李

See also: 季

李 U+674E, 李 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-674E ← 杍 [U+674D] CJK Unified Ideographs 杏 → [U+674F]

Translingual

Han character

李 (radical 75 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木弓木 (DND), four-corner 4040₇, composition ⿱木子)

References

• KangXi: page 511, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14459
• Dae Jaweon: page 895, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1162, character 8
• Unihan data for U+674E

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		李

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 李
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (子) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
孜	*ʔslɯ
仔	*ʔslɯ, *ʔslɯʔ
孖	*ʔslɯ, *zlɯs
子	*ʔslɯʔ
虸	*ʔslɯʔ
耔	*ʔslɯʔ
秄	*ʔslɯʔ
杍	*ʔslɯʔ
籽	*ʔslɯʔ
字	*zlɯs
茡	*zlɯs
芓	*zlɯs
牸	*zlɯs
李	*rɯʔ

Oracle bone script: Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯʔ): phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ, “fruit”) + semantic 子. The phonetic part 來 became gradually corrupted to yield 木 (“tree”).

Shuowen erroneously remarks that this is a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯʔ): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǐ (li³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lí
• Min Dong (BUC): lī
• Min Nan (POJ): lí
• Wu (Wiktionary): li (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ
    • Wade-Giles: lih³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lii
    • IPA ^(key): /li²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lei⁵
    • Yale: léih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: léi⁵
    • IPA ^(key): /lei̯¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lí
    • Hakka Romanization System: li`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: li³
    • IPA: /li³¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lī
    • IPA ^(key): /l̃i³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
    • Tâi-lô: lí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /li⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /li⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /li⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: li (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /li²³/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 李
Mandarin	Beijing	/li²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/li²¹³/
	Tianjin	/li¹³/
	Jinan	/li⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/li⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/li⁵³/
	Xi'an	/li⁵³/
	Xining	/l̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/li⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/li⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/li⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ni⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ni⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ni⁴²/
	Kunming	/li⁵³/
	Nanjing	/li²¹²/
	Hefei	/zz̩²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/li⁵³/
	Pingyao	/li⁵³/
	Hohhot	/li⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/li²³/
	Suzhou	/li³¹/
	Hangzhou	/li⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/lei³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/li³⁵/
	Tunxi	/li²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/li⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/ni⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/li²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/li³¹/
	Taoyuan	/li³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lei²³/
	Nanning	/li²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/lei¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/li⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/li³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/li²¹/ /sɛ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/li⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/li²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /lɨ^X/▼

Rime
Character	李
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	良士切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/lieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨX/
Li Rong	/liəX/
Wang Li	/lĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/liX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǐ

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*C.rəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	李
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ liX ›
Old Chinese	/*C.rəʔ/
English	plum
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	李
Reading #	1/1
No.	17869
Phonetic component	子
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	里
Old Chinese	/*rɯʔ/

Definitions

李

1. plum (tree and fruit)
2. (astronomy) Zeta Virginis
3. ^† Alternative form of 理 (lǐ, “judge; justice”).
4. A surname​, listed fourth in the Baijiaxing

Usage notes

In mainland China or among its expatriates, this name is generally romanized "Li" in accordance with the Hanyu Pinyin system. Although an identical transliteration is used in Wade-Giles, similarity to the English name has made the romanization "Lee" more common in Hong Kong and Taiwan. A notable example to this is Bruce Lee.

Descendants

• English: Li, Lee
• Tagalog: (from Hokkien) Sy

Compounds

• 僵李代桃
• 公門桃李／公门桃李
• 凡桃俗李
• 呼張喚李／呼张唤李
• 夭桃穠李／夭桃秾李
• 夭桃襛李
• 小李
• 張三李四／张三李四 (zhāngsān-lǐsì)
• 張冠李戴／张冠李戴 (zhāngguānlǐdài)
• 張王李趙／张王李赵
• 投桃報李／投桃报李 (tóutáobàolǐ)
• 方桃譬李
• 李下
• 李下無蹊／李下无蹊
• 李下瓜田 (lǐxiàguātián)
• 李代桃僵 (lǐdàitáojiāng)
• 李劉馬夏／李刘马夏
• 李唐
• 李子 (lǐzi)

• 李廣射虎／李广射虎
• 李廣難封／李广难封
• 李思訓碑／李思训碑
• 李杜 (Lǐ-Dù)
• 李爾王／李尔王
• 李耳
• 李膺門／李膺门
• 李郭同舟
• 李靖
• 桃來李答／桃来李答
• 桃李 (táolǐ)
• 桃李之教
• 桃李滿門／桃李满门
• 桃李爭妍／桃李争妍
• 桃李爭輝／桃李争辉
• 桃李門牆／桃李门墙
• 檇李／槜李
• 歐李／欧李
• 正冠李下

• 比張比李／比张比李
• 沉李浮瓜
• 浮瓜沉李
• 濃桃豔李／浓桃艳李
• 牛李黨爭／牛李党争
• 瓜李之嫌
• 瓜田李下 (guātiánlǐxià)
• 色豔桃李／色艳桃李
• 苦李
• 行李 (xínglǐ)
• 行李箱 (xínglǐxiāng)
• 行李袋
• 豔如桃李／艳如桃李
• 賣李鑽核／卖李钻核
• 道傍李
• 道傍苦李
• 郁李 (yùlǐ)
• 鐵拐李／铁拐李
• 門牆桃李／门墙桃李

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Japanese

Kanji

李

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. plum

Readings

• Goon: り (ri)
• Kan’on: り (ri)
• Kun: すもも (sumomo, 李)
• Nanori: もも (momo); い (i)

Noun

李 (hiragana すもも, rōmaji sumomo)

1. plum (Prunus salicina)

Alternative forms

• 酸桃

Proper noun

李 (katakana リ, hiragana り, rōmaji Ri)

1. Japanese reading of the Chinese or Korean surname.

李 (katakana リー, hiragana りい, rōmaji Rī)

1. Japanese reading of the Chinese surname.

李 (katakana イ, hiragana い, rōmaji I)

1. Japanese reading of the South Korean surname.

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Korean

Hanja

李 • (ri, i)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 리, 이 (revised: Lee, (NK) ri, Rhee, (SK) i, I, McCune-Reischauer: (NK) ri, (SK) i, Yi, Yale: (NK) li, (SK) i)
  • Name (hangeul): 자두(Jadu)

1. (North Korea) 리, (South Korea) 이: the second most common surname in Korea
2. (North Korea) 리, (South Korea) 이: plum

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Vietnamese

Han character

李 (lí, lý)

1. A Vietnamese family name.
2. An unisex given name.

References

• Nom Foundation