asa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "asa"

Languages (34)

Asturian • Banjarese • Cebuano • Central Bikol • Dutch • Galician • Garo • Indonesian • Irish • Istriot • Japanese • Kabuverdianu • Kavalan • Kazakh • Latin • Latvian • Makasar • Malay • North Tukang Besi • Norwegian Nynorsk • Pagu • Polish • Portuguese • Rotuman • Solon • Spanish • Sundanese • Swahili • Tagalog • Tooro • Turkish • Yami • Zou

Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

asa

(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Pare.

Asturian

Verb

asa

inflection of asar:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Banjarese

**Banjarese cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : asa

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *əsa(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa (*əsa), from Proto-Austronesian *isa (*əsa).

Numeral

asa

one

References

Adelaar, K. A. (1992), Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology‎^[1], Canberra: The Australian National University
Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*isa”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Cebuano

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʔasa/ [ˈʔaː.s̪a]
Hyphenation: a‧sa

Pronoun

asa (Badlit spelling ᜀᜐ)

(interrogative) where
Asa nimo gipalit ang sapatos?
Where did you buy the shoes?

Central Bikol

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit आशा (āśā). Compare Tagalog asa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʔasa/ [ˈʔa.sa]
Hyphenation: a‧sa

Verb

ása (plural arasa, Basahan spelling ᜀᜐ)

to hope; to expect
Synonyms: laom, mawot, arang

Derived terms

Dutch

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Conjunction

asa

abbreviation of als en slechts als (“iff”)

Anagrams

aas

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese (its derivative asado is attested since 1519), from Vulgar Latin asa, from Latin ansa. Compare Portuguese asa, Spanish asa.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈasa/

Noun

asa f (plural asas)

handle (of a container)
Synonym: anga
(rare) wing
Synonym: á
- 1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:
  Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:
  Eu veño con asas negras
  Cortando os ventos de longe
  Para chegar à estas festas.
  The raven speaks, listen everyone:
  "I come with black wings
  Cutting the winds from afar
  To arrive to these feasts"

Derived terms

References

“asa”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
Antón Santamarina, editor (2006–2013), “asa”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Santamarina, Ernesto X. González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “asa”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “asa”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Etymology 2

Verb

asa

inflection of asar:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Garo

Etymology

Borrowed from Bengali আশা (aśa, “hope, expectation”).

Noun

asa

hope

Indonesian

Pronunciation

(Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈasa/ [ˈa.sa]
Rhymes: -asa
Syllabification: a‧sa

Etymology 1

From Malay asa, from Sanskrit आशा (āśā).

Noun

asa (plural asa-asa)

(uncommon) synonym of harapan (“hope”)

Derived terms

(uncommon) asa-asaan (“hopeful”)
(transitive, uncommon) asakan (“to hope”)
putus asa (“hopeless”)

Etymology 2

From Minangkabau asa, from Sanskrit आशा (āśā).

Verb

asa

(dialectal, uncommon) synonym of sangka (“to think, guess, suspect”)

Adverb

asa

(dialectal, uncommon) synonym of sengaja (“intentionally”)

Derived terms

mengasa

Etymology 3

Probably from Sundanese.

Noun

asa (plural asa-asa)

a roof seam, made of coconut leaves

Irish

Noun

asa

inflection of as:
1. genitive singular
2. nominative/dative plural

Mutation

Mutated forms of *asa*
radical	eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
asa	n-asa	hasa	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Istriot

Etymology

Inherited from Latin assēm (“axe”).

Noun

asa f

axe

References

Antonio Pellizzer; Giovanni Pellizzer (1992), Vocabulario del dialetto di Rovigno d'Istria, page 69
Sandro Cergna (2015), Vocabolario del dialetto di Valle d'Istria, →ISBN, page 29

Japanese

Romanization

asa

Rōmaji transcription of あさ

Kabuverdianu

Alternative forms

asá (Barlavento)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-European *h₂dtós

Proto-Italic *assos

Latin assus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin assāre

Old Galician-Portuguese assar

Portuguese assarder.

Kabuverdianu asa

Derived from Portuguese assar.

Verb

asa

(Sotavento) roast

References

Gonçalves, Manuel (2015), Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary (overall work in English), Mili Mila, →ISBN
Veiga, Manuel (2012), Dicionário Caboverdiano-Português, Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro

Kavalan

Noun

asa

price

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	اسا
Cyrillic	аса
Latin	asa

Adverb

asa

Latin spelling of аса (asa, “very, extremely”)

Latin

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Italic *āsā (“altar”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éHsh₂ (“hearth, fireplace”), from *h₂eHs- + *-h₂.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈaː.sa]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈaː.s̬a]

Noun

āsa f (genitive āsae); first declension

archaic form of āra

References

“asa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
"asa", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)

Latvian

Adjective

asa

inflection of ass:
1. genitive masculine singular
2. nominative feminine singular

Makasar

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈasa/, [ˈa.sa]
Hyphenation: a‧sa

