梨

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梨 U+68A8, 梨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68A8
← 梧
[U+68A7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 梩 →
[U+68A9]
梨 U+F9E2, 梨
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E2
← 李
[U+F9E1] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 泥 →
[U+F9E3]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

梨 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓木 (HND) or X竹弓木 (XHND), four-corner 22904, composition ⿱利木)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 530, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14873
  • Dae Jaweon: page 918, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1215, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+68A8

Chinese[edit]

trad. 梨
simp. # 梨
alternative forms 棃
梸

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 梨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
犁 *riːl, *ril
黎 *riːl
莉 *riːl, *r'il, *r'i
黧 *riːl
鯬 *riːl, *ril
筣 *riːl, *ri
蔾 *riːl, *ril
藜 *riːl
邌 *riːl
瓈 *riːl
鵹 *rel
棃 *ril
梨 *ril
蟍 *ril
蜊 *ril
鑗 *ril
利 *rids
痢 *rids
浰 *riːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ril): phonetic 利 (OC *rids) + semantic 木.

Etymology[edit]

Unknown. Also found in Proto-Hmong-Mien *rəj; folk etymology derives this from 利 (OC *rids, “sharp”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • lì - “pear”;
  • lài - used in 黃梨.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • lâi - vernacular;
    • lê - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 梨
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 來 (37)
    Final (韻) 脂 (15)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 力脂切
    Baxter lij
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/liɪ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/li/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ljɪ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/li/
    Li
    Rong         		/li/
    Wang
    Li         		/li/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/li/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		lí
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		lei4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 梨
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		lí
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ lij ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.r[ə][j]/
    English pear tree, pear

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 梨
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7891
    Phonetic
    component         		利
    Rime
    group         		脂
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		棃
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ril/
    Notes 同棃見漢書子虛賦

    Definitions[edit]

    梨

    梨

    1. pear (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 隻／只 c)
    2. † Alternative form of 剺 (lí, “to cut”)

