ala

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ala"

English

Etymology 1

Originated 1730–40, borrowed from Latin āla (“wing”). Doublet of aisle.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈeɪ.lə/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪlə

Noun

ala (plural alae or alæ)

1. (anatomy) A wing or winglike anatomic process or part, especially of bone.
2. (botany) The flattened border of some stems, fruits, and seeds, or one of the two side petals of certain flowers in the pea family.
3. (architecture) In ancient Rome, a small room opening into a larger room or courtyard.

Translations

side petal of certain flowers

• Armenian: թիակ (hy) (tʿiak)
• Russian: весло́ (ru) n (vesló), крыло́ (ru) n (kryló)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French à la, by way of its English derivation a la.

Preposition

ala

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of a la.
   • 2006, WorstPreviews.com‎^[4], archived from the original on 7 June 2020:

     The film is told in reverse ala Memento.

   • 2008 November 14, admin, “Quantum of Solace”, in Film Threat‎^[5]:

     […] interactive plasma screens with flashing digits and what not, ala “Minority Report,” […]

   • 2011 March 11, Aaron Blake, Chris Cillizza, “Palin: The GOP's Pelosi?”, in The Fix‎^[6]:

     […] we might be getting to the point where Palin is a bona fide liability—ala Pelosi—for the GOP.

   • 2011 April 11, Charles Gasparino, “Duncan Niederauer Calling the Shots for NYSE Is Bad News for Shareholders”, in HuffPost‎^[7]:

     […] the NYSE didn't implode ala Merrill […]

References

• “ala”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• “ala”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, →ISBN.
• “ala”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• “ala” examples at Wordnik

Anagrams

• AAL, Aal, aal

Afar

Etymology 1

Ala (1.1).

Related to Saho aluula.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈala/, [ˈʔʌlʌ]
• Hyphenation: a‧la

Noun

ála m (plural alluwwá f or alwá f)

1. animal, wild animal
2. European, white person (clarification of this definition is needed)

Declension

Declension of ála
absolutive	ála
predicative	ála
subjective	alí
genitive	alí
Postpositioned forms l-case álal k-case álak t-case álat h-case álah

Derived terms

• darot-ála

 

Etymology 2

Ala (2).

Related to Somali hal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈla/, [ʔʌˈlʌ]
• Hyphenation: a‧la

Noun

alá f (masculine rakúb, plural aloolí f)

1. female camel

Declension

Declension of alá
absolutive	alá
predicative	alá
subjective	alá
genitive	alá
Postpositioned forms l-case alál k-case alák t-case alát h-case aláh

Hypernyms

• gaaláytu

See also

• nargó
• addó
• erartó

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 37
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 24
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[8], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin āla (“wing”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈala/, [ˈa.la]

Noun

ala f (plural ales)

1. wing
2. fin

   Synonym: aleta

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑˈɫɑ/

• Audio (Baku)

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *āla.

Adjective

ala (comparative daha ala, superlative ən ala)

1. variegated
2. (poetic) blue (of eyes)

   ala gözlər ― blue eyes

Derived terms

• alagöz
• alagözlü

Noun

ala (definite accusative alanı, plural alalar)

1. vitiligo (the patchy loss of skin pigmentation.)

Declension

Declension of ala
	singular	plural
nominative	ala	alalar
definite accusative	alanı	alaları
dative	alaya	alalara
locative	alada	alalarda
ablative	aladan	alalardan
definite genitive	alanın	alaların

Possessive forms of ala
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	alam	alalarım
sənin (“your”)	alan	alaların
onun (“his/her/its”)	alası	alaları
bizim (“our”)	alamız	alalarımız
sizin (“your”)	alanız	alalarınız
onların (“their”)	alası or alaları	alaları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	alamı	alalarımı
sənin (“your”)	alanı	alalarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	alasını	alalarını
bizim (“our”)	alamızı	alalarımızı
sizin (“your”)	alanızı	alalarınızı
onların (“their”)	alasını or alalarını	alalarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	alama	alalarıma
sənin (“your”)	alana	alalarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	alasına	alalarına
bizim (“our”)	alamıza	alalarımıza
sizin (“your”)	alanıza	alalarınıza
onların (“their”)	alasına or alalarına	alalarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	alamda	alalarımda
sənin (“your”)	alanda	alalarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	alasında	alalarında
bizim (“our”)	alamızda	alalarımızda
sizin (“your”)	alanızda	alalarınızda
onların (“their”)	alasında or alalarında	alalarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	alamdan	alalarımdan
sənin (“your”)	alandan	alalarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	alasından	alalarından
bizim (“our”)	alamızdan	alalarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	alanızdan	alalarınızdan
onların (“their”)	alasından or alalarından	alalarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	alamın	alalarımın
sənin (“your”)	alanın	alalarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	alasının	alalarının
bizim (“our”)	alamızın	alalarımızın
sizin (“your”)	alanızın	alalarınızın
onların (“their”)	alasının or alalarının	alalarının

Etymology 2

Likely from ay bala.

Interjection

ala

1. dude

   Ala, nə eləyirsən?! ― Dude, what are you doing?!

See also

• ədə!
• az!

Baoule

Noun

ala

1. iroko (Milicia excelsa, syn. Chlorophora excelsa)

Basque

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Basque *aLa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ala/, [a.la]

Conjunction

ala

1. or (exclusive)

Usage notes

The conjunction ala is an exclusive or, while edo is an inclusive or. For instance, while Sagarrak edo udareak nahi al dituzu? and Sagarrak ala udareak nahi dituzu? are both correct, the former asks in a yes or no question if you want apples, pears, apples and pears, or nothing; while the latter asks which one you want, the apples, or the pears.

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin āla (“wing”).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /ˈa.lə/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.la/

• Audio

  (file)

• Homophone: hala

Noun

ala f (plural ales)

1. wing (appendage that enables flight)

Derived terms

• alat
• aleta
• aletejar

Related terms

• alar

Further reading

• “ala” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “ala”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
• “ala” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “ala” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Chickasaw

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aˈla/

Verb

ala (active, short verb)

1. (intransitive) to arrive, to come (I)
2. (intransitive) to be born (I)

   Synonym: atta

3. (intransitive) to be here, to get here (I)
4. (transitive) to come to, to arrive at (I;3)

Inflection

This entry needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• ahá̱la
• iklo
• imalla
• á̱la

 

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *ala.

Noun

ala (genitive ala, partitive ala)

1. area, territory, region

   Sellelt alalt on leitud palju rauda. ― A lot of iron has been found in this area.

2. (in working life, in sciences) field

   Ainuke ala, mis mind huvitab, on ajalugu. ― The only field which interests me is history.

3. (business) branch

Declension

Declension of ala (ÕS type 17u/sõna, no gradation)

	singular	plural
nominative	ala	alad
accusative	ala	alad
genitive	ala	alade
partitive	ala	alu alasid
illative	alla alasse	aladesse alusse
inessive	alas	alades alus
elative	alast	aladest alust
allative	alale	aladele alule
adessive	alal	aladel alul
ablative	alalt	aladelt alult
translative	alaks	aladeks aluks
terminative	alani	aladeni
essive	alana	aladena
abessive	alata	aladeta
comitative	alaga	aladega

Further reading

• ala in Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik
• ala in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat
• ala in Raadik, M., editor (2018), Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, →ISBN
• ala in Sõnaveeb

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛaːla/
• Rhymes: -ɛaːla
• Homophones: æla, ælað

Verb

ala (third person singular past indicative ól, third person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)

1. (kvæði) to give birth to
2. to foster
3. to nourish
4. to breed

Conjugation

Conjugation of ala (group v-58)
infinitive	ala
supine	alið
participle (a26)1	alandi	alin
	present	past
first singular	ali	ól
second singular	elur	ól(st)
third singular	elur	ól
plural	ala	ólu
	imperative
singular	al!
plural	alið!
1Only the past participle being declined.

Finnish

Etymology 1

See ala-; this stem was repurposed as a noun meaning "underside, lower side", from which the other senses have developed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑlɑ/, [ˈɑ̝lɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
• Syllabification^(key): a‧la

Noun

ala

1. area, field, domain (one's field of expertise or activity)
2. (in working life, in sciences) field, discipline
3. industry, sector, branch (business, studies, etc.)
4. (mathematics) area

   Synonym: pinta-ala

5. (archaic) underside

Declension

Inflection of ala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		ala	alat
genitive		alan	alojen
partitive		alaa	aloja
illative		alaan	aloihin
		singular	plural
nominative		ala	alat
accusative	nom.	ala	alat
	gen.	alan
genitive		alan	alojen alainrare
partitive		alaa	aloja
inessive		alassa	aloissa
elative		alasta	aloista
illative		alaan	aloihin
adessive		alalla	aloilla
ablative		alalta	aloilta
allative		alalle	aloille
essive		alana	aloina
translative		alaksi	aloiksi
instructive		—	aloin
abessive		alatta	aloitta
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of ala (type kala)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative alani alani accusative nom. alani alani gen. alani genitive alani alojeni alainirare partitive alaani alojani inessive alassani aloissani elative alastani aloistani illative alaani aloihini adessive alallani aloillani ablative alaltani aloiltani allative alalleni aloilleni essive alanani aloinani translative alakseni aloikseni instructive — — abessive alattani aloittani comitative — aloineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative alasi alasi accusative nom. alasi alasi gen. alasi genitive alasi alojesi alaisirare partitive alaasi alojasi inessive alassasi aloissasi elative alastasi aloistasi illative alaasi aloihisi adessive alallasi aloillasi ablative alaltasi aloiltasi allative alallesi aloillesi essive alanasi aloinasi translative alaksesi aloiksesi instructive — — abessive alattasi aloittasi comitative — aloinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative alamme alamme accusative nom. alamme alamme gen. alamme genitive alamme alojemme alaimmerare partitive alaamme alojamme inessive alassamme aloissamme elative alastamme aloistamme illative alaamme aloihimme adessive alallamme aloillamme ablative alaltamme aloiltamme allative alallemme aloillemme essive alanamme aloinamme translative alaksemme aloiksemme instructive — — abessive alattamme aloittamme comitative — aloinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative alanne alanne accusative nom. alanne alanne gen. alanne genitive alanne alojenne alainnerare partitive alaanne alojanne inessive alassanne aloissanne elative alastanne aloistanne illative alaanne aloihinne adessive alallanne aloillanne ablative alaltanne aloiltanne allative alallenne aloillenne essive alananne aloinanne translative alaksenne aloiksenne instructive — — abessive alattanne aloittanne comitative — aloinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative alansa alansa accusative nom. alansa alansa gen. alansa genitive alansa alojensa alainsarare partitive alaansa alojaan alojansa inessive alassaan alassansa aloissaan aloissansa elative alastaan alastansa aloistaan aloistansa illative alaansa aloihinsa adessive alallaan alallansa aloillaan aloillansa ablative alaltaan alaltansa aloiltaan aloiltansa allative alalleen alallensa aloilleen aloillensa essive alanaan alanansa aloinaan aloinansa translative alakseen alaksensa aloikseen aloiksensa instructive — — abessive alattaan alattansa aloittaan aloittansa comitative — aloineen aloinensa