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Root

asa (Lontara spelling ᨕᨔ or 𑻱𑻰)

precategorial root related to the roaring or crashing of waves

Derived terms

affixations

anngasa

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

asa (Lontara spelling ᨕᨔ or 𑻱𑻰, definite asaya)

a type of small chestnut

Derived terms

compounds

bua asa

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit आशा (āśā, “hope”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈasa/ [ˈʔa.sa]

Noun

asa (Jawi spelling اس, plural asa-asa)

hope (belief that something wished for can happen)
Synonym: harapan

Verb

asa

to hope (to want something to happen)
Synonym: harap
(obsolete) to worry
Synonym: risau

Derived terms

berputus asa (to give up)

Descendants

Indonesian: asa

References

^ Edi Sedyawati; Ellya Iswati; Kusparyati Boedhijono; Dyah Widjajanti D. (1994), Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, →ISBN, page 15

Sources

Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “اس asa”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek (in Dutch), Haarlem; Amsterdam: John Enschede en Zonen; Frederik Muller, page 7
Wilkinson, R. J. (1901-1903), “اس asa”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Singapore; Hong Kong; Shanghai; Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh Ltd., page 13
Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “asa”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 47

North Tukang Besi

Numeral

asa

one

References

Mark Donohue (1999), A Grammar of Tukang Besi, Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 535

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Related to ese and jest, and even English yeast. Some of the senses are influenced by Middle Low German.

Alternative forms

ase (e infinitive)

Verb

asa (present tense es, past tense os, supine ase, past participle asen, present participle asande, imperative as)

to swell (as a result of fermentation), ferment
to boil, surge

asa (present tense asar, past tense asa, past participle asa, passive infinitive asast, present participle asande, imperative asa/as)

to make a lot of noise
to struggle, strive, toil

Synonyms

(to yeast, ferment): gjære, ese, svelle (opp)
(to boil, surge): bruse opp, gøyse
(to make noise): bråke, støye, mase
(to struggle): streve, kave, mase

Related terms

as n
asen (adjective)
esa, ese (verb)
jest m

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

asa n

definite plural of as

References

“asa” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Pagu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈa.sa]
- Audio: (file)

Verb

asa

to bring

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈa.sa/
Rhymes: -asa
Syllabification: a‧sa

Noun

asa

genitive singular of as

Portuguese

Portuguese Wikipedia has an article on:

asa

Wikipedia ^pt

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zɐ/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈa.zɐ/

Rhymes: -azɐ
Hyphenation: a‧sa

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Latin ānsa

Old Galician-Portuguese asa

Old Galician-Portuguese aainflu.

Portuguese asa

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese asa, from Latin ānsa (“handle”). Merged with Old Galician-Portuguese aa (“wing”), from Latin āla (“wing”). Cognate with Galician asa (“handle”), Spanish asa (“handle”). Doublet of ansa.

Noun

asa f (plural asas)

wing (part of an animal or airplane)
Synonyms: á, ala

Eu encontrei um pássaro com uma asa partida.
I found a bird with a broken wing.
handle (part of an object which is held in the hand when used or moved)
Peguei no balde pela asa.
I picked up the bucket by the handle.

Alternative forms

aza (obsolete)

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Guinea-Bissau Creole: aza
Kabuverdianu: ása, áza
Principense: aza
Sãotomense: aza
- Annobonese: aza
Saramaccan: hánza
→ Galician: aza

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

asa

inflection of asar:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Rotuman

Alternative forms

asạ

Etymology

From Proto-Central Pacific *aza-, from Proto-Oceanic *acan, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ajan, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *ajan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ajan. Cognate with Fijian yaca.

Noun

asa (short form as)

(in general) name
(figuratively) name, reputation, honour
Synonyms: poa, rogo

Derived terms

as heʻoga (“first name, Christian name”)
as kakau (“person's second name (usually given by namesake)”)
as sạmuga (“nickname”)
as togi (“official name (inherited after predecessor's death or resignation)”)

References

Churchward, C.M. (1940), “asa”, in Rotuman Grammar and Dictionary‎^[2], Sydney, Australia: Methodist Church of Australasia, →ISBN, page 176
Inia, Elizabeth K.; Arntsen, Sofie; Schmidt, Hans; Rensel, Jan; Howard, Alan (1998), “name asḁ”, in A New Rotuman Dictionary: An English–Rotuman Wordlist‎^[3], Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, revision of Rotuman Grammar and Dictionary by Churchward, C.M., →ISBN, pages 89, 161

Solon

Noun

asa

tree branch

References

Bayarma Khabtagaeva, Dagur Elements in Solon Evenki, 2012.

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈasa/ [ˈa.sa]
Audio (Colombia): (file)
Rhymes: -asa
Syllabification: a‧sa

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin ānsa. Cognate with Galician asa and Portuguese asa.

Noun

asa f (plural asas)

handle of a vessel or container
Alternative form: ansa (Spain)

Synonym: brazal (archaic)
(Germanía) ear

Usage notes

Before feminine nouns beginning with stressed /ˈa/ like asa, the singular definite article takes the form of el (otherwise reserved for masculine nouns) instead of the usual la: el asa. This includes the contracted forms al and del (instead of a la and de la, respectively): al asa, del asa.

