朝

See also: 萌

朝 U+671D, 朝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-671D ← 朜 [U+671C] CJK Unified Ideographs 朞 → [U+671E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

朝 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十十月 (JJB), four-corner 4742₀, composition ⿰龺月)

Derived characters

• 𠎫 嘲 𢢅 潮 𨗛 𣊿 𣛨 𣎢 謿 𨅹 𩻹 𦺓 𣋂 𢀭 廟

References

• KangXi: page 506, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14374
• Dae Jaweon: page 885, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2084, character 8
• Unihan data for U+671D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		朝
2nd round simp.		䢁
alternative forms		𦩻 晁 𨊸／䢁 調／调 ancient 鼂／鼌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 朝
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script

Characters in the same phonetic series (朝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嘲	*ʔr'eːw
廟	*mrews
朝	*ʔr'ew, *r'ew
潮	*r'ew

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意): 2 or 4 屮 (“grass”) or even 木 (“tree”) + 日 (“sun”) + 月 (“moon”) – the sun rising above the ground while the waning moon is still in the sky – the morning.

In the bronze script, it was a compound of 𠦝 and a pictograph of a river (川 or 水) – this was possibly an original form for 潮 (OC *r'ew, “tide”). The river glyph may be a corruption of 月 due to association with tides or diurnal events. Chi (2010) considers such forms to be phono-semantic (形聲), where 𠦝 is the abbreviated form of the phonetic 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew). In the some late Western Zhou forms, 𠦝 was corrupted into a form resembling 車.

According to Guo Moruo, in the stone drum inscriptions (石鼓文 (shígǔwén), likely from the Spring and Autumn period) 㫃 was added (attached to 車), and the river glyph was replaced with 舟 (OC *tjɯw), which was interpreted as the phonetic component; the small seal script might have inherited from this form. Shuowen interpreted the fused components of 𠦝 and 㫃 as a semantic component 倝 (“dawn”). However, the accuracy of identification has been questioned; the character was a heavily weathered one in which the 㫃 identification was probably spurious and likely influenced by the Shuowen. Meanwhile, the 舟 component on the right remained somewhat legible.

The 舟 component remained in the bamboo and wooden slips of the Warring States period (see the table). In the clerical script since the Han dynasty, 舟 had been reverted to 月; it is unclear whether this was a remnant from 月 in the oracle bone script or a corruption of 舟 (as in 朕 < 𦩎 and many other characters). The current form is essentially inherited from the clerical script.

Etymology

“Morning” > “perform the morning ceremony” > “to go/come to court; to have an audience”. Derivative: 潮 (OC *r'ew, “morning tide”).

Perhaps related to Thai เพรา (prao, “morning”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhāo (zhao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠ

  (Chengdu, SP): zao¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ziu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chêu
• Min Dong (BUC): diĕu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiau

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziao¹ / ziou¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ¹tsau
• Xiang (Wiktionary): zhau¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhao
    • Wade–Giles: chao¹
    • Yale: jāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jau
    • Palladius: чжао (čžao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zao¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sau⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ziu¹
    • Yale: jīu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dziu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chêu
    • Hakka Romanization System: zeu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zeu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡seu̯²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: diĕu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiau
    • Tâi-lô: tiau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diaw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiau³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tiau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziao¹ / ziou¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiau / tsiou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siau³³/, /t͡siou³³/

Note:

• ziao1 - Shantou;
• ziou1 - Chaozhou.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wugniu: ¹tsau
  • Wiktionary Romanisation: ¹tsau
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔ⁵³/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: zhau¹
  • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂɒu³³/
  • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sɒu³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: trjew

Rime
Character	朝
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟遙切
Baxter	trjew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚiɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiaw/
Li Rong	/ȶjɛu/
Wang Li	/ȶĭɛu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ziu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>aw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔr'ew/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朝
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhāo
Middle Chinese	‹ trjew ›
Old Chinese	/*t<r>aw/
English	morning
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朝
Reading #	1/2
No.	1307
Phonetic component	朝
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	朝
Old Chinese	/*ʔr'ew/
Notes	甲文作日月同在草中表清晨， 非舟聲

Definitions

朝

1. morning

   朝夕  ―  zhāoxī  ―  morning and evening; all the time

2. daytime; day; full day

   • 由今之道，無變今之俗，雖與之天下，不能一朝居也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     由今之道，无变今之俗，虽与之天下，不能一朝居也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Yóu jīn zhī dào, wú biàn jīn zhī sú, suī yǔ zhī tiānxià, bùnéng yī zhāo jū yě. [Pinyin]

     Although a prince, pursuing the path of the present day, and not changing its practices, were to have the throne given to him, he could not retain it for a single day.

   • 今朝有酒今朝醉，明日愁來明日愁。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     今朝有酒今朝醉，明日愁来明日愁。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 833-909: Luo Yin (羅隱／罗隐), 自遣 (Self Consolation)

     Jīnzhāo yǒu jiǔ jīnzhāo zuì, míngrì chóu lái míngrì chóu. [Pinyin]

     If there is wine today, then today is the day to get drunk. Worry about tomorrow's worries when they come tomorrow.

