泥

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泥 U+6CE5, 泥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CE5
← 泤
[U+6CE4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 泦 →
[U+6CE6]
泥 U+F9E3, 泥
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E3
← 梨
[U+F9E2] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 理 →
[U+F9E4]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

泥 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水尸心 (ESP), four-corner 37111, composition ⿰氵尼)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 617, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17311
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1595, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6CE5

Chinese[edit]

trad. 泥
simp. # 泥
alternative forms
 
坭
埿
𡊴
𡌰
𢇀
坭
埿
𡊴
𡌰
𢇀
𥩥

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 泥
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (尼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
泥 *niːl, *niːls
屔 *niːl
苨 *niːlʔ
坭 *niːlʔ
迡 *niːls
埿 *braːms, *niːl, *niːls
旎 *nilʔ
狔 *nilʔ
抳 *nilʔ
尼 *nil
呢 *nil
怩 *nil
柅 *nil, *nilʔ
蚭 *nil
跜 *nil
秜 *nil
痆 *rniːd
昵 *niɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *niːl, *niːls): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil).

Etymology 1[edit]

Schuessler (2007) suggests it is of Sino-Tibetan origin and compares it to Lai [script needed] (nôoy-I, nǒoy-II, “be muddy”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Kuki-Chin *nooy ~ *naay (“muddy; dirty”). According to Schuessler (2007), 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”) is also cognate with 濘 (OC *neːŋs) but not with 涅 (OC *niːɡ), and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːls, “impeded”).

On the other hand, STEDT compares 泥 (OC *niːl, *niːls) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njak (“filth(y); excrement”), to which 敜 (OC *nɯːb) and 涅 (OC *niːɡ) are also compared.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • nài/nai2 - colloquial;
  • nì/ni2 - literary.
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • nî/lî - vernacular;
    • lê/nê - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 泥
    Mandarin Beijing /ni³⁵/
    Harbin /ni²⁴/
    Tianjin /ni⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ȵi⁴²/
    Qingdao /ni⁴²/
    /mi⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ni⁴²/
    Xi'an /ni²⁴/
    Xining /mji²⁴/
    Yinchuan /mi⁵³/
    /ni⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ȵi⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ȵi⁵¹/
    Wuhan /ni²¹³/
    Chengdu /ȵi³¹/
    Guiyang /ni²¹/
    Kunming /ni³¹/
    Nanjing /li²⁴/
    Hefei /mz̩⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /ni¹¹/ ～皮
    /ni⁴⁵/ ～匠
    Pingyao /ȵi¹³/ ～牆牆
    /ȵi³⁵/ ～匠
    Hohhot /ni³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
    Suzhou /ȵi¹³/
    Hangzhou /ȵi²¹³/
    Wenzhou /ȵi³¹/
    Hui Shexian /ni⁴⁴/
    Tunxi /ȵie⁴⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /ȵi¹³/
    Xiangtan /ȵi¹²/
    Gan Nanchang /ȵi⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /nai¹¹/
    /ni¹¹/
    Taoyuan /nɑi¹¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /nɐi²¹/
    Nanning /nɐi²¹/
    Hong Kong /nɐi²¹/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ne³⁵/
    /ni³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /nɛ⁵³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ni²¹/
    /nai³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /nĩ⁵⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ni³¹/
    Rime
    Character 泥
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
    Final (韻) 齊 (39)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 奴低切
    Baxter nej
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/nei/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/nei/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/nɛi/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/nɛj/
    Li
    Rong         		/nei/
    Wang
    Li         		/niei/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/niei/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		ní
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		nai4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 泥
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		ní
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nej ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.nˁ[əj]/
    English mud

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 泥
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 9417
    Phonetic
    component         		尼
    Rime
    group         		脂
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		泥
    Old
    Chinese         		/*niːl/

    Definitions[edit]