This also applies to the indefinite article, which takes the form of un, which is otherwise used with masculine nouns (although the standard feminine form una also occurs): un asa or una asa. The same is true with determiners algún/alguna and ningún/ninguna, as well as for numerals ending with 1 (e.g., veintiún/veintiuna).

However, if another word intervenes between the article and the noun, the usual feminine singular articles and determiners (la, una etc.) are used: la mejor asa, una buena asa.

In these cases, el and un are not masculine but feminine, deriving from Latin illa and una, respectively, even though they are identical in form to the corresponding masculine singular articles. Thus, they are allomorphs of the feminine singular articles la and una.
The use of these allomorphs does not change the gender agreement of the adjectives modifying the feminine noun: el asa única, un(a) asa buena.
In the plural, the usual feminine plural articles and determiners (las, unas, etc.) are always used.

Etymology 2

Verb

asa

inflection of asar:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Sundanese

Etymology

From Sanskrit रस (rasa, “taste, feeling”)

Verb

asa (Sundanese spelling ᮃᮞ)

to taste
to feel; to reckon; to suppose
Asa aya nu hilap...
Seems like there's something I forgot...
(often reduplicated) to doubt; to hesitate
Tong asa-asa daharna
Don't hesitate to eat it.

Derived terms

Swahili

Pronunciation

Audio (Kenya): (file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic [Term?].

Verb

-asa (infinitive kuasa)

to forbid
to warn
Synonym: -onya

Conjugation

Conjugation of -asa

Positive present	-naasa
Subjunctive	-ase
Negative	-asi
Imperative singular	asa

Infinitives

Positive	kuasa
Negative	kutoasa

Imperatives

Singular	asa
Plural	aseni

Tensed forms

Habitual	huasa
Positive past	positive subject concord + -liasa
Negative past	negative subject concord + -kuasa

Positive present (positive subject concord + -naasa)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		ninaasa/naasa	tunaasa
2nd person		unaasa	mnaasa
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	anaasa	wanaasa
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -naasa

Negative present (negative subject concord + -asi)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		siasi	hatuasi
2nd person		huasi	hamwasi
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	haasi	hawaasi
3rd person	other classes	negative subject concord + -asi

Positive future	positive subject concord + -taasa
Negative future	negative subject concord + -taasa

Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -ase)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		niase	tuase
2nd person		uase	mwase
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	aase	waase
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -ase

Negative subjunctive	positive subject concord + -siase
Positive present conditional	positive subject concord + -ngeasa
Negative present conditional	positive subject concord + -singeasa
Positive past conditional	positive subject concord + -ngaliasa
Negative past conditional	positive subject concord + -singaliasa

Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aasa)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		naasa	twaasa
2nd person		waasa	mwaasa
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	aasa	waasa
	m-mi_(III/IV)	waasa	yaasa
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	laasa	yaasa
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	chaasa	vyaasa
	n_(IX/X)	yaasa	zaasa
	u_(XI)	waasa	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
	ku_(XV/XVII)	kwaasa
	pa_(XVI)	paasa
	mu_(XVIII)	mwaasa

Perfect	positive subject concord + -measa
"Already"	positive subject concord + -meshaasa
"Not yet"	negative subject concord + -jaasa
"If/When"	positive subject concord + -kiasa
"If not"	positive subject concord + -sipoasa
Consecutive	kaasa / positive subject concord + -kaasa
Consecutive subjunctive	positive subject concord + -kaase

Object concord (indicative positive)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		-niasa	-tuasa
2nd person		-kuasa	-waasa/-kuaseni/-waaseni
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	-mwasa	-waasa
	m-mi_(III/IV)	-uasa	-iasa
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	-liasa	-yaasa
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-kiasa	-viasa
	n_(IX/X)	-iasa	-ziasa
	u_(XI)	-uasa	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
	ku_(XV/XVII)	-kuasa
	pa_(XVI)	-paasa
	mu_(XVIII)	-muasa
Reflexive		-jiasa

Relative forms

General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -asa- + relative marker)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-asaye	-asao
m-mi_(III/IV)	-asao	-asayo
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-asalo	-asayo
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-asacho	-asavyo
n_(IX/X)	-asayo	-asazo
u_(XI)	-asao	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
ku_(XV/XVII)	-asako
pa_(XVI)	-asapo
mu_(XVIII)	-asamo

Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -asa)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-yeasa	-oasa
m-mi_(III/IV)	-oasa	-yoasa
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-loasa	-yoasa
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-choasa	-vyoasa
n_(IX/X)	-yoasa	-zoasa
u_(XI)	-oasa	see n_(X)* or ma_(VI) class*
ku_(XV/XVII)	-koasa
pa_(XVI)	-poasa
mu_(XVIII)	-moasa

Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic [Term?].

Noun

asa class IX (plural asa class X)

walking stick, staff
Synonyms: mkongojo, fimbo

Tagalog

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd

Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáH

Sanskrit आ (ā)

Sanskrit आ- (ā-)

Proto-Indo-European *ḱem-?