3. (obsolete) beginning; start
4. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min Bei) breakfast
5. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 早晨 (“early morning”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		晨, 朝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		早晨, 清早, 清晨
Mandarin	Beijing	早晨, 早起
	Tianjin	早上, 早晨
	Jinan	早晨, 早晨起來
	Xi'an	趕起, 早起
	Wuhan	早晨
	Chengdu	早晨, 清早
	Liuzhou	早晨頭
	Yangzhou	早上, 早晨
	Hefei	早上
	Singapore	早晨
Cantonese	Guangzhou	朝頭早, 朝早
	Hong Kong	朝頭早, 朝早
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	一早
	Macau	朝早
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	朝頭早
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	朝頭早
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	早朝早
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	朝頭朝早
	Foshan	朝頭早
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	朝頭早
	Foshan (Shunde)	朝頭早
	Foshan (Sanshui)	朝頭早
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	侵早
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	晨早
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	朝頭早
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	朝頭, 朝早
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	朝早
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	朝早
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	朝早
	Taishan	朝頭早, 早朝, 朝早
	Kaiping (Chikan)	朝頭早
	Enping (Niujiang)	一皓
	Heshan (Yayao)	朝早
	Dongguan	朝頭早
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	朝早
	Hepu (Shatian)	早朝, 早晨
	Beihai	朝間早
	Beihai (Nankang)	朝間早
	Beihai (Yingpan)	早朝頭
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	朝頭早, 朝間早
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	朝早
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	朝早頭
	Sanya (Yanglan Maihua)	天光早
	Singapore (Guangfu)	晨早
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	朝頭早
	Móng Cái	朝早
Gan	Nanchang	清早, 早上
Hakka	Meixian	朝晨, 朝晨頭
	Dabu (Gaobei)	朝晨早
	Fengshun (Tangkeng)	朝晨頭
	Fengshun (Fengliang)	朝晨早
	Fengshun (Pantian)	朝晨
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	早晨
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	朝晨頭
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	朝晨頭
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	朝晨早
	Conghua (Lütian)	早上
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	朝晨, 朝晨頭
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	朝晨, 朝晨頭
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	朝晨, 朝晨頭
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	朝晨, 朝晨頭
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	晨早, 晨早頭
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	晨早, 晨早時務
	Sabah (Bao'an)	早晨
Jin	Taiyuan	早晨, 打早, 打早起, 早起, 清早
Min Bei	Jian'ou	早頭
Min Dong	Fuzhou	早頭, 早起頭, 起早, 起早頭
Min Nan	Xiamen	早起
	Quanzhou	早起
	Zhangzhou	早起
	Taipei	早起
	Manila (Hokkien)	早起
	Chaozhou	眠起早, 眠起
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	停光, 光早
	Sanxiang	通光
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	朝頭
Wu	Shanghai	早浪, 早浪向, 早晨, 早晨頭, 清早晨
	Suzhou	早浪
	Ningbo	天亮, 天亮頭
	Wenzhou	天光早, 天光
Xiang	Changsha	早上, 早晨頭
	Shuangfeng	早晨家

Dialectal synonyms of 早餐 (“breakfast”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		朝食, 饔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		早飯, 早餐
Mandarin	Beijing	早飯, 早點
	Taiwan	早飯, 早餐, 早點
	Tianjin	點心
	Ulanhot	早上飯
	Tongliao	早上飯
	Chifeng	早飯
	Bayanhot	早飯
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	早上飯
	Harbin	早上飯, 早飯
	Shenyang	早飯
	Yantai (Muping)	朝飯兒, 早飯
	Jinan	早飯, 早晨飯, 早點
	Luoyang	清早飯
	Wanrong	早起飯
	Zhengzhou	清早起來飯
	Xi'an	乾早飯, 早飯
	Yinchuan	早飯
	Lanzhou	早飯
	Xining	早起
	Ürümqi	乾早飯, 早飯
	Wuhan	早飯
	Huanggang	早飯
	Chengdu	早飯, 早餐
	Guiyang	早飯
	Kunming	早飯
	Guilin	早飯, 早點
	Liuzhou	早餐, 早飯, 早點
	Xuzhou	早點, 早上飯, 早飯
	Yangzhou	早飯
	Nanjing	早飯, 點心
	Hefei	早飯
	Nantong	早飯
	Malaysia	早餐
	Singapore	早餐
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	趕早飯
Cantonese	Guangzhou	早餐, 朝早飯, 朝
	Hong Kong	早餐
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	早飯
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	早飯
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	早飯
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	早飯, 朝頭
	Macau	早餐
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	早餐
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	早飯
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	早餐
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	早飯, 早餐
	Foshan	早餐
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	粥
	Foshan (Shunde)	早餐
	Foshan (Sanshui)	朝早飯
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	早飯
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	早餐
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	早餐
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	早餐
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	朝早飯
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	朝早飯
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	早餐
	Taishan	早餐
	Kaiping (Chikan)	早餐
	Enping (Niujiang)	早餐
	Heshan (Yayao)	早飯
	Dongguan	早餐
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	早餐
	Shaoguan	早餐
	Yunfu	早餐
	Yangjiang	朝
	Xinyi	朝
	Lianjiang	朝
	Nanning	過早
	Wuzhou	過早
	Yulin	早朝
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	早朝
	Danzhou	早朝
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	早餐
	Singapore (Guangfu)	早餐
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	早餐
Gan	Nanchang	早飯
	Lichuan	早飯
	Pingxiang	早飯
Hakka	Meixian	朝
	Xingning	朝
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	朝, 早餐
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	朝
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	朝
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	朝
	Huidong (Daling)	朝
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	朝
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	早餐, 朝
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	朝
	Boluo (Bendihua)	早餐
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	朝
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	朝
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	朝, 早餐
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	早餐
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	朝
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	朝
	Wuhua (Changbu)	朝
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	朝
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	朝
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	朝
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	朝
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	朝
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	朝
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	朝
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	朝
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	朝
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	朝
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	朝
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	朝
	Liannan	朝
	Conghua (Lütian)	朝
	Jiexi	朝
	Changting	朝
	Wuping	朝
	Wuping (Pingyu)	朝
	Liancheng	天光
	Ninghua	朝飯
	Yudu	晨朝
	Ruijin	朝
	Shicheng	朝飯
	Shangyou (Shexi)	早晨
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	朝
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	朝
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	朝
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	朝
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	朝
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	早頓, 早, 晨早
	Hong Kong	朝, 朝飯
	Luchuan	朝
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	朝, 早點
	Sabah (Longchuan)	早餐
	Senai (Huiyang)	朝, 早餐
	Singkawang	朝
Huizhou	Jixi	早飯
	Shexian	早飯
	Tunxi	天光
	Xiuning	天光
	Yixian	天光
	Qimen	點心
	Wuyuan	朝飯, 朝粥
Jin	Taiyuan	早清飯, 清早飯, 打早飯
	Pingyao	早起飯, 早晨飯
	Xinzhou	打早飯, 早起飯, 早升飯
	Taibus (Baochang)	早飯
	Linhe	早飯
	Jining	早飯
	Hohhot	早飯
	Baotou	早飯
	Dongsheng	早飯
	Haibowan	早點
Min Bei	Jian'ou	早
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	早
	Songxi	飯
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	飯
	Wuyishan	朝
	Pucheng (Shibei)	朝
Min Dong	Fuzhou	早
	Fuqing	飯, 早
	Zhouning	飯
Min Nan	Xiamen	早頓, 早起頓, 早起
	Quanzhou	早頓, 早起頓, 早起
	Yongchun	早起
	Zhangzhou	早頓, 早起頓, 早起
	Singapore (Hokkien)	早起頓, 早起, 早餐, 早頓
	Manila (Hokkien)	早餐, 早起
	Zhangping	飯
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	飯
	Chaozhou	眠起, 早餐
	Shantou	猛早頓, 猛早, 早飯, 早糜
	Haifeng	眠早
	Bangkok (Teochew)	早餐, 早頓
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	早餐
	Singapore (Teochew)	早餐
	Leizhou	早糜, 早
	Wenchang	糜旦, 天光糜, 早
	Haikou	天光糜, 天光, 天光早糜, 天光早, 天光白糜, 天光白
	Qionghai	早糜, 早餐
	Singapore (Hainanese)	早餐
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	早餐
	Sanxiang	早餐
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	過早, 朝飯, 點心
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	早飯
Wu	Shanghai	早飯, 早點
	Shanghai (Chongming)	飯
	Suzhou	早飯
	Wuxi	早飯, 早點
	Danyang	早飯
	Hangzhou	早飯
	Ningbo	天亮飯
	Wenzhou	天光
	Jinhua	五更兒飯, 五更飯, 五更兒
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	五更
Xiang	Changsha	早飯
	Loudi	早飯
	Shuangfeng	早飯, 晨飯
	Quanzhou	早飯

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (朝):

• → Japanese: 朝(ちょう) (chō)
• → Korean: 조(朝) (jo)
• → Vietnamese: triêu (朝)

Compounds

• 一朝 (yīzhāo)
• 一朝一夕 (yīzhāoyīxī)
• 三朝五日
• 不終朝／不终朝
• 二朝王醮
• 今朝 (jīnzhāo)
• 做朝
• 兩日三朝／两日三朝
• 匪朝伊夕
• 危若朝露
• 夏蟲朝菌／夏虫朝菌
• 夜月花朝
• 小年朝
• 崇朝
• 旦暮朝夕
• 早朝
• 暮去朝來／暮去朝来
• 暮四朝三 (mùsìzhāosān)
• 暮想朝思
• 暮暮朝朝
• 暮楚朝秦 (mùchǔzhāoqín)
• 暮虢朝虞
• 暮雨朝雲／暮雨朝云
• 會朝／会朝
• 月夕花朝
• 月夜花朝
• 有朝一日 (yǒuzhāoyīrì)
• 朝三暮四 (zhāosānmùsì)
• 朝不保夕 (zhāobùbǎoxī)
• 朝不保暮
• 朝不及夕
• 朝不圖夕／朝不图夕
• 朝不慮夕／朝不虑夕 (zhāobùlǜxī)
• 朝不謀夕／朝不谋夕
• 朝乾夕惕／朝干夕惕
• 朝令夕改 (zhāolìngxīgǎi)
• 朝令暮改
• 朝來暮去／朝来暮去
• 朝兢夕惕
• 朝出夕改
• 朝升暮合
• 朝參暮禮／朝参暮礼
• 朝四暮三 (zhāosìmùsān)
• 朝夕 (zhāoxī)
• 朝夕不倦
• 朝夕難保／朝夕难保 (zhāoxīnánbǎo)
• 朝思夕想
• 朝思夕計／朝思夕计
• 朝思暮想 (zhāosīmùxiǎng)
• 朝日新聞／朝日新闻
• 朝早
• 朝暉／朝晖 (zhāohuī)
• 朝暮
• 朝暮人
• 朝暮課誦／朝暮课诵
• 朝暾 (zhāotūn)
• 朝曦 (zhāoxī)
• 朝更夕改
• 朝更暮改
• 朝會／朝会
• 朝朝 (zhāozhāo)
• 朝朝暮暮 (zhāozhāomùmù)
• 朝東暮西／朝东暮西
• 朝梁暮晉／朝梁暮晋
• 朝梁暮陳／朝梁暮陈
• 朝榮夕悴／朝荣夕悴
• 朝榮夕斃／朝荣夕毙
• 朝榮夕滅／朝荣夕灭
• 朝榮暮落／朝荣暮落
• 朝槿
• 朝歌 (Zhāogē)
• 朝歌夜絃／朝歌夜弦
• 朝歌暮樂／朝歌暮乐
• 朝歌暮絃／朝歌暮弦
• 朝歡暮樂／朝欢暮乐
• 朝氣／朝气 (zhāoqì)
• 朝氣勃勃／朝气勃勃 (zhāoqìbóbó)
• 朝氣蓬勃／朝气蓬勃 (zhāoqìpéngbó)
• 朝生暮死
• 朝發夕至／朝发夕至 (zhāofāxīzhì)
• 朝秦暮楚 (zhāoqínmùchǔ)
• 朝經暮史／朝经暮史
• 朝聞夕改／朝闻夕改
• 朝聞夕死／朝闻夕死
• 朝菌
• 朝虀暮鹽／朝虀暮盐
• 朝蜏
• 朝行夕改
• 朝西暮東／朝西暮东
• 朝趁暮食
• 朝過夕改／朝过夕改
• 朝鐘暮鼓／朝钟暮鼓
• 朝陽／朝阳
• 朝陽方案／朝阳方案
• 朝陽鳴鳳／朝阳鸣凤
• 朝雲／朝云
• 朝雲暮雨／朝云暮雨
• 朝霞 (zhāoxiá)
• 朝霧／朝雾 (zhāowù)
• 朝露 (zhāolù)
• 朝食 (zhāoshí)
• 朝飯／朝饭 (zhāofàn)
• 朝餐夜宿
• 朝饔夕飧
• 歲朝／岁朝 (suìzhāo)
• 每日逐朝
• 每朝每日
• 每朝逐日
• 浮雲朝露／浮云朝露
• 清朝 (Qīngcháo)
• 滅此朝食／灭此朝食 (miècǐzhāoshí)
• 生朝 (shēngzhāo)
• 當朝／当朝
• 終朝／终朝 (zhōngzhāo)
• 花朝
• 花朝日
• 花朝月夕
• 花朝月夜
• 花朝節／花朝节
• 行雨朝雲／行雨朝云
• 連朝接夕／连朝接夕
• 逐朝每日
• 鳳鳴朝陽／凤鸣朝阳

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): cháo (chao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): cao²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): ceu²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhèu
• Min Dong (BUC): dièu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiâu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ciao⁵ / ciou⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁶zau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cháo
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cháo
    • Wade–Giles: chʻao²
    • Yale: cháu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaur
    • Palladius: чао (čao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cao²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ciu⁴
    • Yale: chìuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qiu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ceu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛu²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ceuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ceu²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dièu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu
    • Tâi-lô: tiâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diaau
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau¹³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /tiau²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ciao⁵ / ciou⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiâu / tshiôu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiau⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰiou⁵⁵/

Note:

• ciao5 - Shantou;
• ciou5 - Chaozhou.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wugniu: ⁶zau
  • Wiktionary Romanisation: ³zau
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /zɔ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: drjew

Rime
Character	朝
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直遙切
Baxter	drjew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚiɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖiaw/
Li Rong	/ȡjɛu/
Wang Li	/ȡĭɛu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ciu4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-t<r>aw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*r'ew/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朝
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cháo
Middle Chinese	‹ drjew ›
Old Chinese	/*m-t<r>aw/
English	(morning) audience at court
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朝
Reading #	2/2
No.	1309
Phonetic component	朝
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	𪓙
Old Chinese	/*r'ew/

Definitions

朝

1. (historical) to wish elders or seniors good health; to visit (a senior person)
2. (historical) to have an audience with the king or emperor; to perform the morning ceremony; to go to court
3. to make a pilgrimage to; to pay homage to
4. to assemble; to call; to gather
5. imperial court
6. dynasty (line of rulers)
7. emperor's reign; period ruled by a particular emperor or king
8. government; imperial government
9. affairs of the state
10. (historical) courtier class
11. (Huizhou) paternal grandfather
12. to face

    朝著南邊／朝着南边  ―  cháozhe nánbiān  ―  facing the south

13. towards; to; on

    朝前看  ―  cháo qián kàn  ―  look ahead [lit. look to the front]

14. Short for 朝鮮／朝鲜 (Cháoxiǎn, “North Korea; Korea”).

    美朝關係／美朝关系  ―  Měi Cháo guānxì  ―  US-North Korea relations

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 祖父 (“paternal grandfather”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		祖父
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		祖父
Mandarin	Beijing	爺爺
	Taiwan	爺爺, 阿公
	Tianjin	爺爺
	Ulanhot	爺爺
	Tongliao	爺爺
	Chifeng	爺爺
	Bayanhot	爺爺
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	爺爺
	Harbin	爺, 爺爺
	Shenyang	爺, 爺爺
	Yantai (Muping)	爺, 爺爺
	Qingdao	爺爺
	Jinan	爺爺
	Luoyang	爺
	Wanrong	爺
	Zhengzhou	爺爺, 爺 non-face-to-face
	Xi'an	爺, 把把 Hui
	Yinchuan	爺爺
	Lanzhou	爺爺
	Xining	爺爺, 爺, 爺兒
	Ürümqi	爺爺, 阿爺 Hui, face-to-face
	Wuhan	爹爹, 爺爺
	Huanggang	爹爹
	Chengdu	爺爺, 爺
	Guiyang	太爺, 老太爺, 爺爺
	Kunming	老爹
	Guilin	爺爺
	Liuzhou	阿公, 公, 爺爺
	Xuzhou	爺爺
	Yangzhou	爹爹
	Nanjing	爺爺, 把把 Hui
	Hefei	爹爹
	Nantong	爹爹
	Singapore	爺爺
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	爺爺
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	把把
Cantonese	Guangzhou	阿爺, 爺爺 face-to-face
	Hong Kong	阿爺, 爺爺
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	阿公, 阿爺
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	爺公 face-to-face, 阿公 non-face-to-face, 阿爺 non-face-to-face
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	阿公
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	阿公
	Macau	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	阿爺
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	阿公
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	阿公, 阿爺
	Foshan	阿爺
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	阿爺
	Foshan (Shunde)	阿爺
	Foshan (Sanshui)	阿爺
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	阿公
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	阿公
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	阿公
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	阿公
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	阿公
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	阿公
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	阿公
	Taishan	阿爺
	Kaiping (Chikan)	阿爺
	Enping (Niujiang)	阿爺
	Heshan (Yayao)	阿爺
	Dongguan	阿公, 阿爺
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	阿公, 阿爺
	Qingyuan	阿公
	Fogang	阿公
	Yingde (Hanguang)	阿公
	Yangshan	阿公
	Lianshan (Butian)	吾蒙
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	阿公
	Shaoguan	阿公, 阿爺
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	阿公, 阿爺
	Renhua	阿公, 阿爺
	Lechang	阿爺
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	爺爺
	Sihui	阿公, 阿爺
	Guangning	阿公
	Deqing	阿翁, 阿爺
	Huaiji	阿公
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	翁
	Yunfu	阿爺
	Xinxing	阿爺
	Luoding	阿爺
	Yunan (Pingtai)	阿公
	Yangjiang	阿公, 阿爺
	Xinyi	阿公
	Maoming (Xinpo)	阿公
	Lianjiang	阿公, 公爹
	Wuchuan (Wuyang)	爹, 阿爹
	Nanning	阿公, 爺爺
	Wuzhou	爺爺, 阿爺
	Yulin	阿公, 阿爺
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	阿公
	Danzhou	爸
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	阿爺
	Singapore (Guangfu)	爺爺
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	阿爺
Gan	Nanchang	公公, 爺爺
	Lichuan	公, 公兒
	Pingxiang	公公
Hakka	Meixian	阿公
	Xingning	阿公
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	阿公
	Huiyang	阿公
	Huidong (Daling)	阿公
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	阿公
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	阿公
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	阿公
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	阿公
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	阿公
	Wuhua (Changbu)	阿公
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	阿公
	Wuhua (Meilin)	阿公
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	阿公
	Wengyuan	阿公
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	公爹
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	阿公
	Liannan	公
	Conghua (Lütian)	阿公
	Jiexi	阿公
	Luhe	阿公
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	阿公
	Changting	公爹
	Wuping	公爹
	Wuping (Yanqian)	公爹
	Wuping (Pingyu)	阿公
	Liancheng	爹
	Ninghua	公公
	Yudu	公爹 non-face-to-face, 公公 face-to-face
	Ningdu	公公
	Ruijin	公公, 公
	Shicheng	公, 公公
	Shangyou (Shexi)	爹爹, 阿爹
	Tonggu (Sandu)	公爹
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	爹爹
	Dayu	爹爹
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	阿公
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	阿公
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	阿公
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	阿爹, 阿公
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	阿公
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	阿公
	Hong Kong	阿公
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	阿公
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	阿公
	Xinyi (Sihe)	阿公
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	阿公
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	阿公
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	阿公
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	阿公
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	阿公
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	阿公
	Mengshan (Xihe)	公
	Luchuan	阿公
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	阿公
	Sabah (Longchuan)	阿公
	Senai (Huiyang)	阿公
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	阿公
	Singkawang	阿公
Huizhou	Jixi	朝, 阿朝 face-to-face
	Shexian	朝, 朝朝, 朝奉, 老奉
	Tunxi	朝朝, 老朝兒
	Xiuning	阿朝, 阿爹
	Yixian	老官
	Qimen	老兒
	Wuyuan	朝朝
	Fuliang	公公, 大大
	Dexing	老爹
	Jingde	公公
	Shitai (Xianyu)	大大
Jin	Taiyuan	爺爺
	Pingyao	爺爺
	Xinzhou	爺爺 non-face-to-face, 爺爺啊 face-to-face, 呀爺 face-to-face
	Taibus (Baochang)	爺爺
	Linhe	爺爺
	Jining	爺爺
	Hohhot	爺爺
	Baotou	爺爺
	Dongsheng	爺爺
	Haibowan	爺爺
Min Bei	Jian'ou	公公, 爹爹, 老爹 face-to-face, 爺爺 new-style
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	阿公
	Songxi	家公
	Zhenghe	公仔
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	公
	Jianyang	爹爹
	Wuyishan	爹爹
	Pucheng (Shibei)	公爹
Min Dong	Fuzhou	依公, 公
	Changle	依公
	Fuqing	阿公
	Yongtai	依公
	Gutian	公
	Fu'an	公
	Ningde	翁
	Zhouning	阿翁
	Fuding	阿公
	Matsu	依公
	Singapore (Fuqing)	阿公
Min Nan	Xiamen	阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	阿公
	Quanzhou	阿公, 引公, 內公 non-face-to-face
	Jinjiang	俺公, 引公
	Yongchun	阿公, 公
	Zhangzhou	阿公, 咉公, 內公 non-face-to-face
	Zhao'an	公
	Taipei	阿公, 俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face; mT
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	阿公
	Kaohsiung	阿公
	Yilan	阿公
	Changhua (Lukang)	阿公, 俺公
	Taichung	阿公
	Taichung (Wuqi)	阿公
	Tainan	阿公
	Taitung	阿公
	Hsinchu	阿公
	Kinmen	俺公
	Penghu (Magong)	阿公
	Penang (Hokkien)	阿公, 公, 內公
	Singapore (Hokkien)	俺公, 阿公, 內公
	Manila (Hokkien)	俺公, 內公 non-face-to-face
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	阿公
	Chaozhou	阿公
	Shantou	阿公
	Shantou (Chenghai)	阿公
	Jieyang	阿公
	Haifeng	阿公, 公
	Bangkok (Teochew)	阿公
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	阿公
	Singapore (Teochew)	阿公
	Batam (Teochew)	阿公
	Leizhou	尼公, 祖公, 公 face-to-face
	Wenchang	公
	Haikou	爸 non-face-to-face, 公 non-face-to-face, 阿爸 face-to-face, 阿公 face-to-face
	Singapore (Hainanese)	阿公
Puxian Min	Putian	阿公
	Xianyou	阿公
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	爹, 太公, 阿爹, 阿公
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	爹爹
Shehua	Fu'an	翁
	Fuding	阿公
	Luoyuan	阿公
	Sanming	阿公
	Shunchang	阿翁
	Hua'an	公
	Cangnan	公
Wu	Shanghai	老爹, 爺爺
	Shanghai (Chongming)	裡公
	Suzhou	阿爹
	Wuxi	爺爺
	Danyang	爺爺
	Hangzhou	爹爹, 爺爺, 阿爹
	Ningbo	阿爺
	Wenzhou	阿爺, 祖公 non-face-to-face, 祖公爺 non-face-to-face
	Jinhua	爺爺
Xiang	Changsha	爹爹, 爺爺, 公公
	Xiangtan	公公, 公毑
	Loudi	阿公, 公公, 佳佳
	Shuangfeng	公公
	Quanzhou	爹爹
Note	mT - mainstream Taiwanese (no particular region identified)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (朝):

• → Japanese: 朝(ちょう) (chō)
• → Korean: 조(朝) (jo)
• → Vietnamese: triều (朝)

Compounds

• 上朝 (shàngcháo)
• 三朝
• 三朝元老 (sāncháoyuánlǎo)
• 上朝取應／上朝取应
• 不朝
• 中朝
• 二朝廷
• 來朝／来朝
• 元朝 (Yuáncháo)
• 內朝／内朝
• 六朝 (Liùcháo)
• 公朝
• 六朝寫經／六朝写经
• 六朝脂粉
• 六朝金粉
• 前朝
• 勝朝／胜朝
• 勢傾朝野／势倾朝野
• 北朝 (Běicháo)
• 半朝鑾駕／半朝銮驾
• 南北朝 (Nán-Běi Cháo)
• 南朝 (Náncháo)
• 參朝／参朝
• 周朝 (Zhōucháo)
• 唐朝 (Tángcháo)
• 商朝 (Shāngcháo)
• 四腳朝天／四脚朝天
• 回朝 (huícháo)
• 國朝／国朝 (guócháo)
• 在朝 (zàicháo)
• 夏朝 (Xiàcháo)
• 大回朝
• 大隱朝市／大隐朝市
• 天朝 (Tiāncháo)
• 婆羅王朝／婆罗王朝
• 孔雀王朝 (Kǒngquè Wángcháo)
• 宋朝 (Sòngcháo)
• 小朝廷
• 屠牛朝歌
• 市朝
• 廟朝／庙朝
• 得勝回朝／得胜回朝
• 手背朝下
• 改朝換代／改朝换代 (gǎicháohuàndài)
• 新朝 (Xīncháo)
• 斷爛朝報／断烂朝报
• 早朝
• 明朝
• 晉朝／晋朝 (Jìncháo)
• 晏朝
• 朝代 (cháodài)
• 朝儀／朝仪 (cháoyí)
• 朝冶
• 朝向 (cháoxiàng)
• 朝報／朝报
• 朝士
• 朝天 (cháotiān)
• 朝天宮／朝天宫
• 朝天搗亂／朝天捣乱
• 朝天餛飩／朝天馄饨
• 朝天髻
• 朝奉 (cháofèng)
• 朝宗 (cháozōng)
• 朝寄
• 朝山
• 朝巾
• 朝市
• 朝帽
• 朝廷 (cháotíng)
• 朝憲／朝宪
• 朝房
• 朝拜 (cháobài)
• 朝政 (cháozhèng)
• 朝文 (cháowén)
• 朝日 (zhāorì)
• 朝服 (cháofú)
• 朝望
• 朝柄
• 朝歌鼓刀
• 朝正
• 朝獻／朝献
• 朝班
• 朝珠 (cháozhū)
• 朝眾／朝众
• 朝綱／朝纲
• 朝考
• 朝聘
• 朝聖／朝圣 (cháoshèng)
• 朝臣 (cháochén)
• 朝衣
• 朝見／朝见 (cháojiàn)
• 朝覲／朝觐 (cháojìn)
• 朝議／朝议
• 朝貢／朝贡 (cháogòng)
• 朝賀／朝贺 (cháohè)
• 朝貴／朝贵 (cháoguì)
• 朝遷市變／朝迁市变
• 朝野 (cháoyě)
• 朝陽花／朝阳花 (cháoyánghuā)
• 朝隱／朝隐
• 朝頂／朝顶
• 朝鮮／朝鲜
• 朝鮮半島／朝鲜半岛
• 朝鮮文／朝鲜文
• 朝鮮族／朝鲜族
• 朝鮮海峽／朝鲜海峡
• 朝鮮薊／朝鲜蓟 (cháoxiǎnjì)
• 朝鮮語／朝鲜语
• 本朝 (běncháo)
• 東市朝衣／东市朝衣
• 東朝／东朝
• 歷朝／历朝 (lìcháo)
• 波旁王朝
• 滿朝／满朝 (mǎncháo)
• 漢朝／汉朝 (Hàncháo)
• 滿朝文武／满朝文武
• 熙朝 (xīcháo)
• 牝朝
• 王朝 (wángcháo)
• 班師回朝／班师回朝 (bānshīhuícháo)
• 當朝宰相／当朝宰相
• 登朝
• 百鳥朝鳳／百鸟朝凤 (bǎiniǎocháofèng)
• 皇朝 (huángcháo)
• 盤底朝天／盘底朝天
• 視朝／视朝
• 秦朝 (Qíncháo)
• 素面朝天 (sùmiàncháotiān)
• 聖朝／圣朝 (shèngcháo)
• 臨朝／临朝 (líncháo)
• 補掛朝珠／补挂朝珠
• 設朝升殿／设朝升殿
• 貴霜王朝／贵霜王朝
• 迦羅林朝／迦罗林朝
• 遼朝／辽朝 (Liáocháo)
• 金朝 (Jīncháo)
• 隋朝 (Suícháo)
• 頭朝裡／头朝里
• 鳴鳳朝陽／鸣凤朝阳
• 龔黃滿朝／龚黄满朝

 

References

• “朝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[6], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	朝
Kyūjitai	朝󠄁 朝+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	朝󠄃 朝+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

朝

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC trjew, “morning”):

• Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)^{←てう (teu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)^{←てう (teu, historical)}
• Kun: あさ (asa, 朝, Jōyō); あした (ashita, 朝)
• Nanori: とき (toki); はじめ (hajime)

From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC drjew, “dynasty; imperial court; epoch”):

• Go-on: じょう (jō)^{←でう (deu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)^{←てう (teu, historical)}
• Nanori: かた (kata); さ (sa); つと (tsuto); とも (tomo); のり (nori)

Compounds

• 朝臣(あそん) (ason)
• 朝(ちょう)鮮(せん) (Chōsen)
• 後朝(きぬぎぬ) (kinuginu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
朝
あさ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *asa. Attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.