    泥

    1. mud (Classifier: 嚿 c; 坺 c)
      滿腳是泥／满脚是泥  ―  mǎn jiǎo shì ní  ―  mud all over one's feet
      軟泥／软泥  ―  ruǎnní  ―  soft mud
      泥娃娃  ―  níwáwá  ―  clay doll
    2. (dialectal) soil; earth
      一嚿泥 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 gau6 nai4 [Jyutping]  ―  a clod of earth
    3. any mush-like substance
      薯泥  ―  shǔní  ―  mashed potato
      泥膠／泥胶  ―  níjiāo  ―  Blu-Tack
      鷹嘴豆泥／鹰嘴豆泥  ―  yīngzuǐdòuní  ―  hummus
    4. (obsolete) paint (used on walls)
    5. An ancient river in modern Hunan
    6. An ancient river in modern Gansu
    7. (obsolete) weak
    8. (Chinese mythology) a kind of animal that lived in sea
    9. a surname
    10. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 泥 (MC nej)
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 泥 (“mud”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 泥
    Mandarin Beijing 泥, 泥巴, 泥巴兒
    Taiwan 泥巴
    Tianjin 泥
    Tangshan 泥
    Baoding 泥, 泥巴
    Shijiazhuang 泥
    Chifeng 泥, 泥巴
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 泥
    Harbin 泥, 泥巴
    Shenyang 泥
    Yantai (Muping) 泥
    Qingdao 泥
    Jinan 泥巴, 泥
    Luoyang 泥巴
    Wanrong 泥
    Zhengzhou 泥
    Xi'an 泥
    Lanzhou 泥, 泥巴
    Xining 泥
    Ürümqi 泥巴
    Wuhan 泥巴
    Chengdu 泥巴
    Chongqing 泥巴
    Guiyang 泥巴
    Kunming 泥, 泥巴
    Guilin 泥巴
    Liuzhou 泥, 泥巴
    Xuzhou 泥
    Yangzhou 泥, 泥巴, 爛泥
    Nanjing 泥, 泥巴
    Hefei 泥巴
    Nantong 泥, 爛泥
    Cantonese Guangzhou 泥
    Hong Kong 泥
    Dongguan 泥
    Yangjiang 泥
    Gan Nanchang 泥巴
    Lichuan 泥
    Hakka Meixian 泥
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 泥
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 泥
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 泥
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 泥沙
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 泥
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 泥
    Huizhou Jixi 泥, 糊泥
    Jin Taiyuan 泥
    Xinzhou 泥
    Linhe 泥
    Jining 泥
    Hohhot 泥
    Zhangjiakou 泥
    Handan 泥
    Min Bei Jian'ou 泥
    Min Dong Fuzhou 塗
    Min Nan Xiamen 塗
    Quanzhou 塗
    Zhangzhou 塗
    Taipei 塗 GT
    Chaozhou 塗
    Shantou 塗
    Shantou (Chenghai) 塗
    Jieyang 塗
    Haifeng 塗
    Leizhou 塗
    Haikou 塗
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 泥
    Wu Shanghai 爛泥, 爛糊泥
    Suzhou 爛泥, 爛污泥
    Danyang 泥, 爛泥
    Hangzhou 泥巴, 爛污泥, 爛泥
    Ningbo 爛污泥, 淖泥, 爛泥
    Wenzhou 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥
    Jinhua 泥, 糊泥
    Xiang Changsha 泥巴
    Loudi 泥巴
    Shuangfeng 泥巴
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
    Dialectal synonyms of 土 (“earth; soil (dry)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 土
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 土
    Mandarin Beijing 土
    Harbin 土
    Jinan 土, 土拉
    Wuhan 泥巴
    Chengdu 泥巴
    Guiyang 泥巴
    Guilin 土
    Liuzhou 泥, 泥巴
    Yangzhou 泥, 爛泥
    Hefei 土
    Cantonese Guangzhou 泥
    Hong Kong 泥
    Dongguan 泥
    Yangjiang 泥
    Beihai 泥
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 土
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 土
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 土, 泥
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 泥
    Móng Cái 土, 泥
    Gan Nanchang 泥巴, 土
    Hakka Meixian 泥
    Xingning 泥
    Huidong (Daling) 泥
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 泥
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 泥
    Changting 泥
    Wuping 泥
    Wuping (Pingyu) 泥
    Liancheng 泥
    Ruijin 泥, 那泥
    Shicheng 泥
    Shangyou (Shexi) 泥
    Huizhou Jixi 糊泥
    Jin Taiyuan 土
    Xinzhou 土
    Min Bei Jian'ou 泥
    Songxi 泥
    Zhenghe 泥
    Jianyang 泥
    Wuyishan 泥
    Min Dong Fuzhou 塗
    Changle 塗
    Lianjiang 塗
    Fuqing 塗
    Pingtan 塗
    Yongtai 塗
    Minqing 塗
    Gutian 塗
    Pingnan 塗
    Luoyuan 塗
    Fu'an 塗
    Ningde 塗
    Xiapu 塗
    Zherong 塗
    Shouning 塗
    Zhouning 塗
    Fuding 塗
    Min Nan Xiamen 塗
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 塗
    Quanzhou 塗
    Jinjiang 塗
    Nan'an 塗
    Shishi 塗
    Hui'an 塗
    Anxi 塗
    Yongchun 塗
    Dehua 塗
    Zhangzhou 塗
    Zhangzhou (Longhai) 塗
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 塗
    Hua'an 塗
    Nanjing 塗
    Pinghe 塗
    Zhangpu 塗
    Yunxiao 塗
    Zhao'an 塗
    Dongshan 塗
    Kinmen 塗
    Manila (Hokkien) 塗
    Longyan 塗
    Zhangping 塗
    Datian 塗
    Chaozhou 塗
    Shantou 塗
    Shantou (Chenghai) 塗
    Jieyang 塗
    Leizhou 塗
    Wenchang 塗
    Haikou 塗
    Puxian Min Putian 塗
    Xianyou 塗
    Min Zhong Yong'an 泥
    Sanyuan 泥
    Shaxian 泥
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 泥
    Wu Shanghai 爛泥, 爛糊泥
    Shanghai (Chongming) 爛泥
    Suzhou 爛泥, 硬爛泥
    Danyang 爛泥
    Hangzhou 爛污泥
    Ningbo 淖泥, 爛泥
    Wenzhou 爛污泥, 爛污泥兒, 爛泥, 泥
    Jinhua 糊泥, 泥
    Xiang Changsha 泥巴
    Xiangxiang 土
    Shuangfeng 土

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Schuessler (2007) suggests it is the exopassive derivation of 敜 (OC *nɯːb, “to stop up”) or 涅 (OC *niːɡ, “to stop up”) and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Rime
    Character 泥
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
    Final (韻) 齊 (39)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 奴計切
    Baxter nejH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/neiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/neiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/nɛiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/nɛjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/neiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/nieiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/nieiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		nì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		nai6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 泥
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		ní
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nejH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nˁər(ʔ)-s/
    English impeded, obstructed (Lunyu)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 泥
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 9421
    Phonetic
    component         		尼
    Rime
    group         		脂
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		泥
    Old
    Chinese         		/*niːls/

    Definitions[edit]

    泥

    1. to hold up; to bog down
    2. to plaster; to cover with plaster
    3. stubborn; obstinate
      拘泥  ―  jūní  ―  to rigidly adhere to
    4. to pester using soft words
    5. to be obsessed with and be reluctant to let go of

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    泥

    1. Only used in 泥泥.

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    泥

    1. Only used in 泥母.

    Etymology 5[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 涅 (“black mud; melanterite; etc.”).
    (This character, 泥, is a variant form of 涅.)

    Etymology 6[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 屔.
    (This character, 泥, is a variant form of 屔.)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    泥

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    泥
    どろ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    Noun[edit]

    泥(どろ) • (doro) 

    1. mud
    Derived terms[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 泥 (MC nej|nejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 니 (ni) (Yale: ni) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    泥 (eumhun 진흙 니 (jinheuk ni), South Korea 진흙 이 (jinheuk i))

    1. Hanja form? of 니/이 (“mud; dirt”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    泥: Hán Nôm readings: nề, nê, nệ, nè, nể, nễ, nơi

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References[edit]

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