Proto-Indo-European *ḱens-

Sanskrit शस् (śas)

Sanskrit आ॒शस् (āśás)

Sanskrit आशा (āśā)bor.

Tagalog asa

Borrowed from Sanskrit आशा (āśā), from आ॒शस् (āśás), from आ- (ā-) + शस् (śas, “to praise, wish”). Compare Central Bikol asa, Malay asa, and Tamil ஆசை (ācai).

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈʔasa/ [ˈʔaː.sɐ]
Rhymes: -asa
Syllabification: a‧sa

Noun

asa (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ)

Derived terms

Descendants

→ Aklanon: asa

Interjection

asa (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜐ)

you wish!

Alternative forms

asa ka, asa ka pa

Anagrams

saa

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Common Bantu *-játia, equivalent to -ata +‎ -y- (short causative infix).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /áːsa/

Verb

-asa (infinitive okwasa) (transitive)

causative of -ata:
1. to split, chop
  Synonym: -leremura

Conjugation

Conjugation of -asa

infinitives

affirmative

okwasa

negative

okutaasa

imperatives

affirmative

yasa

negative

(see second-person negative subjunctive forms)

tense

polarity

basic forms

relative forms¹

present habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -asa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nyasa	twasa
second person		oyasa	mwasa
third person	1/2	ayasa	baasa
	3/4	gwasa	eyasa
	5/6	lyasa	gaasa
	7/8	kyasa	byasa
	9/10	eyasa	zaasa
	11/10	rwasa	zaasa
	12/14	kaasa	bwasa
	13	—	twasa
	14/6	bwasa	gaasa
	15/6	kwasa	gaasa
	16	haasa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -asa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinyasa	titwasa
second person		toyasa	timwasa
third person	1/2	tayasa	tibaasa
	3/4	tigwasa	teyasa
	5/6	tiryasa	tigaasa
	7/8	tikyasa	tibyasa
	9/10	teyasa	tizaasa
	11/10	tirwasa	tizaasa
	12/14	tikaasa	tibwasa
	13	—	titwasa
	14/6	tibwasa	tigaasa
	15/6	tikwasa	tigaasa
	16	tihaasa	—

subject concord + -taasa

present continuous

affirmative

ni- + *subject concord* + -asa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ninyasa	nitwasa
second person		nooyasa	nimwasa
third person	1/2	naayasa	nibaasa
	3/4	nigwasa	neeyasa
	5/6	niryasa	nigaasa
	7/8	nikyasa	nibyasa
	9/10	neeyasa	nizaasa
	11/10	nirwasa	nizaasa
	12/14	nikaasa	nibwasa
	13	—	nitwasa
	14/6	nibwasa	nigaasa
	15/6	nikwasa	nigaasa
	16	nihaasa	—

subject concord + -rukwasa

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -rukwasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tindukwasa	titurukwasa
second person		torukwasa	timurukwasa
third person	1/2	tarukwasa	tibarukwasa
	3/4	tigurukwasa	terukwasa
	5/6	tirirukwasa	tigarukwasa
	7/8	tikirukwasa	tibirukwasa
	9/10	terukwasa	tizirukwasa
	11/10	tirurukwasa	tizirukwasa
	12/14	tikarukwasa	tiburukwasa
	13	—	titurukwasa
	14/6	tiburukwasa	tigarukwasa
	15/6	tikurukwasa	tigarukwasa
	16	tiharukwasa	—

subject concord + -tarukwasa

present continuative

affirmative

ni- + *subject concord* + -kyayasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ninkyayasa	nitukyayasa
second person		nookyayasa	nimukyayasa
third person	1/2	naakyayasa	nibakyayasa
	3/4	nigukyayasa	neekyayasa
	5/6	nirikyayasa	nigakyayasa
	7/8	nikikyayasa	nibikyayasa
	9/10	neekyayasa	nizikyayasa
	11/10	nirukyayasa	nizikyayasa
	12/14	nikakyayasa	nibukyayasa
	13	—	nitukyayasa
	14/6	nibukyayasa	nigakyayasa
	15/6	nikukyayasa	nigakyayasa
	16	nihakyayasa	—

subject concord + -rukukyayasa

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kyayasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkyayasa	titukyayasa
second person		tokyayasa	timukyayasa
third person	1/2	takyayasa	tibakyayasa
	3/4	tigukyayasa	tekyayasa
	5/6	tirikyayasa	tigakyayasa
	7/8	tikikyayasa	tibikyayasa
	9/10	tekyayasa	tizikyayasa
	11/10	tirukyayasa	tizikyayasa
	12/14	tikakyayasa	tibukyayasa
	13	—	titukyayasa
	14/6	tibukyayasa	tigakyayasa
	15/6	tikukyayasa	tigakyayasa
	16	tihakyayasa	—

subject concord + -takyayasa

virtual present

affirmative

*subject concord* + -ayasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nayasa	twayasa
second person		wayasa	mwayasa
third person	1/2	yayasa	baayasa
	3/4	gwayasa	yayasa
	5/6	lyayasa	gaayasa
	7/8	kyayasa	byayasa
	9/10	yayasa	zaayasa
	11/10	rwayasa	zaayasa
	12/14	kaayasa	bwayasa
	13	—	twayasa
	14/6	bwayasa	gaayasa
	15/6	kwayasa	gaayasa
	16	haayasa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + ayasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinayasa	titwayasa
second person		tiwayasa	timwayasa
third person	1/2	tiyayasa	tibaayasa
	3/4	tigwayasa	tiyayasa
	5/6	tiryayasa	tigaayasa
	7/8	tikyayasa	tibyayasa
	9/10	tiyayasa	tizaayasa
	11/10	tirwayasa	tizaayasa
	12/14	tikaayasa	tibwayasa
	13	—	titwayasa
	14/6	tibwayasa	tigaayasa
	15/6	tikwayasa	tigaayasa
	16	tihaayasa	—

subject concord + -taayasa

present perfect

affirmative

*subject concord* + -asize
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nyasize	twasize
second person		oyasize	mwasize
third person	1/2	ayasize	baasize
	3/4	gwasize	eyasize
	5/6	lyasize	gaasize
	7/8	kyasize	byasize
	9/10	eyasize	zaasize
	11/10	rwasize	zaasize
	12/14	kaasize	bwasize
	13	—	twasize
	14/6	bwasize	gaasize
	15/6	kwasize	gaasize
	16	haasize	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -asize
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinyasize	titwasize
second person		toyasize	timwasize
third person	1/2	tayasize	tibaasize
	3/4	tigwasize	teyasize
	5/6	tiryasize	tigaasize
	7/8	tikyasize	tibyasize
	9/10	teyasize	tizaasize
	11/10	tirwasize	tizaasize
	12/14	tikaasize	tibwasize
	13	—	titwasize
	14/6	tibwasize	tigaasize
	15/6	tikwasize	tigaasize
	16	tihaasize	—

subject concord + -taasize

near perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -akaasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nakaasa	twakaasa
second person		wakaasa	mwakaasa
third person	1/2	yakaasa	baakaasa
	3/4	gwakaasa	yakaasa
	5/6	lyakaasa	gaakaasa
	7/8	kyakaasa	byakaasa
	9/10	yakaasa	zaakaasa
	11/10	rwakaasa	zaakaasa
	12/14	kaakaasa	bwakaasa
	13	—	twakaasa
	14/6	bwakaasa	gaakaasa
	15/6	kwakaasa	gaakaasa
	16	haakaasa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kaasize
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkaasize	titukaasize
second person		tokaasize	timukaasize
third person	1/2	takaasize	tibakaasize
	3/4	tigukaasize	tekaasize
	5/6	tirikaasize	tigakaasize
	7/8	tikikaasize	tibikaasize
	9/10	tekaasize	tizikaasize
	11/10	tirukaasize	tizikaasize
	12/14	tikakaasize	tibukaasize
	13	—	titukaasize
	14/6	tibukaasize	tigakaasize
	15/6	tikukaasize	tigakaasize
	16	tihakaasize	—

subject concord + -takaasize

near past

affirmative

*subject concord* + -asizeege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nyasizeege	twasizeege
second person		oyasizeege	mwasizeege
third person	1/2	ayasizeege	baasizeege
	3/4	gwasizeege	eyasizeege
	5/6	lyasizeege	gaasizeege
	7/8	kyasizeege	byasizeege
	9/10	eyasizeege	zaasizeege
	11/10	rwasizeege	zaasizeege
	12/14	kaasizeege	bwasizeege
	13	—	twasizeege
	14/6	bwasizeege	gaasizeege
	15/6	kwasizeege	gaasizeege
	16	haasizeege	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -asizeege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinyasizeege	titwasizeege
second person		toyasizeege	timwasizeege
third person	1/2	tayasizeege	tibaasizeege
	3/4	tigwasizeege	teyasizeege
	5/6	tiryasizeege	tigaasizeege
	7/8	tikyasizeege	tibyasizeege
	9/10	teyasizeege	tizaasizeege
	11/10	tirwasizeege	tizaasizeege
	12/14	tikaasizeege	tibwasizeege
	13	—	titwasizeege
	14/6	tibwasizeege	tigaasizeege
	15/6	tikwasizeege	tigaasizeege
	16	tihaasizeege	—

subject concord + -taasizeege

remote past

affirmative

*subject concord* + -kaasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nkaasa	tukaasa
second person		okaasa	mukaasa
third person	1/2	akaasa	bakaasa
	3/4	gukaasa	ekaasa
	5/6	likaasa	gakaasa
	7/8	kikaasa	bikaasa
	9/10	ekaasa	zikaasa
	11/10	rukaasa	zikaasa
	12/14	kakaasa	bukaasa
	13	—	tukaasa
	14/6	bukaasa	gakaasa
	15/6	kukaasa	gakaasa
	16	hakaasa	—

