarchs (nữ hoàng (“queen regnant”, literally “empress regnant”)), most modern monarchs are called quốc vương.

Derived terms

• anh chột làm vua xứ mù
• bánh vua
• Các Vua
• cờ vua
• làm vua làm chúa
• phép vua thua lệ làng
• thằng chột làm vua xứ mù
• thắng làm vua, thua làm giặc
• vua chúa
• vua cờ
• vua quan
• vua tôi

Adjective

vua • (𤤰, 𢃊, 𪻟)

1. (of an insect) being a king

   mối vua ― a king termite

   ong vua ― a drone

Descendants

• → Pacoh: vua

See also

• quốc vương
• chúa
• thợ
• lính