semangat

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay semangat, from Proto-Malayic *sumaŋət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumaŋed (“soul of a living being; soul of the rice plant”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /səˈmaŋat/ [səˈma.ŋat̪̚]
• Rhymes: -aŋat
• Syllabification: se‧ma‧ngat

Noun

sêmangat (plural semangat-semangat)

1. soul:

   Synonyms: roh, tenaga

   1. the spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality, often believed to live on after the person's death
   2. the spirit or essence of anything
   3. life, energy, vigor
2. spirit:

   Synonym: nyala-nyala

   1. the soul of a person or other creature
   2. a supernatural being, often but not exclusively without physical form
   3. enthusiasm
   4. the manner or style of something

      Ini bertentangan dengan semangat perjanjian. ― This goes against the spirit of the agreement.

   5. temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or disposition; intellectual or moral state
3. consciousness, awareness: the state of being conscious or aware

   Synonym: kesadaran

4. gusto, zest, enthusiasm

   Synonyms: kehendakan, perasaan

5. lust

   Synonym: nafsu

6. ardor
   1. great warmth of feeling; fervor; passion
   2. spirit; enthusiasm; passion
7. morale: the capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneself and others
8. energy: the impetus behind all motion and all activity

Derived terms

• bersemangat
• disemangati
• disemangatkan
• menyemangati
• menyemangatkan
• penyemangatan

• semangat bahari
• semangat baja
• semangat padi

Interjection

semangat

1. good luck!

   Synonym: semoga beruntung

   Synonym: semoga berjaya (Standard Malay)

Further reading

• “semangat”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *sumaŋət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumaŋed (“soul of a living being; soul of the rice plant”). Cognate to Banjarese sumangat and Kendayan sumangat.

Pronunciation

• (Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /səˈmaŋat/ [səˈma.ŋat̪̚]
• Rhymes: -ŋat, -at
• Hyphenation: se‧ma‧ngat

Noun

semangat (Jawi spelling سماڠت, plural semangat-semangat or semangat²)

1. soul of a being (both inanimate and animate)

   Synonym: roh

   semangat padi ― soul of the rice paddy

2. desire to do something

   Synonym: kemahuan

   semangat bekerja ― passion in working

3. meaning or purpose of a particular agreement

   Synonyms: tujuan, niat

   semangat perjanjian Asean ― purpose of the Asean agreement

4. feeling

   Synonyms: jiwa, perasaan

   semangat kesukanan ― sporty feeling

Derived terms

Affixations

• bersemangat
• disemangati
• menyemangati
• semangati

Compounds

• semangat kesukanan
• semangat waja

Descendants

• > Indonesian: semangat (inherited)

Further reading

• "semangat" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "semangat" at PRPM first version)
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*sumaŋed”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI