切る
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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切 |
き Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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斬る 伐る 截る |
Etymology
[edit]⟨ki1ru⟩ → */kjiru/ → /kiru/
From Old Japanese,[1][2] from Proto-Japonic *kiru. Cognate with Miyako 切 (きぃー, ksïï), Okinawan 切ーん (ちーん, chīn), Yaeyama 切すん (きぃすん, kïsun).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「切る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
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Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
切る | きる | [kíꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 切れ | きれ | [kíꜜrè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 切られる | きられる | [kìráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 切らせる | きらせる | [kìráséꜜrù] |
Potential | 切れる | きれる | [kìréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 切ろう | きろー | [kìróꜜò] |
Negative | 切らない | きらない | [kìráꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 切らなかった | きらなかった | [kìráꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 切ります | きります | [kìrímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 切った | きった | [kíꜜttà] |
Conjunctive | 切って | きって | [kíꜜttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 切れば | きれば | [kíꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]切る • (kiru) godan (stem 切り (kiri), past 切った (kitta))
Japanese verb pair | |
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active | 切る |
mediopassive | 切れる |
- to cut, to slice, to carve
- cut down, fell, chop down
- 木を切る
- ki o kiru
- to cut down a tree
- 木を切る
- prune, trim, shear
- cut flat things such as cloth or paper
- cut a person with a sword, cut down, kill
- separate from the main body, cut off, break away
- perform an action as if by cutting
- discontinue an action, cut off, break off, turn off, hang up
- cut or sever connection with
- cut off or divide by or as if by partition
- perform an action boldly
- go under, be less than (numerically)
- Synonym: 下回る (shitamawaru)
- 1時間を切る
- ichi-jikan o kiru
- to be under one hour
- to remove; to run out
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "切る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 切ら | きら | kira |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 切り | きり | kiri |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 切る | きる | kiru |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 切る | きる | kiru |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 切れ | きれ | kire |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 切れ | きれ | kire |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 切られる | きられる | kirareru |
Causative | 切らせる 切らす |
きらせる きらす |
kiraseru kirasu |
Potential | 切れる | きれる | kireru |
Volitional | 切ろう | きろう | kirō |
Negative | 切らない | きらない | kiranai |
Negative continuative | 切らず | きらず | kirazu |
Formal | 切ります | きります | kirimasu |
Perfective | 切った | きった | kitta |
Conjunctive | 切って | きって | kitte |
Hypothetical conditional | 切れば | きれば | kireba |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 切ら | きら | kira |
Continuative (連用形) | 切り | きり | kiri |
Terminal (終止形) | 切る | きる | kiru |
Attributive (連体形) | 切る | きる | kiru |
Realis (已然形) | 切れ | きれ | kire |
Imperative (命令形) | 切れ | きれ | kire |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 切らず | きらず | kirazu |
Contrasting conjunction | 切れど | きれど | kiredo |
Causal conjunction | 切れば | きれば | kireba |
Conditional conjunction | 切らば | きらば | kiraba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 切りき | きりき | kiriki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 切りけり | きりけり | kirikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 切りつ | きりつ | kiritu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 切りぬ | きりぬ | kirinu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 切れり 切りたり |
きれり きりたり |
kireri kiritari |
Volitional | 切らむ | きらむ | kiramu |
Synonyms
[edit]- (cut): 断つ (tatsu)
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “cut”): 繋ぐ (tsunagu, “connect”), 結ぶ (musubu, “tie”)
- (antonym(s) of “go under numerically”): 超える (koeru, “go over”)
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 裏切る (uragiru): betray, double-cross
- 区切る, 句切る (kugiru): punctuate, cut off
- 仕切る (shikiru): partition, divide
- 千切る (chigiru): cut up fine, pick
- 値切る (negiru): drive a bargain, haggle
- 封切る (fūkiru, fūgiru): release
- 間切る (magiru): plow through
- 見切る (mikiru): see everything, abandon
- 横切る (yokogiru): cross, traverse
- 打ち切る, 打切る (uchikiru): stop, terminate, abort
- 買い切る (kaikiru): buy up
- 掻き切る, かき切る (kakikiru): cut, slit
- 貸し切る (kashikiru): reserve, charter
- 掻っ切る (kakkiru): cut, slit
- 噛み切る, かみ切る (kamikiru): bite off, gnaw through
- 借り切る (karikiru): reserve
- 食い切る (kuikiru): bite through, eat up
- 困り切る (komarikiru): be greatly perplexed
- 締め切る 閉め切る (shimekiru): close up, shut up
- 澄み切る (sumikiru): be serene
- 擦り切る, 摩り切る, 擦切る (surikiru): cut by rubbing, wear out
- 叩き切る, たたき切る (tatakikiru): mangle, hack down
- 立て切る (tatekiru): close tight
- 突っ切る (tsukkiru): cross, go across
- 詰め切る, 詰切る (tsumekiru): be or remain always on hand
- 取り切る, 取切る (torikiru): take completely, block off
- 苦り切る (nigarikiru): look disgusted
- 逃げ切る (nigekiru): get away, manage to hold on
- 捩じ切る, 捩切る (nejikiru): twist off
- 乗っ切る (nokkiru): (archaic) overcome, get through
- 乗り切る (norikiru): weather, get over
- 剪み切る, 挟み切る (hasamikiru): nip off, snip
- 払い切る (haraikiru): pay off completely
- 踏み切る (fumikiru): make a bold start, take a plunge
- 振り切る (furikiru): shake off, shake free from
- 守り切る (mamorikiru): hold on to something
- 持ち切る (mochikiru): hold all the while
- 焼き切る (yakikiru): burn off
- 寄り切る (yorikiru): (sumo) force someone out of the ring
- 割り切る, 割切る (warikiru): divide without residue, solve, comprehend
- 押し切る, 押切る (oshikiru): face down the opposition
- 思い切る (omoikiru): give up all thoughts of, abandon
- 噛み切る, かみ切る (kamikiru): bite off, gnaw through
- 断ち切る, 断切る, 截ち切る, 裁ち切る (tachikiru): cut apart
- ちょん切る (chongiru): chop something off
- ぶった切る, 打った切る, 打っ手切る (buttagiru): chop
- 息急き切る, 息せき切る (ikisekikiru): pant, gasp
- 取り仕切る, 取仕切る (torishikiru): run or operate a business
- 打っ千切る (butchigiru): win by a wide margin
- 食い千切る (kuichigiru): bite off
- 角に切る (kaku ni kiru): cut into squares
- 縁を切る (en o kiru): get a divorce, sever connections
- 風を切る (kaze o kiru): go flying along
- 首を切る (kubi o kiru): decapitate, dismiss, fire from a job
- 句を切る (ku o kiru): punctuate a sentence
- 芯を切る (shin o kiru): trim a wick
- 手を切る (te o kiru): cut off a relationship
- 波を切る (nami o kiru): cut one's way through the waves
- 封を切る (fū o kiru): break the seal
- 髪を切る, 髮を切る (kami o kiru): cut hair
- しらを切る, 白を切る (shira o kiru): feign ignorance
- せきを切る, 堰を切る, 関を切る (seki o kiru): break a dam and gush forth
- 切符を切る (kippu o kiru): punch a ticket
- 口火を切る (kuchibi o kiru): start a conversation
- 十字を切る (jūji o kiru): make the sign of the cross
- 啖呵を切る (tanka o kiru): speak sharply
- 手刀を切る (tegatana o kiru): (sumo) make ceremonial hand movement
- 電源を切る (dengen o kiru): turn off power
- 電話を切る (denwa o kiru): hang up a telephone
- 見得を切る (mie o kiru): assume a posture, pose
- 身銭を切る (mizeni o kiru): use one's own money
- 火蓋を切る (hibuta o kiru): start
- 自腹を切る (jibara o kiru): pay for with your own money
- シャッターを切る (shattā o kiru): release a camera shutter
- スタートを切る (sutāto o kiru): make a start
- テープを切る (tēpu o kiru): breast the tape
- パーティションを切る (pātishon o kiru): (comp) partition
- メンチを切る (menchi o kiru): stare at, glare at
- 大見得を切る (ōmie o kiru): declare impressively
- 肩で風を切る (kata de kaze o kiru): swagger about
- 大根を繊に切る (daikon o sen ni kiru): cut a radish into fine strips
Related terms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]- finish, be through
- perform an action thoroughly or decisively
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 出切る (dekiru): be out of, have no more at hand
- 言い切る (iikiru): declare, assert
- 売り切る (urikiru): sell out, sell off
- 出し切る (dashikiru): use up, do one's best
- 使い切る, 遣い切る (tsukaikiru): use up, exhaust
- 疲れ切る (tsukarekiru): be exhausted, be tired out
- 付き切る (tsukikiru): be in constant attendance
- 張り切る (harikiru): be in high spirits, be full of vigor
- 冷え切る (hiekiru): become completely chilled
- やり切る (yarikiru): complete decisively, do to completion
- 読み切る (yomikiru): finish reading, read through
- 弱り切る (yowarikiru): faint, be exhausted
- 成り切る (narikiru): turn completely into, become completely
- 割り切る (warikiru): divide without a remainder
- 分かり切る, 分り切る (wakarikiru): be evident, be obvious
- 跡切る (togiru)
References
[edit]Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 切 read as き
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -ru
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -iru
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese suffixes
- ja:Cooking