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紙

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 纸 and 帋
紙 U+7D19, 紙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D19
← 紘
[U+7D18] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 級 →
[U+7D1A]

Translingual

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Han character

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紙 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 女火竹女心 (VFHVP), four-corner 22940, composition ⿰糹氏)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 918, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27293
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1347, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3375, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+7D19

Chinese

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trad. 紙
simp. 纸
alternative forms 帋
𦀦
𥾬

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 紙
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (氏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
氏 *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ
衹 *kje, *ɡe
紙 *kjeʔ
帋 *kjeʔ
扺 *kjeʔ
坁 *kjeʔ
汦 *kjeʔ, *tjil
忯 *ɡje, *ɡe
眂 *ɡje, *ɡils
舐 *ɦljeʔ
芪 *ɡe
祇 *ɡe
疧 *ɡe
軝 *ɡe
蚔 *ɡe

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kjeʔ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 氏 (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ).

Etymology

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Unknown. It has been connected to Vietnamese giấy (< Proto-Vietic *k-cajʔ).

Shiming (釋名) connects it to 砥 (OC *tijʔ, “flat and smooth; fine-grained whetstone”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • zyor3/zoe3/zua3/zya3/zia3 - vernacular;
  • zi3 - literary.
Note:
  • chóa - vernacular;
  • chí - literary.
Note:
  • zua2 - vernacular;
  • ji2 - literary.
Rime
Character 紙
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸氏切
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 紙
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyeX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k.teʔ/
English paper

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 紙
Reading # 1/1
No. 11516
Phonetic
component 		氏
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		紙
Old
Chinese 		/*kjeʔ/

Definitions

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紙

  1. (countable) paper (Classifier: 張／张; 頁／页)
    草稿紙／草稿纸  ―  cǎogǎozhǐ  ―  scratch paper
    她買了紙、筆等文具。 [MSC, trad.]
    她买了纸、笔等文具。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā mǎi le zhǐ, bǐ děng wénjù. [Pinyin]
    She bought paper, pens, and other such stationery.
    他用棕色的紙把包裹包起來。 [MSC, trad.]
    他用棕色的纸把包裹包起来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā yòng zōngsè de zhǐ bǎ bāoguǒ bāo qǐlái. [Pinyin]
    He wrapped brown paper around the package.
  2. (chiefly Cantonese) currency
    港紙／港纸 [Cantonese]  ―  gong2 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  Hong Kong dollar
    加紙／加纸 [Cantonese]  ―  gaa1 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  Canadian dollar
  3. (Cantonese, countable) banknote; bill (Classifier: 張／张 c)
    十蚊紙／十蚊纸 [Cantonese]  ―  sap6 man1 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  ten-dollar bill
  4. (chiefly Cantonese) document; certificate
    出世紙／出世纸 [Cantonese]  ―  ceot1 sai3 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  birth certificate
  5. Classifier for document and letters.
    一紙婚書／一纸婚书  ―  yī zhǐ hūnshū  ―  one's marriage certificate
  6. short for 紙錢／纸钱 (zhǐqián, “paper made to resemble money and burnt as an offering to the dead”)
  7. (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Pronunciation spelling of 子 (zǐ).
    妹紙／妹纸  ―  mèizhǐ  ―  girl
    胖紙／胖纸  ―  pàngzhǐ  ―  fatty
  8. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 紙 (“paper”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 紙
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 紙, 紙張 collective
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 紙
Taiwan 紙
Singapore 紙
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 紙
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 紙
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 紙
Xi'an 紙
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 紙
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 紙
Wuhan 紙
Guilin 紙
Nanning (Wuming) 紙
Dagudi (Maliba) 紙
Reshuitang (Longling) 紙
Mae Salong (Lancang) 紙
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 紙
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 紙
Hefei 紙
Cantonese Guangzhou 紙
Hong Kong 紙
Taishan (Guanghai) 紙
Yangjiang 紙
Hepu (Lianzhou) 紙
Hepu (Shatian) 紙
Beihai 紙
Beihai (Nankang) 紙
Beihai (Yingpan) 紙
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 紙
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 紙
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 紙
Singapore (Guangfu) 紙
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 紙
Móng Cái 紙
Mandalay (Taishan) 紙
Gan Nanchang 紙
Hakka Meixian 紙
Jiexi 紙
Yudu 紙
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 紙
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 紙
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 紙
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 紙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 紙
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 紙
Sabah (Longchuan) 紙
Huizhou Jixi 紙
Jin Taiyuan 紙
Northern Min Jian'ou 紙
Eastern Min Fuzhou 紙
Southern Min Xiamen 紙
Singapore (Hokkien) 紙
Manila (Hokkien) 紙
Chaozhou 紙
Shantou 紙
Jieyang 紙
Bangkok (Teochew) 紙
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 紙
Hat Yai (Teochew) 紙
Singapore (Teochew) 紙
Pontianak (Teochew) 紙
Leizhou 紙
Wu Suzhou 紙, 紙頭
Ningbo 紙頭
Zhoushan 紙頭
Wenzhou 紙
Xiang Changsha 紙
Xiangxiang 紙
Shuangfeng 紙

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (紙):
  • → Japanese: 紙(し) (shi)
  • → Korean: 지(紙) (ji)
  • → Vietnamese: chỉ (紙)

Others:

  • → Lao: ເຈ້ຍ (chīa, “paper”)
  • → Proto-Vietic: *k-cajʔ (see there for further descendants)
  • → Shan: ၸေႈ (tsēe, “paper”)
  • >? Sogdian: 𐼸𐼰𐼲𐼹𐼰 (kʾɣδʾ, “paper”) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Zhuang: ceij (“paper”)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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紙

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. paper

Readings

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  • Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かみ (kami, 紙, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
紙
かみ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
帋

From Old Japanese 紙, cited to manuscript kana glosses in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE,[1] from Proto-Japonic *kanpi (the modern standard Japanese form results from a sporadic change of [ᵐb] to [m]). Cognate with Okinawan 紙 (kabi). Compare also Ainu カㇺピ (kampi, “paper”), from Proto-Ainu *kanpi (which is assumed to have been borrowed from Japonic[2]).

An alternative hypothesis explains the Old Japanese word as a borrowing from Middle Chinese 簡 (keanX, “bamboo slip used for writing”), with a shift in pronunciation from kan[3] → */kamu/ → /kami/, with excrescent final -i as in 文 (fumi) from borrowed bun or pun. That would require the forms based on [ᵐb] to result from the sporadic change of [m] to [ᵐb], as in 黍 (/⁠kibi⁠/, “millet”) from Old Japanese 寸三 (/⁠ki₁mi₁⁠/). However, Ryukyuan reflexes appear to maintain a /b/ phone, which is more difficult to explain for a borrowing from Chinese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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紙(かみ) • (kami) 

  1. [from 720] paper
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
紙
し
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 紙 (MC tsyeX).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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紙(し) • (shi) ←し (si)?

  1. paper
  2. newspaper
    全(ぜん)国(こく)紙(し)、大(おお)手(て)紙(し)
    zenkokushi, ōteshi
    national newspaper, major newspaper
Derived terms
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Derived terms

References

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  1. ^ “紙”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Alexander Vovin (2024), “Reconstruction of Japonic and para-Japonic based on external sources”, in Handbook of Historical Japanese Linguistics, page 19
  3. ^ “紙”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

紙 (eumhun 종이 지 (jong'i ji))

  1. hanja form? of 지 (“paper”)

Kunigami

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Kanji

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紙

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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    Kanji in this term
    紙
    はび
    Grade: 2
    kun'yomi

    First attested as 카미 (/⁠kʰa.mi⁠/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501). Cognate with Japanese 紙 (kami).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    紙(はび) (habi) 

    1. paper

    Miyako

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    Kanji

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    紙

    (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Etymology

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      Kanji in this term
      紙
      かび
      Grade: 2
      kun'yomi

      First attested as 카미 (/⁠kʰa.mi⁠/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501). Cognate with Japanese 紙 (kami).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      紙(かび) (kabi) 

      1. paper

      Okinawan

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      Kanji

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      紙

      (Second grade kyōiku kanji)

      Readings

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      Etymology 1

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        Kanji in this term
        紙
        かび
        Grade: 2
        kun'yomi

        First attested as 카미 (/⁠kʰa.mi⁠/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501). Cognate with Japanese 紙 (kami).

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        紙(かび) (kabi) 

        1. paper

        Compounds

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        Etymology 2

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        Kanji in this term
        紙
        し
        Grade: 2
        on'yomi

        From Middle Chinese 紙 (MC tsyeX).

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        紙(し) (shi) 

        1. paper

        Compounds

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        Old Japanese

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        Noun

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        紙 (*KAMI₁)

        1. paper
          • Shōsōin document, text here
            卅巻未取犯、仍為一帙、〈加遲乃紙〉
            MI₁SO₁ MAKI₁ PA WOKASI WO TO₂RAZU, ITI-TITU wo SI YO₁RU (kadi-no₂ KAMI₁)
            Thirty folds are not taken as a crime; continue making one book case ([using] paper made from rudder)

        Reconstruction notes

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        The reconstruction as *KAMI₁ and not **KAMI₂ is because Ainu would have loaned this word as *kambUy, not kambi. Note that Old Japanese "voiced stops" are recognized as pre-nasalized voiced stops, and this is supported by Ainu loans from Old Japanese.

        Descendants

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        Vietnamese

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        Han character

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        紙: Hán Việt readings: chỉ[1][2][3]
        紙: Nôm readings: giấy[1][3][4][5][6][7], chỉ[1][2][6], dây[6], nháy[7]

        1. chữ Hán form of chỉ (“(colloquial) clipping of tín chỉ (“college credit”)”)
        2. chữ Nôm form of chỉ
          1. (sewing) thread
          2. (sewing, obsolete) weft; woof
        3. chữ Nôm form of dây (“rope; cord; wire; string”)
        4. chữ Nôm form of giấy (“paper; tissue”)

        References

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        1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Trần (2004).
        2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hồ (1976).
        3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
        4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
        5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
        6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Nguyễn (2014).
        7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
        Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=紙&oldid=92201341"