subject concord + -ayasize

negative

*subject concord* + -taase
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ntaase	tutaase
second person		otaase	mutaase
third person	1/2	ataase	bataase
	3/4	gutaase	etaase
	5/6	litaase	gataase
	7/8	kitaase	bitaase
	9/10	etaase	ziitaase
	11/10	rutaase	ziitaase
	12/14	kataase	butaase
	13	—	tutaase
	14/6	butaase	gataase
	15/6	kutaase	gataase
	16	hataase	—

subject concord + -tarayasize

experiential perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -rayasize
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndayasize	turayasize
second person		orayasize	murayasize
third person	1/2	arayasize	barayasize
	3/4	gurayasize	erayasize
	5/6	lirayasize	garayasize
	7/8	kirayasize	birayasize
	9/10	erayasize	zirayasize
	11/10	rurayasize	zirayasize
	12/14	karayasize	burayasize
	13	—	turayasize
	14/6	burayasize	garayasize
	15/6	kurayasize	garayasize
	16	harayasize	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -kaasaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinkaasaaga	titukaasaaga
second person		tokaasaaga	timukaasaaga
third person	1/2	takaasaaga	tibakaasaaga
	3/4	tigukaasaaga	tekaasaaga
	5/6	tirikaasaaga	tigakaasaaga
	7/8	tikikaasaaga	tibikaasaaga
	9/10	tekaasaaga	tizikaasaaga
	11/10	tirukaasaaga	tizikaasaaga
	12/14	tikakaasaaga	tibukaasaaga
	13	—	titukaasaaga
	14/6	tibukaasaaga	tigakaasaaga
	15/6	tikukaasaaga	tigakaasaaga
	16	tihakaasaaga	—

subject concord + -takaasaaga

cessative perfective

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aayasize
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naayasize	twayasize
second person		waayasize	mwayasize
third person	1/2	yaayasize	baayasize
	3/4	gwayasize	yaayasize
	5/6	lyayasize	gaayasize
	7/8	kyayasize	byayasize
	9/10	yaayasize	zaayasize
	11/10	rwayasize	zaayasize
	12/14	kaayasize	bwayasize
	13	—	twayasize
	14/6	bwayasize	gaayasize
	15/6	kwayasize	gaayasize
	16	haayasize	—

past habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -ayasaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nayasaaga	twayasaaga
second person		wayasaaga	mwayasaaga
third person	1/2	yayasaaga	baayasaaga
	3/4	gwayasaaga	yayasaaga
	5/6	lyayasaaga	gaayasaaga
	7/8	kyayasaaga	byayasaaga
	9/10	yayasaaga	zaayasaaga
	11/10	rwayasaaga	zaayasaaga
	12/14	kaayasaaga	bwayasaaga
	13	—	twayasaaga
	14/6	bwayasaaga	gaayasaaga
	15/6	kwayasaaga	gaayasaaga
	16	haayasaaga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + ayasaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinayasaaga	titwayasaaga
second person		tiwayasaaga	timwayasaaga
third person	1/2	tiyayasaaga	tibaayasaaga
	3/4	tigwayasaaga	tiyayasaaga
	5/6	tiryayasaaga	tigaayasaaga
	7/8	tikyayasaaga	tibyayasaaga
	9/10	tiyayasaaga	tizaayasaaga
	11/10	tirwayasaaga	tizaayasaaga
	12/14	tikaayasaaga	tibwayasaaga
	13	—	titwayasaaga
	14/6	tibwayasaaga	tigaayasaaga
	15/6	tikwayasaaga	tigaayasaaga
	16	tihaayasaaga	—

subject concord + -taayasaaga

near future

affirmative

*subject concord* + -raayasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndaayasa	turaayasa
second person		oraayasa	muraayasa
third person	1/2	araayasa	baraayasa
	3/4	guraayasa	eraayasa
	5/6	liraayasa	garaayasa
	7/8	kiraayasa	biraayasa
	9/10	eraayasa	ziraayasa
	11/10	ruraayasa	ziraayasa
	12/14	karaayasa	buraayasa
	13	—	turaayasa
	14/6	buraayasa	garaayasa
	15/6	kuraayasa	garaayasa
	16	haraayasa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aayase
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaayase	titwayase
second person		tiwaayase	timwayase
third person	1/2	tiyaayase	tibaayase
	3/4	tigwayase	tiyaayase
	5/6	tiryayase	tigaayase
	7/8	tikyayase	tibyayase
	9/10	tiyaayase	tizaayase
	11/10	tirwayase	tizaayase
	12/14	tikaayase	tibwayase
	13	—	titwayase
	14/6	tibwayase	tigaayase
	15/6	tikwayase	tigaayase
	16	tihaayase	—

subject concord + -taayase

remote future

affirmative

*subject concord* + -lyasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndyasa	tulyasa
second person		olyasa	mulyasa
third person	1/2	alyasa	balyasa
	3/4	gulyasa	eryasa
	5/6	liryasa	galyasa
	7/8	kiryasa	biryasa
	9/10	eryasa	ziryasa
	11/10	rulyasa	ziryasa
	12/14	kalyasa	bulyasa
	13	—	tulyasa
	14/6	bulyasa	galyasa
	15/6	kulyasa	galyasa
	16	halyasa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -lyasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tindyasa	titulyasa
second person		tolyasa	timulyasa
third person	1/2	talyasa	tibalyasa
	3/4	tigulyasa	teryasa
	5/6	tiriryasa	tigalyasa
	7/8	tikiryasa	tibiryasa
	9/10	teryasa	tiziryasa
	11/10	tirulyasa	tiziryasa
	12/14	tikalyasa	tibulyasa
	13	—	titulyasa
	14/6	tibulyasa	tigalyasa
	15/6	tikulyasa	tigalyasa
	16	tihalyasa	—

subject concord + -talyasa

future habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + -raayasaaga
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ndaayasaaga	turaayasaaga
second person		oraayasaaga	muraayasaaga
third person	1/2	araayasaaga	baraayasaaga
	3/4	guraayasaaga	eraayasaaga
	5/6	liraayasaaga	garaayasaaga
	7/8	kiraayasaaga	biraayasaaga
	9/10	eraayasaaga	ziraayasaaga
	11/10	ruraayasaaga	ziraayasaaga
	12/14	karaayasaaga	buraayasaaga
	13	—	turaayasaaga
	14/6	buraayasaaga	garaayasaaga
	15/6	kuraayasaaga	garaayasaaga
	16	haraayasaaga	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aayaseege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaayaseege	titwayaseege
second person		tiwaayaseege	timwayaseege
third person	1/2	tiyaayaseege	tibaayaseege
	3/4	tigwayaseege	tiyaayaseege
	5/6	tiryayaseege	tigaayaseege
	7/8	tikyayaseege	tibyayaseege
	9/10	tiyaayaseege	tizaayaseege
	11/10	tirwayaseege	tizaayaseege
	12/14	tikaayaseege	tibwayaseege
	13	—	titwayaseege
	14/6	tibwayaseege	tigaayaseege
	15/6	tikwayaseege	tigaayaseege
	16	tihaayaseege	—

subject concord + -taayaseege

subjunctive

affirmative

*subject concord* + ase
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nyase	twase
second person		oyase	mwase
third person	1/2	ayase	baase
	3/4	gwase	eyase
	5/6	lyase	gaase
	7/8	kyase	byase
	9/10	eyase	zaase
	11/10	rwase	zaase
	12/14	kaase	bwase
	13	—	twase
	14/6	bwase	gaase
	15/6	kwase	gaase
	16	haase	—

negative

*subject concord* + -taasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		ntaasa	tutaasa
second person		otaasa	mutaasa
third person	1/2	ataasa	bataasa
	3/4	gutaasa	etaasa
	5/6	litaasa	gataasa
	7/8	kitaasa	bitaasa
	9/10	etaasa	zitaasa
	11/10	rutaasa	zitaasa
	12/14	kataasa	butaasa
	13	—	tutaasa
	14/6	butaasa	gataasa
	15/6	kutaasa	gataasa
	16	hataasa	—

—

subjunctive habitual

affirmative

*subject concord* + aseege
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		nyaseege	twaseege
second person		oyaseege	mwaseege
third person	1/2	ayaseege	baaseege
	3/4	gwaseege	eyaseege
	5/6	lyaseege	gaaseege
	7/8	kyaseege	byaseege
	9/10	eyaseege	zaaseege
	11/10	rwaseege	zaaseege
	12/14	kaaseege	bwaseege
	13	—	twaseege
	14/6	bwaseege	gaaseege
	15/6	kwaseege	gaaseege
	16	haaseege	—

hypothetical

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aakwasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naakwasa	twakwasa
second person		waakwasa	mwakwasa
third person	1/2	yaakwasa	baakwasa
	3/4	gwakwasa	yaakwasa
	5/6	lyakwasa	gaakwasa
	7/8	kyakwasa	byakwasa
	9/10	yaakwasa	zaakwasa
	11/10	rwakwasa	zaakwasa
	12/14	kaakwasa	bwakwasa
	13	—	twakwasa
	14/6	bwakwasa	gaakwasa
	15/6	kwakwasa	gaakwasa
	16	haakwasa	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aakwasa
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaakwasa	titwakwasa
second person		tiwaakwasa	timwakwasa
third person	1/2	tiyaakwasa	tibaakwasa
	3/4	tigwakwasa	tiyaakwasa
	5/6	tiryakwasa	tigaakwasa
	7/8	tikyakwasa	tibyakwasa
	9/10	tiyaakwasa	tizaakwasa
	11/10	tirwakwasa	tizaakwasa
	12/14	tikaakwasa	tibwakwasa
	13	—	titwakwasa
	14/6	tibwakwasa	tigaakwasa
	15/6	tikwakwasa	tigaakwasa
	16	tihaakwasa	—

