料理
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]material; stuff; grain material; stuff; grain; feed; to expect; to anticipate; to guess |
to manage; to heed; to put in order to manage; to heed; to put in order; reason; logic; science; inner principle or structure | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (料理) | 料 | 理 | |
| simp. #(料理) | 料 | 理 | |
Etymology
[edit]Attestable in imperial Chinese texts.
- “cuisine, art of cooking”
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 料理 (ryōri).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): liu6 lei5
- Hakka
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lieo5 li3
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: liàolǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˋ ㄌㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: liàolǐ
- Wade–Giles: liao4-li3
- Yale: lyàu-lǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liawlii
- Palladius: ляоли (ljaoli)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: liu6 lei5
- Yale: liuh léih
- Cantonese Pinyin: liu6 lei5
- Guangdong Romanization: liu6 léi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /liːu̯²² lei̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liau-lî
- Hakka Romanization System: liau liˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: liau4 li1
- Sinological IPA: /li̯au̯⁵⁵ li²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: liau˖ liˋ
- Sinological IPA: /liau³³ li⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lieo5 li3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lā̤u-lî
- Sinological IPA (key): /lieu¹¹ li⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lieo5 li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /lieu²¹ li³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
Verb
[edit]料理
Synonyms
[edit]- (to arrange):
- (to cook):
Noun
[edit]料理
Usage notes
[edit]There is no exact equivalent for English food in Chinese. The most generic term for food is 食物 (shíwù). Use 食品 (shípǐn) for food products, 菜餚/菜肴 (càiyáo) for dishes of food, 美食 (měishí) when the taste of the food is emphasised and 吃的 (chīde) in colloquial contexts. For food as in cuisine, consider 菜 (cài) or 料理 (liàolǐ).
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- (Min Nan) “料理”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 料 | 理 |
| りょう Grade: 4 |
り Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | |
Alternative forms
[edit]- (honorific) お料理 (o-ryōri)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 料理する
| Plain | 料理する | りょーり・する | [ryóꜜòrì sùrú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 料理して | りょーり・して | [ryóꜜòrì shìté] |
| Perfective | 料理した | りょーり・した | [ryóꜜòrì shìtá] |
| Negative | 料理しない | りょーり・しない | [ryóꜜòrì shìnáí] |
| Negative perfective | 料理しなかった | りょーり・しなかった | [ryóꜜòrì shìnáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 料理すれば | りょーり・すれば | [ryóꜜòrì sùréꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 料理したら | りょーり・したら | [ryóꜜòrì shìtáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 料理しろ 料理せよ |
りょーり・しろ りょーり・せよ |
[ryóꜜòrì shìró] [ryóꜜòrì séꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 料理しよう | りょーり・しよー | [ryóꜜòrì shìyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 料理したい | りょーり・したい | [ryóꜜòrì shìtáí] |
| Formal | 料理します | りょーり・します | [ryóꜜòrì shìmáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 料理しません | りょーり・しません | [ryóꜜòrì shìmáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 料理しましょう | りょーり・しましょー | [ryóꜜòrì shìmáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 料理しました | りょーり・しました | [ryóꜜòrì shìmáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 料理し 料理しに |
りょーり・し りょーり・しに |
[ryóꜜòrì shì] [ryóꜜòrì shì ní] |
| Negative continuative | 料理せず 料理せずに |
りょーり・せず りょーり・せずに |
[ryóꜜòrì séꜜzù] [ryóꜜòrì séꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 料理される | りょーり・される | [ryóꜜòrì sàrérú] |
| Causative | 料理させる 料理さす |
りょーり・させる りょーり・さす |
[ryóꜜòrì sàsérú] [ryóꜜòrì sàsú] |
| Potential | 料理できる | りょーり・できる | [ryóꜜòrì dèkíꜜrù] |
Noun
[edit]Verb
[edit]料理する • (ryōri suru) ←れうり (reuri)?transitive suru (stem 料理し (ryōri shi), past 料理した (ryōri shita))
- to cook, to prepare (food)
- to deal with, to handle
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 料理し | りょうりし | ryōri shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 料理し | りょうりし | ryōri shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 料理する | りょうりする | ryōri suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 料理する | りょうりする | ryōri suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 料理すれ | りょうりすれ | ryōri sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 料理せよ¹ 料理しろ² |
りょうりせよ¹ りょうりしろ² |
ryōri seyo¹ ryōri shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 料理される | りょうりされる | ryōri sareru |
| Causative | 料理させる 料理さす |
りょうりさせる りょうりさす |
ryōri saseru ryōri sasu |
| Potential | 料理できる | りょうりできる | ryōri dekiru |
| Volitional | 料理しよう | りょうりしよう | ryōri shiyō |
| Negative | 料理しない | りょうりしない | ryōri shinai |
| Negative continuative | 料理せず | りょうりせず | ryōri sezu |
| Formal | 料理します | りょうりします | ryōri shimasu |
| Perfective | 料理した | りょうりした | ryōri shita |
| Conjunctive | 料理して | りょうりして | ryōri shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 料理すれば | りょうりすれば | ryōri sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
Synonyms
[edit]- クッキング (kukkingu)
Derived terms
[edit]- 料理屋 (ryōriya): restaurant
- 料理人 (ryōrinin): chef, cook
- 家庭料理 (katei ryōri): home cooking
- 日本料理 (Nihon ryōri): Japanese cuisine
- 肉料理 (nikuryōri): meat dishes
- 魚料理 (sakanaryōri): seafood dishes
- 卓袱料理 (shippoku ryōri): Japanese-Chinese cuisine
- 懐石料理 (kaisekiryōri): kaiseki
- 精進料理 (shōjinryōri): Buddhist temple cuisine
- メイン料理 (mein-ryōri): main course
- 中華料理 (chūkaryōri): Chinese cuisine
See also
[edit]- 切る (kiru): to cut
- 炒める (itameru): to stir-fry
- 焼く (yaku): to bake, to fry
- 茹でる (yuderu): to boil
- 炙る (aburu): to scorch, to broil, to toast, to grill
- 煮る (niru): to simmer
- 煮込む (nikomu): to simmer away
- 蒸す (musu): to steam
- 揚げる (ageru): to fry something in deep oil
- 混ぜる (mazeru): to stir, to mix
- 炒る (iru), 煎る (iru), 熬る (iru): to fry, broil
References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “料理”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 料 | 理 |
Noun
[edit]Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 料 | 理 |
Verb
[edit]料理
Categories:
- Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese
- Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
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- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
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- Hakka verbs
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- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Puxian Min nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 料
- Chinese terms spelled with 理
- zh:Cooking
- zh:Food and drink
- Japanese terms spelled with 料 read as りょう
- Japanese terms spelled with 理 read as り
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
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- Japanese verbs
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- Japanese suru verbs
- ja:Cooking
- ja:Meals
- Korean lemmas
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