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 梨 (“pear”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 梨
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 梨, 梨子
    Taxonomic name 梨
    Mandarin Beijing 梨
    Taiwan 梨子
    Tianjin 梨
    Tangshan 梨
    Cangzhou 梨
    Baoding 梨
    Shijiazhuang 梨
    Chifeng 梨
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 梨
    Harbin 梨
    Shenyang 梨
    Yantai (Muping) 梨, 洋梨
    Qingdao 梨
    Jinan 梨
    Luoyang 梨
    Wanrong 梨
    Zhengzhou 梨
    Xi'an 梨
    Yinchuan 梨
    Lanzhou 梨
    Xining 梨兒, 梨
    Ürümqi 香梨, 梨子, 梨
    Wuhan 梨子, 梨
    Chengdu 梨兒, 梨子
    Chongqing 梨兒
    Guiyang 梨, 梨子
    Kunming 梨兒
    Guilin 梨子
    Liuzhou 梨子, 沙梨
    Xuzhou 梨, 梨子
    Yangzhou 梨子, 梨
    Nanjing 梨
    Hefei 梨子, 梨
    Nantong 梨子
    Singapore 梨
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 梨兒
    Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 梨
    Dagudi (Maliba) 梨果
    Reshuitang (Longling) 梨果
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 梨果
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 梨
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 梨果兒
    Cantonese Guangzhou 梨
    Hong Kong 梨
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 梨
    Macau 梨
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 梨
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 梨
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 梨
    Foshan 梨
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 梨
    Foshan (Shunde) 梨
    Foshan (Sanshui) 梨
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 梨
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 梨
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 梨
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 梨
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 梨
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 梨
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 梨
    Taishan 梨
    Kaiping (Chikan) 梨
    Enping (Niujiang) 梨
    Heshan (Yayao) 梨
    Dongguan 梨
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 梨
    Yangjiang 梨
    Danzhou 梨
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 梨
    Gan Nanchang 梨
    Lichuan 梨仔
    Pingxiang 梨子
    Hakka Meixian 梨仔
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 梨
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 梨
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 梨
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 梨
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 梨
    Wengyuan 梨
    Liannan 梨
    Conghua (Lütian) 梨
    Jiexi 梨
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 梨
    Changting 梨哩
    Wuping (Yanqian) 梨子
    Ninghua 梨子
    Yudu 梨
    Ningdu 梨子
    Tonggu (Sandu) 梨
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 梨
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 梨仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 梨仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 梨仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 梨
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 梨仔
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 梨
    Hong Kong 梨
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 梨
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 梨
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 梨
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 梨
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 梨
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 梨
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 梨
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 梨
    Mengshan (Xihe) 梨果
    Luchuan 梨
    Senai (Huiyang) 梨
    Huizhou Jixi 梨
    Shexian 雪梨
    Jin Taiyuan 梨兒
    Xinzhou 梨兒
    Linhe 梨
    Jining 梨
    Hohhot 梨
    Zhangjiakou 梨
    Handan 梨兒
    Min Bei Jian'ou 梨
    Min Dong Fuzhou 梨
    Min Nan Xiamen 梨仔
    Quanzhou 梨仔
    Zhangzhou 梨仔
    Zhao'an 梨仔
    Taipei 梨仔
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 梨仔
    Kaohsiung 梨仔
    Yilan 梨仔
    Changhua (Lukang) 梨仔
    Taichung 梨仔
    Tainan 梨仔
    Hsinchu 梨仔
    Kinmen 梨
    Penghu (Magong) 梨仔
    Penang (Hokkien) 梨仔
    Singapore (Hokkien) 梨
    Manila (Hokkien) 梨仔
    Chaozhou 梨
    Bangkok (Teochew) 梨
    Chiang Mai (Teochew) 梨
    Hat Yai (Teochew) 梨
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 梨
    Singapore (Teochew) 梨
    Wenchang 梨
    Puxian Min Putian 梨
    Putian (Donghai) 梨
    Putian (Jiangkou) 梨
    Putian (Nanri) 梨
    Xianyou 梨
    Xianyou (Fengting) 梨
    Xianyou (Youyang) 梨
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 梨
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 梨
    Wu Shanghai 生梨
    Shanghai (Chongming) 水梨
    Suzhou 梨
    Danyang 梨子
    Hangzhou 梨兒
    Ningbo 梨頭
    Wenzhou 消梨
    Jinhua 梨, 梨兒
    Xiang Changsha 梨子
    Loudi 梨子
    Shuangfeng 梨子

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    • → Malay: lai (“pear”)
    • → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *rəj (“pear”)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    梨

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. pear

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    梨 (nashi, ri, rin: the tree) and the fruit.
    Kanji in this term
    梨
    なし
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. Derivation unclear, with numerous theories. Two of the more common are given below.

    • May be originally a compound of 中 (na, “middle, center”, hypothesized root of modern naka) +‎ 白 (shiro, “white”) in reference to the pale flesh of the fruit.
    */na ɕiro/ → /naɕi/
    • Alternatively, may be originally a compound of 中 (na, “middle, center”, hypothesized root of modern naka) +‎ 酢 (su, “sour, acidic”) in reference to the way the flavor of the fruit becomes more astringent closer to the core.
    */na su/ → /naɕi/

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    梨(なし) • (nashi) 

    1. a pear tree
    2. a pear (the fruit)
    3. more specifically, a Japanese pear or Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
    Usage notes[edit]

    As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ナシ.

    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    梨
    り
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 梨 (*li). Compare modern Mandarin reading lí.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    梨(り) • (ri) 

    1. a pear tree
    2. a pear (the fruit)
    3. more specifically, a Japanese pear or Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    梨
    りん
    Grade: 4
    kan’yōon

    Alteration of ri reading.

    /ri/ → /rin/

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    梨(りん) • (rin) 

    1. pear
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    梨 (eumhun 배나무 리 (baenamu ri), South Korea 배나무 이 (baenamu i))

    1. Hanja form? of 리/이 (“pear tree”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    梨: Hán Nôm readings: lê, lệ

    1. chữ Hán form of lê (“pear”).
    2. chữ Hán form of lệ (“pear”).
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