subject concord + -taakwasa

conditional

affirmative

*subject concord* + -aakwasize
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		naakwasize	twakwasize
second person		waakwasize	mwakwasize
third person	1/2	yaakwasize	baakwasize
	3/4	gwakwasize	yaakwasize
	5/6	lyakwasize	gaakwasize
	7/8	kyakwasize	byakwasize
	9/10	yaakwasize	zaakwasize
	11/10	rwakwasize	zaakwasize
	12/14	kaakwasize	bwakwasize
	13	—	twakwasize
	14/6	bwakwasize	gaakwasize
	15/6	kwakwasize	gaakwasize
	16	haakwasize	—

negative

ti- + *subject concord* + -aakwasize
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		tinaakwasize	titwakwasize
second person		tiwaakwasize	timwakwasize
third person	1/2	tiyaakwasize	tibaakwasize
	3/4	tigwakwasize	tiyaakwasize
	5/6	tiryakwasize	tigaakwasize
	7/8	tikyakwasize	tibyakwasize
	9/10	tiyaakwasize	tizaakwasize
	11/10	tirwakwasize	tizaakwasize
	12/14	tikaakwasize	tibwakwasize
	13	—	titwakwasize
	14/6	tibwakwasize	tigaakwasize
	15/6	tikwakwasize	tigaakwasize
	16	tihaakwasize	—

subject concord + -taakwasize

object concords
person	noun class	singular	plural
first person		-nyasa	-twasa
second person		-kwasa	-baasa
third person	1/2	-mwasa	-baasa
	3/4	-gwasa	-gyasa
	5/6	-lyasa	-gaasa
	7/8	-kyasa	-byasa
	9/10	-gyasa	-zaasa
	11/10	-rwasa	-zaasa
	12/14	-kaasa	-bwasa
	13	—	-twasa
	14/6	-bwasa	-gaasa
	15/6	-kwasa	-gaasa
	16	-haasa	—

¹ The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

Derived terms

Nominal derivations:
- ekyasi (“split firewood; plank”)

References

Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[6], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 135, 291
Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[7], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 9
Entry 9491 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3

Turkish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-West Semitic *ʕaṣay-

Arabic عَصًا (ʕaṣan)bor.

Ottoman Turkish عصا

Turkish asa

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish عصا, borrowed from Arabic عَصًا (ʕaṣan, “staff, stick”).

Noun

asa (definite accusative asayı, plural asalar)

scepter
stick used to walk

Declension

Declension of asa

	singular	plural
nominative	asa	asalar
definite accusative	asayı	asaları
dative	asaya	asalara
locative	asada	asalarda
ablative	asadan	asalardan
genitive	asanın	asaların

Possessive forms
nominative
	singular	plural
1st singular	asam	asalarım
2nd singular	asan	asaların
3rd singular	asası	asaları
1st plural	asamız	asalarımız
2nd plural	asanız	asalarınız
3rd plural	asaları	asaları
definite accusative
	singular	plural
1st singular	asamı	asalarımı
2nd singular	asanı	asalarını
3rd singular	asasını	asalarını
1st plural	asamızı	asalarımızı
2nd plural	asanızı	asalarınızı
3rd plural	asalarını	asalarını
dative
	singular	plural
1st singular	asama	asalarıma
2nd singular	asana	asalarına
3rd singular	asasına	asalarına
1st plural	asamıza	asalarımıza
2nd plural	asanıza	asalarınıza
3rd plural	asalarına	asalarına
locative
	singular	plural
1st singular	asamda	asalarımda
2nd singular	asanda	asalarında
3rd singular	asasında	asalarında
1st plural	asamızda	asalarımızda
2nd plural	asanızda	asalarınızda
3rd plural	asalarında	asalarında
ablative
	singular	plural
1st singular	asamdan	asalarımdan
2nd singular	asandan	asalarından
3rd singular	asasından	asalarından
1st plural	asamızdan	asalarımızdan
2nd plural	asanızdan	asalarınızdan
3rd plural	asalarından	asalarından
genitive
	singular	plural
1st singular	asamın	asalarımın
2nd singular	asanın	asalarının
3rd singular	asasının	asalarının
1st plural	asamızın	asalarımızın
2nd plural	asanızın	asalarınızın
3rd plural	asalarının	asalarının

References

“asa”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “asa”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Yami

**Yami cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : asa

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa, *asa.

Numeral

asa

one

Zou

Etymology

From a- (agentive nominaliser) +‎ sà (“to sing”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʔʌ̄.sʌ̀]
Hyphenation: a‧sa

Noun

asà

singer

References

Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 68

[1] Edi Sedyawati; Ellya Iswati; Kusparyati Boedhijono; Dyah Widjajanti D. (1994), Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, →ISBN, page 15

[1]

Translingual

Symbol

See also

Asturian

Verb

Banjarese

Etymology

Numeral

References

Cebuano

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Central Bikol

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Derived terms

Dutch

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Anagrams

Galician

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

References

Etymology 2

Verb

Garo

Etymology

Noun

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

Adverb

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Noun

Further reading

Irish

Noun

Mutation

Istriot

Etymology

Noun

References

Japanese

Romanization

Kabuverdianu

Alternative forms

Etymology

Verb

References

Kavalan

Noun

Kazakh

Adverb

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Latvian

Adjective

Makasar

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Root

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms

Further reading

Malay