深い
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 深 |
| ふか Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi |
Etymology 1
[edit]From Early Middle Japanese adjective 深し (fukashi), with the 終止形 (shūshikei, “predicative form”) ending in し (shi) first replaced with the 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) ending in き (ki), and then with the medial /-k-/ falling out to result in an ending of い (i). From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *puka.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 深い
| Plain | 深い | ふかい | [fùkáꜜì] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 深くて | ふかくて ふかくて |
[fùkáꜜkùtè] [fúꜜkàkùtè] |
| Continuative | 深く | ふかく ふかく |
[fùkáꜜkù] [fúꜜkàkù] |
| Negative | 深くない | ふかく・ない ふかく・ない |
[fùkáꜜkù náꜜì] [fúꜜkàkù náꜜì] |
| Past | 深かった | ふかかった ふかかった |
[fùkáꜜkàttà] [fúꜜkàkàttà] |
| Negative past | 深くなかった | ふかく・なかった ふかく・なかった |
[fùkáꜜkù náꜜkàttà] [fúꜜkàkù náꜜkàttà] |
| Conditional | 深ければ | ふかければ ふかければ |
[fùkáꜜkèrèbà] [fúꜜkàkèrèbà] |
| Terminal | 深い | ふかい | [fùkáꜜì] |
| Formal | 深いです | ふかいです | [fùkáꜜì dèsù] |
Adjective
[edit]深い • (fukai) -i (adverbial 深く (fukaku))
- deep; profound (extending far down- or inwards)
- deep; rich; thick
- Synonym: 濃い (koi)
- 深い青色 ― fukai aoiro ― a deep blue
- deep; voluminous
- 深い嘆息 ― fukai tansoku ― a deep sigh
- (of a relationship) deep; close; tight; thick
- Synonym: 親密 (shinmitsu)
- 深い縁 ― fukai en ― a deep bond, connection
- deep; profound; significant
- Synonym: 深遠 (shin'en)
- 深い意味 ― fukai imi ― deep meaning
- (of a feeling) deep; profound; intense; strong
- Synonym: 強い (tsuyoi)
- 深い愛情 ― fukai aijō ― deep love
- (of sleep) deep; sound; heavy
- 深く眠る ― fukaku nemuru ― to sleep deeply
- (of a period of time) at its peak
- 夜が深い ― yoru ga fukai ― it's the dead of night
Inflection
[edit]| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 深かろ | ふかかろ | fukakaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 深く | ふかく | fukaku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 深い | ふかい | fukai |
| Attributive (連体形) | 深い | ふかい | fukai |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 深けれ | ふかけれ | fukakere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 深かれ | ふかかれ | fukakare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 深くない | ふかくない | fukaku nai |
| Informal past | 深かった | ふかかった | fukakatta |
| Informal negative past | 深くなかった | ふかくなかった | fukaku nakatta |
| Formal | 深いです | ふかいです | fukai desu |
| Formal negative | 深くないです | ふかくないです | fukaku nai desu |
| Formal past | 深かったです | ふかかったです | fukakatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 深くなかったです | ふかくなかったです | fukaku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 深くて | ふかくて | fukakute |
| Conditional | 深ければ | ふかければ | fukakereba |
| Provisional | 深かったら | ふかかったら | fukakattara |
| Volitional | 深かろう | ふかかろう | fukakarō |
| Adverbial | 深く | ふかく | fukaku |
| Degree | 深さ | ふかさ | fukasa |
Antonyms
[edit]- 浅い (asai)
Etymology 2
[edit]The fukai changes to bukai as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Suffix
[edit]深い • (-bukai) -i (adverbial 深く (-bukaku))
Derived terms
[edit]- 根深い (nebukai)
- 奥深い (okubukai)
- 趣深い (omomukibukai)
- 欲深い (yokubukai)
- 罪深い (tsumibukai)
- 底深い (sokobukai)
- 木深い (kobukai)
- 泥深い (dorobukai)
- 夜深い (yobukai)
- 山深い (yamabukai)
- 草深い (kusabukai)
- 毛深い (kebukai)
- 意味深い (imibukai)
- 用心深い (yōjinbukai)
- 興味深い (kyōmibukai)
- 情け深い (nasakebukai)
- 思慮深い (shiryobukai)
- 疑い深い (utagaibukai)
- 疑り深い (utaguribukai)
- 邪推深い (jasuibukai)
- 信仰深い (shinkōbukai)
- 信心深い (shinjinbukai)
- 意義深い (igibukai)
- 感慨深い (kangaibukai)
- 嫉妬深い (shittobukai)
- 印象深い (inshōbukai)
- 考え深い (kangaebukai)
- 根が深い (negafukai)
- 慈悲深い (jihibukai)
- 恵み深い (megumibukai)
- 愛情深い (aijōbukai)
- 執念深い (shūnenbukai)
- 慎み深い (tsutsushimibukai)
- 注意深い (chūibukai)
- 遠慮深い (enryobukai)
- 迷信深い (meishinbukai)
- 馴染み深い (najimibukai)
- 思い出深い (omoidebukai)
- 味わい深い (ajiwaibukai)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “深”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 [Nationwide Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
- “深い”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 深 read as ふか
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Early Middle Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Early Middle Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with rendaku
- Japanese suffixes