Jump to content

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: and
U+7D19, 紙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D19

[U+7D18]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7D1A]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 120, +4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹女心 (VFHVP), four-corner 22940, composition )

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 918, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27293
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1347, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3375, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+7D19

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp.
alternative forms
𦀦
𥾬

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kjeʔ): semantic (silk) + phonetic (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ).

Etymology

[edit]

Unknown. It has been connected to Vietnamese giấy (< Proto-Vietic *k-cajʔ).

Shiming (釋名) connects it to (OC *tijʔ, “flat and smooth; fine-grained whetstone”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note:
  • chóa - vernacular;
  • chí - literary.
Note:
  • zua2 - vernacular;
  • ji2 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (23)
Final () (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyeX ›
Old
Chinese
/*k.teʔ/
English paper

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11516
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kjeʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (countable) paper (Classifier: ; )
    草稿草稿  ―  cǎogǎozhǐ  ―  scratch paper
    文具 [MSC, trad.]
    文具 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā mǎi le zhǐ, bǐ děng wénjù. [Pinyin]
    She bought paper, pens, and other such stationery.
    棕色包裹起來 [MSC, trad.]
    棕色包裹起来 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā yòng zōngsè de zhǐ bǎ bāoguǒ bāo qǐlái. [Pinyin]
    He wrapped brown paper around the package.
  2. (chiefly Cantonese) currency
    [Cantonese]  ―  gong2 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  Hong Kong dollar
    [Cantonese]  ―  gaa1 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  Canadian dollar
  3. (Cantonese, countable) banknote; bill (Classifier: c)
    [Cantonese]  ―  sap6 man1 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  ten-dollar bill
  4. (cheifly, Cantonese) document; certificate
    出世出世 [Cantonese]  ―  ceot1 sai3 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  birth certificate
  5. Classifier for document and letters.
    婚書婚书  ―  zhǐ hūnshū  ―  one's marriage certificate
  6. Short for 紙錢纸钱 (zhǐqián, “paper made to resemble money and burnt as an offering to the dead”).
  7. (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Pronunciation spelling of ().
      ―  mèizhǐ  ―  girl
      ―  pàngzhǐ  ―  fatty
  8. a surname

Synonyms

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: () (shi)
  • Korean: 지(紙) (ji)
  • Vietnamese: chỉ ()

Others:

  • Lao: ເຈ້ຍ (chīa, paper)
  • Shan: ၸေႈ (tsēe, paper)
  • Zhuang: ceij (paper)
  • Proto-Vietic: *k-cajʔ (see there for further descendants)

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. paper

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かみ (kami, , Jōyō)

Alternative forms

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
かみ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese , cited to manuscript kana glosses in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE,[1] from Proto-Japonic *kanpi (the modern standard Japanese form results from a sporadic change of [ᵐb] to [m]). Cognate with Okinawan (kabi). Compare also Ainu カㇺピ (kampi, paper), from Proto-Ainu *kanpi (which is assumed to have been borrowed from Japonic[2]).

An alternative hypothesis explains the Old Japanese word as a borrowing from Middle Chinese (keanX, bamboo slip used for writing), with a shift in pronunciation from kan[3] → */kamu//kami/, with excrescent final -i as in (fumi) from borrowed bun or pun. That would require the forms based on [ᵐb] to result from the sporadic change of [m] to [ᵐb], as in (/⁠kibi⁠/, millet) from Old Japanese 寸三 (/⁠ki₁mi₁⁠/). However, Ryukyuan reflexes appear to maintain a /b/ phone, which is more difficult to explain for a borrowing from Chinese.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(かみ) (kami

  1. [from 720] paper
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC tsyeX).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Affix

[edit]

() (shi (si)?

  1. paper
  2. newspaper
    (ぜん)(こく)()(おお)()()
    zenkokushi, ōteshi
    national newspaper, major newspaper

References

[edit]
  1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Alexander Vovin (2024) “Reconstruction of Japonic and para-Japonic based on external sources”, in Handbook of Historical Japanese Linguistics, page 19
  3. ^ ”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 종이 (jong'i ji))

  1. hanja form? of (paper)

Old Japanese

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(*KAMI₁)

  1. paper
    • Shōsōin document, text here
      卅巻未取犯、仍為一帙、〈加遲
      MI₁SO₁ MAKI₁ PA WOKASI WO TO₂RAZU, ITI-TITU wo SI YO₁RU (kadi-no₂ KAMI₁)
      Thirty folds are not taken as a crime; continue making one book case ([using] paper made from rudder)

Reconstruction notes

[edit]

The reconstruction as *KAMI₁ and not **KAMI₂ is because Ainu would have loaned this word as *kambUy, not kambi. Note that Old Japanese "voiced stops" are recognized as pre-nasalized voiced stops, and this is supported by Ainu loans from Old Japanese.

Descendants

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Chữ Hán

[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: chỉ, giấy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.