Derived terms

• alati
• alue

compounds

• alanvaihto
• alanvalinta
• ammattiala
• ampuma-ala
• elintarvikeala
• erikoisala
• etuala
• hakkuuala
• hallinnonala
• huoneala
• huoneistoala
• ilmanala
• iskuala
• kasvuala
• kerrosala
• koeala
• koulutusala
• kriisiala
• kuljetusala
• kuva-ala
• kylvöala
• käsiala
• käyttöala
• lattia-ala
• lehtiala
• liikeala
• liikkuma-ala
• maa-ala
• maatalousala
• matalapalkka-ala
• matkailuala
• merenkulkuala
• metalliala
• metsäala
• mieliala
• muotiala
• näköala
• oikeudenala
• oikeusala
• opetusala
• opinala
• painoala
• painopisteala
• palveluala
• pankkiala
• peittoala
• peliala
• peltoala
• pienpalkka-ala
• pinta-ala
• pohja-ala
• purjeala
• rakennusala
• ravintola-ala
• ravitsemisala
• sosiaaliala
• sovellusala
• soveltamisala
• sydänala
• sähköala
• sävelala
• taiteenala
• taka-ala
• talousala
• teatteriala
• tekstiiliala
• teollisuudenala
• terveydenhoitoala
• terveydenhuoltoala
• terveysala
• tiedonala
• tieteenala
• toimiala
• tuotannonala
• tuotantoala
• turkisala
• tynnyrinala
• työala
• uudistusala
• vaatetusala
• vakuutusala
• viljelyala
• viljelysala
• ääniala

 

Further reading

• "ala" in Kielitoimiston sanakirja (Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish).

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑlɑˣ/, [ˈɑ̝lɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
• Syllabification^(key): a‧la

Verb

ala

1. inflection of alkaa:
   1. present active indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular present imperative
   3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Galician

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin āla. Compare the inherited á.

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. wing

   Synonym: á

Further reading

• “ala” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Gallurese

Etymology

Inherited from Classical Latin āla, from earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈala/

Noun

ala f (plural ali)

1. wing

Hawaiian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *hala, from Proto-Oceanic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.la/, [ˈɐlə]

Noun

ala

1. way, path, road

Derived terms

• alaloa
• alanui
• alawai

 

References

• Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert (1986), “ala”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press

Hoyahoya

Noun

ala

1. grandfather

References

• Philip Carr, Hoyahoya organised phonology data (2006)

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːla/
• Rhymes: -aːla

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow”).

Verb

ala (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative ól, third-person plural past indicative ólu, supine alið)

1. (with accusative) to bear, give birth to
2. (with accusative) to foster
3. (with accusative) to feed, nourish

Conjugation

ala — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að ala
supine (sagnbót)		alið
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		alandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég el	við ölum	present (nútíð)	ég ali	við ölum
	þú elur	þið alið		þú alir	þið alið
	hann, hún, það elur	þeir, þær, þau ala		hann, hún, það ali	þeir, þær, þau ali
past (þátíð)	ég ól	við ólum	past (þátíð)	ég æli	við ælum
	þú ólst	þið óluð		þú ælir	þið æluð
	hann, hún, það ól	þeir, þær, þau ólu		hann, hún, það æli	þeir, þær, þau ælu
imperative (boðháttur)	al (þú)	alið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	aldu	aliði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

alast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að alast
supine (sagnbót)		alist
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		alandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég elst	við ölumst	present (nútíð)	ég alist	við ölumst
	þú elst	þið alist		þú alist	þið alist
	hann, hún, það elst	þeir, þær, þau alast		hann, hún, það alist	þeir, þær, þau alist
past (þátíð)	ég ólst	við ólumst	past (þátíð)	ég ælist	við ælumst
	þú ólst	þið ólust		þú ælist	þið ælust
	hann, hún, það ólst	þeir, þær, þau ólust		hann, hún, það ælist	þeir, þær, þau ælust
imperative (boðháttur)	alst (þú)	alist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	alstu	alisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

alinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	alinn	alin	alið		aldir	aldar	alin
accusative (þolfall)	alinn	alda	alið		alda	aldar	alin
dative (þágufall)	öldum	alinni	öldu		öldum	öldum	öldum
genitive (eignarfall)	alins	alinnar	alins		alinna	alinna	alinna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	aldi	alda	alda		öldu	öldu	öldu
accusative (þolfall)	alda	öldu	alda		öldu	öldu	öldu
dative (þágufall)	alda	öldu	alda		öldu	öldu	öldu
genitive (eignarfall)	alda	öldu	alda		öldu	öldu	öldu

Derived terms

• ala aldur sinn (“to live one's life”)
• ala á (“to harp on”)
• ala upp
• ala önn fyrir (“to take care of somebody”)
• alast

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ala

1. indefinite genitive plural of alur

Igala

Álá

Etymology

Compare with Ebira àra, probably from Idoma ala, displaced native àgwùtọ̀

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /á.lá/

Noun

álá

1. sheep

   Synonym: (obsolete) àgwùtọ̀

2. (idiomatic, offensive) idiot, stupid person

   Synonyms: àgwùtọ̀, álá onẹ̀

Derived terms

• Ígáláà

Igbo

Alternative forms

• ànị̀ (Onicha)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Igboid *ɛ́-làCḭ. Cognate with Ekpeye ɛ́lɛ̀, Ogbah àlɪ̀, Ezaa àlɪ̀, Izi àlɪ̀, Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni ànɪ̀, Ika àlɪ̀. Compare Proto-Yoruboid *á-lɛ̀, (Yoruba alẹ̀).

Noun

ala

1. earth, land, soil, ground.

Derived terms

• ala eze (“kingdom”)
• ala mmụọ (“spirit world”)
• Ọmenala

Etymology 2

From Proto-Igboid [Term?]. Cognate with Ogbah ɛ́rã́, Ezaa ɛ́rá, Izi ɛ́rá, Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni ɛ́lá, Ika ɛ́rã́. Possibly cognate with Yoruba wàrà.

Noun

ala

1. breast
2. milk

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈala]
• Hyphenation: ala

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition

ala

1. Synonyms: khas, gaya

2. (colloquial) a la, in the style or manner of.

Etymology 2

From Arabic عَلَى‎ (ʕalā).

Preposition

ala

1. on, over.

   Synonyms: atas, pada, kepada, akan

Noun

ala (first-person possessive alaku, second-person possessive alamu, third-person possessive alanya)

1. (law) land with the owner or descendants still have the main rights in that land.

Etymology 3

From Arabic أَعْلَى‎ (ʔaʕlā).

Adjective

ala

1. high.

   Synonym: tinggi

Further reading

• “ala” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Irish

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Irish athlad.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈalˠə/

Noun

ala

1. Only used in phrases; see Derived terms below

Derived terms

• ar ala na huaire (“on the spur of the moment; within a second”)
• gach ala (“every now and then”)

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ala”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.la/
• Rhymes: -ala
• Hyphenation: à‧la

Etymology 1

From Latin āla.

Noun

ala f (plural ali or (archaic or poetic) ale)

1. wing

   Synonym: alia (archaic, slang)

Related terms

• ala a delta
• alare
• alato
• aleggiare
• aletta
• ali-
• aliforme
• aligero
• alipede

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ala

1. inflection of alare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Jarai

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaR, from Proto-Austronesian *SulaR.

Noun

ala (classifier drơi)

1. snake

Javanese

Etymology

From Old Javanese hala.

Adjective

ala

1. bad
2. ugly

Kapampangan

Alternative forms

• la (text messaging)

Etymology

From Proto-Central Philippine *wadaq, from Proto-Philippine *wada (“to be, exist”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wada.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧la
• IPA^(key): /əˈlaʔ/, [əˈläʔ]

Pronoun

alâ

1. nothing; no one; none; nonexistent

Adjective

alâ

1. missing; absent; gone; lost

   Synonyms: liban, bating, lili

2. (euphemistic) dead

   Synonym: mete

Ladin

Etymology

From a +‎ la.

Contraction

ala

1. at or to the (+ feminine singular noun)

Latin

Etymology

For earlier *axla, from axis, from Proto-Italic *aksis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs- (“axis”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.la/, [ˈäːɫ̪ä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.la/, [ˈäːlä]

Noun

āla f (genitive ālae); first declension

1. A wing.
2. (anatomy) The upper and under part of the arm, where it unites with the shoulder; the armpit.
3. (zoology) The hollow where the foreleg is joined to the shoulder; the shoulder blade.
4. (botany) The hollow where a limb joins the trunk of a tree.
5. (architecture) The wings off the main room, the side apartments on the right and left of the court, the side halls or porches, waiting areas, the collonades.
6. (military) The wing of an army, cavalry force (usually deployed on an army's flank).

Inflection

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	āla	ālae
Genitive	ālae	ālārum
Dative	ālae	ālīs
Accusative	ālam	ālās
Ablative	ālā	ālīs
Vocative	āla	ālae

Derived terms

• ascella
• axilla
• ālar
• āles
• āliger
• ālipilus
• ālipēs
• ālārius
• ālāte
• ālātus

 

Descendants

Descendants of ala in other languages

• Asturian: ala
• Catalan: ala
• Dalmatian: jal
• → English: ala, ali-
• → Esperanto: alo
• Friulian: ale
• → Galician: ala
• Gallurese: ala
• Italian: ala
• Ligurian: âa
• Occitan: ala
• Old French: aile
  • Middle French: aisle
    • → English: aisle
    • French: aile
• Old Galician-Portuguese: aa
  • Galician: á
  • Portuguese: á
• → Portuguese: ala
• Romansch: ala, ela
• Sardinian: aba, ala, àua
• Sassarese: ara
• Sicilian: ala
• Spanish: ala
• Venetian: ała

References

• ala in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ala in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ala in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• ala in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ala in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Latvian

Ala (1)

Trušu ala (2)

Etymology

The usual theory considers ala to be borrowed from Middle Low German hol (“depth, hole, cave”), from Old Saxon hol, or maybe from the same form in Middle Dutch or German Low German (East Frisian); cf. German Höhle (“cave”), all from Proto-West Germanic *hol.

A different view suggests that ala could also be a reflex of an old Proto-Indo-European stem *h₁el-, *ol-, *al- (“to flow, to drain”) with various Baltic reflexes: dialectal alots, alogs, standard avots (“(water) source”), alksna, aluksna (“miry, swampy place”) (cf. place names like Alūksne, Alūkstes), Lithuanian alė́ti (“to flow, to drip”). The original meaning of ala would thus have been “(water) source”, from which “place (e.g., cave, rift, pit) from which water springs,” and finally simply “cave,” possibly under the influence of the aforementioned Germanic words.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ala]

(file)

Noun

ala f (4th declension)

1. cave (space or cavity formed underground, especially between rocks, or in the face of a cliff or hillside)

   klinšu alas ― rock caves

   pazemes ala ― subterranean cave

   alu labirinti ― cave labyrinths

   alu cilvēks ― caveman

   alu zīmējumi ― cave drawings, paintings

   Abhāzijā atrodas ala, kuras labirinti ir vairāk nekā trīs kilometrus gari ― in Abkhazia there is a cave with labyrinths longer than three kilometers

2. burrow, hole, lair, den (the dwelling of some animals, in the form of a cavity with one or many exits)

   peles, lapsas alas ― mice, fox holes

   āpšu, trušu alas ― badger, rabbit holes, burrows

   rakt alu ― to dig a hole, burrow

   nekā sevišķa tur neredzēja, izņemot nelielu caurumu zemē... likās tā kā kurmja ala ― there was nothing special to see there, except a small whole on the ground... it seemed to be a molehill (lit. hole)

Declension

Declension of ala (4th declension)

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	ala	alas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	alu	alas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	alas	alu
dative (datīvs)	alai	alām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	alu	alām
locative (lokatīvs)	alā	alās
vocative (vokatīvs)	ala	alas

Derived terms

• alu cilvēks

See also

• speleoloģija

Laz

Conjunction

ala

1. Latin spelling of ალა (ala)

Malagasy

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.la/, [ˈa.lə̥]

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *halas, from Proto-Austronesian *Salas. Cognate with Balinese ᬳᬮᬲ᭄ (alas), Javanese ꦲꦭꦱ꧀ (alas).

Noun

ala

1. forest

Etymology 2

From Proto-Austronesian *alaq (“fetch; get; take”).

Adverb

ala

1. without; freed from; removed from

Malay

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ə

Preposition

ala (Jawi spelling الا‎ or على‎)

1. like
2. according to
3. on

References

• "ala" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
• “ala” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Mirandese

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. wing
2. (nautical) sail

North Wahgi

Noun

ala

1. mistake

References

• Heather and Don Mc Lean, North Wahgi (Yu We) Organised Phonology Data (2005), p. 2

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːˈlɑː/

Noun

ala m (Arabic spelling ئالا‎)

1. Alternative form of al (“flag, banner”)

Declension

Declension of ala

Definite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ala	ala
Construct	alayê	alayên
Oblique	alayî	alayan
Demonstrative oblique	wî alayî	wan alayan
Vocative	alayo	alayino
Indefinite masculine gender
Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	alayek	alayin
Construct	alayekî	alayine
Oblique	alayekî	alayinan

References

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ala”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 5

Northern Ndebele

Verb

-ála

1. to refuse

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Northern Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *ëlëk.

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈala/

Adverb

ala

1. over
2. on, on top

Derived terms

• alcces-, alcce-, allas- (locative stems of ieš (“self”))

Postposition

ala

1. over
2. on, onto, on top of

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[9], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ala, from Proto-Germanic *alaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi.

Alternative forms

• ale (e infinitive)
• ålå (dialectal)

Verb

ala (present tense aler or el, past tense alte or ol, past participle alt or ale, present participle alande, imperative al)

1. to foster

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ala

1. definite plural of al

References

• “ala” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Etymology

From Latin āla.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [alo̞]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. wing

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ālu. Cognates include Old English æl and Old Norse alr.

Noun

āla f

1. awl

Descendants

• German: Ahle

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂életi, from *h₂el- (“to raise, feed, nourish”). Cognate with Old English alan and Latin alō.

Verb

ala (singular present indicative elr, singular past indicative ól, plural past indicative ólu, past participle alinn)

1. to produce
2. to testify
3. to breed
4. to nourish

Conjugation

Conjugation of ala — active (strong class 6)

infinitive	ala
present participle	alandi
past participle	alinn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	el	ól
2nd-person singular	elr	ólt
3rd-person singular	elr	ól
1st-person plural	ǫlum	ólum
2nd-person plural	alið	óluð
3rd-person plural	ala	ólu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	ala	ǿla
2nd-person singular	alir	ǿlir
3rd-person singular	ali	ǿli
1st-person plural	alim	ǿlim
2nd-person plural	alið	ǿlið
3rd-person plural	ali	ǿli
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	al
1st-person plural	ǫlum
2nd-person plural	alið

Conjugation of ala — mediopassive (strong class 6)

infinitive	alask
present participle	alandisk
past participle	alizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	ǫlumk	ólumk
2nd-person singular	elsk	ólzk
3rd-person singular	elsk	ólsk
1st-person plural	ǫlumsk	ólumsk
2nd-person plural	alizk	óluzk
3rd-person plural	alask	ólusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	ǫlumk	ǿlumk
2nd-person singular	alisk	ǿlisk
3rd-person singular	alisk	ǿlisk
1st-person plural	alimsk	ǿlimsk
2nd-person plural	alizk	ǿlizk
3rd-person plural	alisk	ǿlisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	alsk
1st-person plural	ǫlumsk
2nd-person plural	alizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: ala
• Faroese: ala
• Norwegian Nynorsk: ala
• Norwegian Bokmål: ale
• Old Swedish: ala
  • Swedish: uppala
• Old Danish: alæ
• Old Gutnish: ala

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

ala

1. indefinite genitive plural of alr

References

• ala in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈala/

Etymology 1

From Latin āla.

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. wing (limb)
   • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 67v. a.

     la ṕmera ſemeiaua leon e auie alas de aguila ueye q́ meſauan ſus alas e cayen atierra e ſobre ſos piedes como oḿe se leuátaua

     The first was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I saw its wings torn off and fall to the ground so that it stood on its feet like a man.

Descendants

• Ladino: ala (Latin spelling)
• Spanish: ala

Etymology 2

A contraction of a (“to, toward, in, at”) + la (“the”); the feminine singular definite article.

Contraction

ala (plural alas)

1. (followed by a singular feminine noun) to the, toward the
   • c1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. b.

     Loth ouo miedo de ſeer en segor esubio alas mótánas có sus. ij. fijas. estido é una cueua có sus. ij. fijas. edixo la maior ala menor. nŕo padre es uyeio eno nos podremos caſar. com es derecho.

     Loth was afriad to stay in Zoar, so he moved to the mountains with his two daughters. There he lived in a cave with his two daughters; then older [daughter] said to the younger: "Our father is old, and [here] we cannot marry as is the custom."

2. (followed by a singular feminine noun) in the, at the
   • c1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 2v. a.

     eſtos angeles có q́ fablo abraã. vinieron a ſodoma e loth ſedia ala puerta de la cibdat. e violos & leuátos cótra ellõ.

     These angels to whom Abraham spoke came to Sodom, and Lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. And he saw them and got up to meet them.

Related terms

• al

Papiamentu

Alternative forms

• hala (alternative spelling)

Etymology

From Portuguese ala and Spanish ala.

Noun

ala

1. wing

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin āla.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.la/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ala
• Syllabification: a‧la
• Homophone: Ala

Noun

ala f

1. (historical, Ancient Rome) ala (Roman allied military unit)

Declension

Declension of ala

	singular	plural
nominative	ala	ale
genitive	ali	al
dative	ali	alom
accusative	alę	ale
instrumental	alą	alami
locative	ali	alach
vocative	alo	ale

Further reading

• ala in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ala in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.lɐ/

• Rhymes: -alɐ
• Hyphenation: a‧la

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Latin āla. Compare the inherited doublet á.

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. a flank
   1. (military) a flank unit
   2. (sports) wing (position on either side of the field)
2. (chiefly politics) faction (ideologically distinct group within an organisation)
3. a row among a larger group of people or things
   1. (military) a rank or file of soldiers
   2. (Brazil) a subdivision of a carnival block consisting of similarly themed participants
4. (architecture) wing (part of a building that extends from the main structure)
5. (chess) each player’s half of the chessboard
6. (dated) wing (part of an animal)

Noun

ala m or f by sense (plural alas)

1. (sports) wing; winger (player in a wing position)
2. (aviation) wingman (support pilot in a squadron)

Related terms

• alado
• alar

Interjection

ala!