Historically, a day was split into two halves:

• Afternoon cycle: 朝 (asa) → 昼 (hiru) → 夕 (yū)
• Evening cycle: 夕べ (yūbe) → 宵 (yoi) → 夜中 (yonaka) → 暁 (akatsuki) → 朝 (ashita)

While asa and ashita represent the same time period, asa was associated with beginning of the afternoon and ashita was associated with the end of the night. Both terms share an initial as- and are likely etymologically related.

Beyond Japonic, possibly related to Middle Korean 아ᄎᆞᆷ〮 (àchóm, “morning”) > Korean 아침 (achim). Alexander Vovin believes this is a Koreanic borrowing into Japanese, identifying Japanese つとめて (tsutomete) as the native Japonic root for "morning" (Vovin 2010, p. 224).

• However, つとめて (tsutomete) is not attested until the late 800s or early 900s, and root 夙 (tsuto) as in 夙に (tsuto ni, “early in the morning”, adverb) not until roughly 850.

Alternatively, may be cognate with adjective 浅い (asai, “shallow; early”), verbs 浅せる (aseru, “to become shallow”) and 褪せる (aseru, “to fade, to become pale”).

• The concepts of "shallow" and "deep" are used in other respects relative to time, such as 夜更かし (yofukashi, “staying up late into the night”) and 夜更け (yofuke, “very late at night”), where the fuk- root in both terms is from 深い (fukai, “deep; late, long-lasting”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あ​さ [áꜜsà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [a̠sa̠]

• (Kyoto) あさ​ [àsáꜜ] (Teiki - [2])

Noun

朝(あさ) • (asa) 

1. the morning

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 朝(あさ)朝(あさ) (asāsa)
• 朝(あさ)寝(い) (asai)
• 朝(アサ)顔(ガオ) (asagao)
• 朝(あさ)立(た)つ (asatatsu)
• 朝(あさ)露(つゆ) (asatsuyu)
• 朝(あさ)付(づ)く日(ひ) (asazuku hi)
• 朝(あさ)な朝(あさ)な (asa na asa na)
• 朝(あさ)な日(け)に (asa na ke ni)
• 朝(あさ)な夕(ゆう)な (asa na yū na)
• 朝(あさ)寝(ね) (asane)
• 朝(あさ)日(ひ) (asahi)
• 朝(あさ)風(ぶ)呂(ろ) (asaburo)
• 朝(あさ)星(ぼし) (asaboshi)
• 朝(あさ)飯(めし) (asameshi)
• 朝(あさ)湯(ゆ) (asayu)
• 今(け)朝(さ) (kesa)
• 毎(まい)朝(あさ) (maiasa)
• 翌(よく)朝(あさ) (yokuasa)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
朝
あした Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
晨 (morning)

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.

Historically, a day was split into two halves:

• Afternoon cycle: 朝 (asa) → 昼 (hiru) → 夕 (yū)
• Evening cycle: 夕べ (yūbe) → 宵 (yoi) → 夜中 (yonaka) → 暁 (akatsuki) → 朝 (ashita)

While asa and ashita represent the same time period, asa was associated with beginning of the afternoon and ashita was associated with the end of the night. Both terms share an initial as- and are likely etymologically related.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あした​ [àshítáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [a̠ɕita̠]

• (Kyoto) あした [áshítá] (Kōki - [0])

Noun

朝(あした) • (ashita) 

1. (archaic) the morning, morn
2. (archaic) the morrow, next morning

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 明日(あした) (ashita, “tomorrow”)
• 朝所(あいたんどころ) (aitandokoro)
• 朝(あした)の霜(しも) (ashita no shimo)
• 朝(あした)の露(つゆ) (ashita no tsuyu)
• 朝(あした)の原(はら) (ashita no hara)
• 朝(あした)の物(もの) (ashita no mono)
• 年(とし)の朝(あした) (toshi no ashita)
• 後(のち)の朝(あした) (nochi no ashita)
• またの朝(あした) (mata no ashita)
• 弥(み)勒(ろく)竜(りゅう)華(げ)の朝(あした) (Miroku ryūge no ashita)

Idioms

• 朝(あした)に星(ほし)をかずく (ashita ni hoshi o kazuku)
• 朝(あした)に夕(ゆう)べを謀(はか)らず (ashita ni yūbe o hakarazu)

Proverbs

Proverbs

• 朝(あした)には紅(こう)顔(がん)ありて夕(ゆう)べには白(はっ)骨(こつ)となる (ashita ni wa kōgan arite yūbe ni wa hakkotsu to naru)
• 朝(あした)に道(みち)を聞(き)かば夕(ゆう)べに死(し)すとも可(か)なり (ashita ni michi o kikaba yūbe ni shisu tomo ka nari)
• 朝(あした)の雲(くも)夕(ゆう)べの雨(あめ) (ashita no kumo yūbe no ame)
• 一(いち)日(にち)の計(けい)は朝(あさ)にあり、一(いち)年(ねん)の計(けい)は元(がん)旦(たん)にあり (ichinichi no kei wa asa ni ari, ichinen no kei wa gantan ni ari)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
朝
ちょう Grade: 2
on’yomi

/teu/ → /t͡ɕeu/ → /t͡ɕoː/

The “morning” and “Korea” senses are from Middle Chinese 朝 (MC trjew).

The “imperial court”, “dynasty”, and “epoch” senses are from Middle Chinese 朝 (MC drjew), using the 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ちょ​ー [chóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ː]

Noun

朝(ちょう) • (chō) ^{←てう (teu)?}

1. the morning
2. an imperial court
3. an imperial reign or dynasty
4. a country governed by a monarch
5. a bustling place, such as downtown

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 朝(ちょう)する (chōsuru)
• 朝(ちょう)礼(れい) (chōrei)
• 一(いっ)朝(ちょう) (itchō)
• 元(がん)朝(ちょう) (ganchō)
• 毎(まい)朝(ちょう) (maichō)
• 翌(よく)朝(ちょう) (yokuchō)

Suffix

朝(ちょう) • (-chō) ^{←てう (teu)?}

1. dynasty

   ブルボン朝(ちょう) ― Burubon-chō ― the Bourbon Dynasty

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 元(げん)朝(ちょう) (Genchō)
• 唐(とう)朝(ちょう) (Tōchō)
• 奈良(なら)朝(ちょう) (Nara-chō)
• 明(みん)朝(ちょう) (Minchō)

Affix

朝(ちょう) • (chō) ^{←てう (teu)?}

1. morning
2. imperial court
3. (by extension) Japan
4. having an audience with the emperor
5. dynasty, regime
6. (by extension) epoch, period
7. Short for 朝鮮 (Chōsen): Korea, specifically short for 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国 (Chōsen Minshu Shugi Jinmin Kyōwakoku): Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 朝(ちょう)朝(ちょう) (chōchō)
• 朝(ちょう)食(しょく) (chōshoku)
• 朝(ちょう)賀(が) (chōga)
• 朝(ちょう)刊(かん) (chōkan, “morning newspaper”)
• 朝(ちょう)議(ぎ) (chōgi)
• 朝(ちょう)見(けん) (chōken)
• 朝(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)
• 朝(ちょう)臣(しん) (chōshin)
• 朝(ちょう)夕(せき) (chōseki)
• 朝(ちょう)旦(たん) (chōtan)
• 朝(ちょう)廷(てい) (chōtei)
• 朝(ちょう)野(や) (chōya)
• 王(おう)朝(ちょう) (ōchō)
• 帰(き)朝(ちょう) (kichō)
• 後(ご)朝(ちょう) (gochō)
• 後(こう)朝(ちょう) (kōchō)
• 今(こん)朝(ちょう) (konchō)
• 参(さん)朝(ちょう) (sanchō)
• 早(そう)朝(ちょう) (sōchō)
• 天(てん)朝(ちょう) (tenchō)
• 日(にっ)朝(ちょう) (Nitchō)
• 入(にゅう)朝(ちょう) (nyūchō)
• 本(ほん)朝(ちょう) (honchō)
• 明(みょう)朝(ちょう) (myōchō)
• 来(らい)朝(ちょう) (raichō)
• 歴(れき)朝(ちょう) (rekichō)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC trjew).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 됴ᇢ (Yale: tyow) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 됴 (tyo)訓 (Yale: tyo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [조]

Hanja

Wikisource

朝 (eumhun 아침 조 (achim jo))

1. Hanja form^? of 조 (“morning; day”).
2. Hanja form^? of 조 (“Joseon”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 조선 (朝鮮, Joseon)
• 조식 (朝食, josik)
• 조석 (朝夕, joseok)
• 조례 (朝禮, jorye)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 朝 (MC drjew).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 뚀ᇢ (Yale: ttyow) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 됴 (tyo)訓 (Yale: tyo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [조]

Hanja

朝 (eumhun 조정(朝廷) 조)

1. Hanja form^? of 조 (“dynasty; imperial court”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 왕조 (王朝, wangjo)
• 조정 (朝廷, jojeong)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [7]

Okinawan

Kanji

朝

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• On (unclassified): ちょー (chō)
• Kun: あさ (asa, 朝, Jōyō)

Old Japanese

Compounds

• 朝臣 (aso₂mi₁), 朝臣 (aso₂)
• 朝庭 (mi₁kado₁)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Japonic *asa.

The as- stem refers to “the morning” or “after the dawn”, possibly cognate with or an apophonic form of 明日 (asu, “tomorrow”).

Noun

朝 (asa) (kana あさ)

1. the morning, morn

   Antonym: 夕 (yupu)

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:朝.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 朝寢 (asai)
• 朝影 (asakage₂)
• 朝柏 (asakasipa)
• 朝霞 (asakasumi₁)
• 朝風 (asakaze)
• 朝川 (asakapa)
• 朝顏 (asagapo)
• 朝髮の (asakami₁ no₂)
• 朝烏 (asagarasu)
• 朝狩り (asagari)
• 朝霧 (asagi₂ri)
• 朝雲 (asakumo)
• 朝明け (asake₂)
• 朝東風 (*asago₂ti)
• 朝毎 (asago₂to₂)
• 朝去らず (asa sarazu)
• 朝霜 (asasimo)
• 朝立つ (asatatu)
• 朝月の (asaduki₂ no₂)
• 朝月夜 (asadukuyo₁)
• 朝妻 (asaduma)
• 朝露 (asatuyu)
• 朝戸 (asato₁)
• 朝床 (asado₂ko₂)
• 朝鳥の (asato₂ri no₂)
• 朝菜 (asana)
• 朝凪 (asanagi₁)
• 朝な朝な (asa na 'sa na)
• 朝に日に (asa ni ke₂ ni)
• 朝寢髪 (asanegami₁)
• 朝羽振る (asapapuru)
• 朝日 (asapi₁)
• 朝開き (asabi₁raki₁)
• 朝宮 (asami₁ya)
• 朝宵 (asayo₂pi₁)
• 今朝 (ke₁sa)

Descendants

• Japanese: 朝 (asa)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Japonic *asita.

Possibly from 朝 (asa, “morning”, see above) +‎ た (ta, “direction, side”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

朝 (asita) (kana あした)

1. the morrow, next morning

   Antonym: 夕へ (yupupe₁)

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:朝.

Derived terms

• 朝夕へ (asitayupupe₁)

Descendants

• Japanese: 朝, 明日 (ashita)

Vietnamese

Han character

朝: Hán Nôm readings: triều, chầu, chào, tràu, trều, triêu, chiều, giàu, giầu, trào

1. Related to chầu (“to attend an audience; to attend upon (in design)”). (Nguyễn Văn Khang. Từ ngoại lai trong tiếng Việt, 2007)

Readings

• Nôm: chào, chầu, chiều, chìu, dèo, giàu, trào, trèo, triêu, triều

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville