理
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
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理 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一土田土 (MGWG), four-corner 16114, composition ⿰王里)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 733, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21014
- Dae Jaweon: page 1145, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1115, character 13
- Unihan data for U+7406
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
理 |
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Glyph origin[edit]
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯʔ): semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ).
According to Shuowen Jiezi, the character meant “to polish jade”. The current meaning “to order, tidy up” may be derived from it.
Etymology[edit]
- "to cut jade, to mark out (field boundaries)"
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-rəj (“draw, mark, boundary”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007); cognate with Apatani a-rí (“boundary”), Mizo ri (“boundary, frontier, border”), Drung bri (“to write”), Mru pri (“to scratch”), Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “to write”), Burmese ရေး (re:, “to write”) & စာရေး (care:, “to write, clerk”). Schuessler glossed its fundamental meaning as "cut in a regular way, divide into equal sections".
- "to regulate"
- STEDT groups this sense "to cut jade, to mark out (field boundaries)"; Schuessler (2007) noted that 理 (lǐ) "to regulate" was often thought to be the same word as 理 (lǐ) "to divide into sections", as the former sense might be derived from the latter.
- "to administer"
- Probably related to 釐 (lí, “to regulate”) (Schuessler, 2007)
- "envoy, jail official, matchmaker"
- Related to 吏 (lì, “official”), 史 (shǐ, “scribe, historian”), and 使 (shì, “ambassador”)
- Possibly the same word as 理 (lǐ) "to administer".
- According to Schuessler (2007), from Austroasiatic; compare Old Khmer re (“to move, change position”) & its derivatives Old Khmer pre (“to send, order, assign, appoint, delegate, use, employ, make”), in turn related to paṃre (“to serve; service, duty; servant, delegate, representative, minister”); with Sino-Tibetan causative *s- corresponding to Khmer causative *p-..
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
理
- (obsolete) to cut and polish jade
- to put in order; to tidy up
- to manage; to run; to handle
- (usually in negative) to pay attention to; to care about
- texture; grain (of wood)
- 肌理 ― jīlǐ ― skin texture
- reason; logic; truth; science
- natural science
- a surname
- (obsolete) envoy; jail-official; matchmaker
Synonyms[edit]
Synonyms of 理
- (to pay attention to):
Dialectal synonyms of 理 (“to be concerned with; to pay attention to”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 理, 管, 睬, 理睬, 理會 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 理, 搭理, 搭咯 |
Taiwan | 理, 管 | |
Jinan | 理, 搭理 | |
Xi'an | 招, 理 | |
Wuhan | 邇, 理, 睬 | |
Chengdu | 理, 睬 | |
Yangzhou | 睬 | |
Hefei | 理, 睬 | |
Singapore | 理, 管 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 睬, 理, 騷 |
Hong Kong | 睬, 理, 騷 | |
Yangjiang | 理, 睬 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 理 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 理, 搭 |
Hakka | Meixian | 睬, 唰 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 理, 理睬 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 理 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 叕, 插 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 插, 插唆, 插潲, 插管, 管待 |
Quanzhou | 插, 插唆, 插潲 | |
Zhangzhou | 插, 插潲, 插管, 管待 | |
Tainan | 插, 管, 管待 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 插潲 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 插, 插潲, 管, 插管, 甩 | |
Chaozhou | 睬 | |
Shantou | 理 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 插 | |
Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 理 |
Wu | Shanghai | 睬, 理 rare |
Suzhou | 理, 睬 | |
Wenzhou | 朝, 理 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 齒 |
Shuangfeng | 齒, 搭, 邇 |
Synonyms of 理
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 理
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
理
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
- Kun: すじ (suji, 理); ことわり (kotowari, 理); おさめる (osameru, 理める)
- Nanori: みち (michi); まろ (maro); まさし (masashi); まこと (makoto); ひ (hi); のり (nori); に (ni); とおる (tōru); ただし (tadashi); さとる (satoru); おさむ (osamu); よし (yoshi); あや (aya)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 学理 (gakuri)
- 楽理 (gakuri)
- 管理 (kanri)
- 棋理 (kiri)
- 義理 (giri)
- 教理 (kyōri)
- 経理 (keiri)
- 原理 (genri)
- 公理 (kōri)
- 合理 (gōri)
- 合理主義 (gōrishugi)
- 合理的 (gōriteki)
- 事理 (jiri)
- 受理 (juri)
- 修理 (shūri)
- 処理 (shori)
- 条理 (jōri)
- 審理 (shinri)
- 心理 (shinri)
- 心理学 (shinrigaku)
- 真理 (shinri)
- 推理 (suiri)
- 性理学 (seirigaku)
- 整理 (seiri)
- 生理 (seiri)
- 摂理 (setsuri)
- 総理 (sōri)
- 代理 (dairi)
- 代理人 (dairinin)
- 大理石 (dairiseki)
- 地理 (chiri)
- 地理学 (chirigaku)
- 調理 (chōri)
- 定理 (teiri)
- 哲理 (tetsuri)
- 天理 (tenri)
- 道理 (dōri)
- 肌理 (kiri)
- 非合理 (higōri)
- 不合理 (fugōri)
- 物理 (butsuri)
- 物理学 (butsurigaku)
- 文理 (bunri)
- 弁理 (benri)
- 無理 (muri)
- 無理数 (murisū)
- 有理数 (yūrisū)
- 理化 (rika)
- 理科 (rika)
- 理解 (rikai)
- 理外 (rigai)
- 理学 (rigaku)
- 理学博士 (rigakuhakushi)
- 理学療法 (rigakuryōhō)
- 理官 (rikan)
- 理気 (riki)
- 理義 (rigi)
- 理屈 (rikutsu)
- 理窟 (rikutsu)
- 理工 (rikō)
- 理債 (riseki)
- 理財 (rizai)
- 理事 (riji)
- 理実 (rijitsu)
- 理数 (risū)
- 理勢 (risei)
- 理性 (risei)
- 理想 (risō)
- 理想郷 (risōkyō)
- 理想主義 (risōshugi)
- 理知 (richi)
- 理念 (rinen)
- 理髪 (rihatsu)
- 理蛮 (riban)
- 理非 (rihi)
- 理不尽 (rifujin)
- 理法 (rihō)
- 理由 (riyū)
- 理容 (riyō)
- 理乱 (riran)
- 理路 (riro)
- 理論 (riron)
- 料理 (ryōri)
- 倫理 (rinri)
- 論理 (ronri)
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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理 |
り Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
Noun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
理 |
ことわり Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 理 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 理, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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理 |
おさむ Grade: 2 |
nanori |
Proper noun[edit]
- a male given name
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 理 (MC lɨX). Recorded as Middle Korean 리〯 (lǐ) (Yale: lǐ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation[edit]
- (initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
- (non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɾi]
- Phonetic hangul: [리]
Hanja[edit]
理 (eumhun 다스릴 리 (daseuril ri), South Korea 다스릴 이 (daseuril i))
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Pai-lang[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja. Compare Old Burmese ရျာ (rya).
Numeral[edit]
理 (*riəʔ)
References[edit]
- Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient[2], volume 103, pages 386—429
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
理: Hán Nôm readings: lí, lẽ, nhẽ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
References[edit]
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading すじ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ことわり
- Japanese kanji with kun reading おさ-める
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まろ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まさし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading まこと
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading のり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading に
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading とおる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ただし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さとる
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading おさむ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading よし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あや
- Japanese terms spelled with 理 read as り
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
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- Japanese terms spelled with 理
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 理 read as ことわり
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with 理 read as おさむ
- Japanese terms read with nanori
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese given names
- Japanese male given names
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean Han characters
- Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable
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