1. out! (demanding that someone leave)

   Synonym: fora

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ala

1. inflection of alar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Pukapukan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *hala, from Proto-Oceanic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

Noun

ala

1. path, way, lane, track

Derived terms

• alāmata
• alāmatangi
• alāvai
• ngutuala

 

Further reading

• Te Pukamuna | Pukapuka Dictionary

Rade

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *ʔular, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hulaʀ, from Proto-Austronesian *Sulaʀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /alaa/, [ʔəlaa]

Noun

ala

1. snake

Romansch

Alternative forms

• ela (Puter)

Etymology

From Latin āla.

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) wing
2. mouldboard

Sassarese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈala/

Noun

ala f (plural ali)

1. (dialectal) Alternative form of ara (“wing”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǎla/

Adverb

àla (Cyrillic spelling а̀ла)

1. (used for emphasis, or as an intensifier) expression of awe, surprise, dismay, etc.

   Ala je bilo lijepo! ― It sure was nice!

   Ala lažeš! ― Oh, you're lying!

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آلا‎ (ala, “spotted, variegated”).

Alternative forms

• hala

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǎːla/

Adjective

ála or àla or ȁla (Cyrillic spelling а́ла or а̀ла or а̏ла) (indeclinable)

1. piebald, spotted

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xala, unless borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آلا‎ (ala, “spotted, variegated”), euphemistic for a snake.

Alternative forms

• hala

Noun

ála or àla or ȁla f (Cyrillic spelling а́ла or а̀ла or а̏ла)

1. dragon, type of mythical creature similar to dragon

See also

• aždaha
• zmaj

 

References

• Knüppel, Michael (2009), “Zu serbo-kroatisch hȁla ∼ ȁla ‘Drache’”, in Wiener Slavistisches Jahrbuch‎^[10] (in German), volume 55, pages 179–183

Sicilian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin āla.

Noun

ala f (plural ali)

1. wing

References

• Traina, Antonino (1868), “ala”, in Nuovo vocabolario Siciliano-Italiano [New Sicilian-Italian vocabulary] (in Italian), Liber Liber, published 2020, page 179

Southern Ndebele

Verb

-ála

1. to refuse

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈala/ [ˈa.la]
• Rhymes: -ala
• Syllabification: a‧la
• Homophone: hala

Etymology 1

From Old Spanish ala (compare Ladino ala), from Latin āla.

Noun

ala f (plural alas)

1. wing (of bird)
2. wing (of aircraft)
3. brim (of hat)
4. (military) flank (of a formation)
5. (sports) wing (part of the field)
6. (in the plural) flip, wings (hairstyle)

Noun

ala m or f by sense (plural alas)

1. (sports) winger

Usage notes

• Feminine nouns beginning with stressed /ˈa/ like this one regularly take the singular articles el and un, usually reserved for masculine nouns.

  el ala, un ala

• They maintain the usual feminine singular articles la and una if an adjective intervenes between the article and the noun.

Derived terms

• ahuecar el ala
• ala del corazón
• ala del trinquete
• ala delta
• ala pívot
• alar
• alero
• aliblanco
• alicaído
• alicorto
• alirrojo
• alita
• bajo el ala de
• dar alas
• del ala
• las alas de la fantasía
• tener alas en los pies
• tomar alas

 

Related terms

• alado
• alear
• aleta

 

Etymology 2

Interjection

ala

1. Alternative spelling of hala

Further reading

• “ala”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Sranan Tongo

Pronoun

ala

1. everything

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic آلَة‎ (ʔāla).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Noun

ala (n class, plural ala)

1. tool, instrument

   Synonym: kifaa

2. sheath, scabbard

References

• Baldi, Sergio (2020-11-30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 20 No. 133

Swazi

Verb

-ála

1. to refuse

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧la
• IPA^(key): /ʔaˈla/, [ʔɐˈla]

Interjection

alá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)

1. (dialectal) expressing negation or disapproval, or sometimes agreement, depending on the tenor of expression

Derived terms

• ala ahoy
• ala e
• ala naman

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish ala.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧la
• IPA^(key): /ˈʔala/, [ˈʔa.lɐ]

Noun

ala (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)

1. (uncommon) wing

   Synonyms: pakpak, bagwis

2. (architecture) extension of building sideways

See also

• sibi

Etymology 3

Apheresis of wala.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧la
• IPA^(key): /ʔaˈlaʔ/, [ʔɐˈlaʔ]

Pronoun

alâ (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)

1. Alternative form of wala

Adjective

alâ (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)

1. Alternative form of wala

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Spanish a la.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔaˈla/, [ʔɐˈla]
• Hyphenation: a‧la
• Rhymes: -a

Adverb

alá (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜎ)

1. o'clock (only for one o' clock)

   Synonym: (besides one o' clock) alas

Derived terms

• ala-una

 

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈa.la/
• Hyphenation: a‧la

Etymology 1

Te ala (1.1).

From Proto-Polynesian *hala. Cognates include Hawaiian ala and Samoan ala.

Noun

ala

1. path, road
2. reason, cause
3. method, way
4. transport
5. working section of a mat
6. (euphemistic) rectum

Verb

ala

1. (transitive) to result from

Derived terms

• alalaupapa

 

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *qara. Cognates include Hawaiian ala and Samoan ala.

Verb

ala (plural feala)

1. (stative) to be awake
2. (stative) to be accurate
3. (stative) to be sharp
4. (stative, of watercraft) to be close to the wind

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986) Tokelau Dictionary‎^[11], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 11

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish آلا‎ (ala), from Proto-Turkic *āla (“variegated”). Doublet of ela.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑˈɫɑ/
• Hyphenation: a‧la

Adjective

ala

1. multicolored, pied, variegated
2. Clipping of alabalık (“trout”).

Derived terms

• alabalık (“trout”)
• alaca (“pied”)
• alaca karanlık (“dusk, twilight”)

See also

• âlâ

References

• Redhouse, James W. (1890), “آلا”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 179

Uneapa

Etymology

From earlier *lala via dissimilation (compare Muduapa lala), from Proto-Oceanic *kilala via truncation, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kilala, from Proto-Austronesian *kilala.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ala/

Verb

ala

1. to know

Further reading

• Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366

Veps

Etymology

Related to Finnish älä.

Verb

ala

1. second-person singular imperative of ei
2. do not

Xhosa

Verb

-âla

1. to refuse

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Yámana

Verb

ala

1. drink

Yoruba

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.là/

Noun

àlà

1. purity, white cloth, a symbol of the god Ọbàtálá

   Synonym: ẹfun

Etymology 2

From à- (“nominalizing prefix”) +‎ lá (“to dream”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /à.lá/

Noun

àlá

1. dream, vision

Derived terms

• lá àlá (“to dream”)

 

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-âla

1. to deny, refuse, decline
2. to forbid
3. to reject
4. to refuse give [+ na- (object)]
5. to hate, detest

Inflection

Tone HH
Infinitive	ukwala
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukwala	ukungali
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	yala	-ale
Plural	yalani	-aleni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyala, ngala	engalayo, engala	ngala	angali	engingali	ngingali
2nd singular	uyala, wala	owalayo, owala	wala	awali	ongali	ungali
1st plural	siyala, sala	esalayo, esala	sala	asali	esingali	singali
2nd plural	niyala, nala	enalayo, enala	nala	anali	eningali	ningali
Class 1	uyala, wala	owalayo, owala	ala	akali	ongali	engali
Class 2	bayala, bala	abalayo, abala	bala	abali	abangali	bengali
Class 3	uyala, wala	owalayo, owala	wala	awali	ongali	ungali
Class 4	iyala, yala	eyalayo, eyala	yala	ayali	engali	ingali
Class 5	liyala, lala	elalayo, elala	lala	alali	elingali	lingali
Class 6	ayala, ala	alayo, ala	ala	awali	angali	engali
Class 7	siyala, sala	esalayo, esala	sala	asali	esingali	singali
Class 8	ziyala, zala	ezalayo, ezala	zala	azali	ezingali	zingali
Class 9	iyala, yala	eyalayo, eyala	yala	ayali	engali	ingali
Class 10	ziyala, zala	ezalayo, ezala	zala	azali	ezingali	zingali
Class 11	luyala, lwala	olwalayo, olwala	lwala	alwali	olungali	lungali
Class 14	buyala, bala	obalayo, obala	bala	abali	obungali	bungali
Class 15	kuyala, kwala	okwalayo, okwala	kwala	akwali	okungali	kungali
Class 17	kuyala, kwala	okwalayo, okwala	kwala	akwali	okungali	kungali
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngalile, ngalē	engalile, engalē	ngalile, ngalē	angalanga	engingalanga	ngingalanga
2nd singular	walile, walē	owalile, owalē	walile, walē	awalanga	ongalanga	ungalanga
1st plural	salile, salē	esalile, esalē	salile, salē	asalanga	esingalanga	singalanga
2nd plural	nalile, nalē	enalile, enalē	nalile, nalē	analanga	eningalanga	ningalanga
Class 1	walile, walē	owalile, owalē	alile, alē	akalanga	ongalanga	engalanga
Class 2	balile, balē	abalile, abalē	balile, balē	abalanga	abangalanga	bengalanga
Class 3	walile, walē	owalile, owalē	walile, walē	awalanga	ongalanga	ungalanga
Class 4	yalile, yalē	eyalile, eyalē	yalile, yalē	ayalanga	engalanga	ingalanga
Class 5	lalile, lalē	elalile, elalē	lalile, lalē	alalanga	elingalanga	lingalanga
Class 6	alile, alē	alile, alē	alile, alē	awalanga	angalanga	engalanga
Class 7	salile, salē	esalile, esalē	salile, salē	asalanga	esingalanga	singalanga
Class 8	zalile, zalē	ezalile, ezalē	zalile, zalē	azalanga	ezingalanga	zingalanga
Class 9	yalile, yalē	eyalile, eyalē	yalile, yalē	ayalanga	engalanga	ingalanga
Class 10	zalile, zalē	ezalile, ezalē	zalile, zalē	azalanga	ezingalanga	zingalanga
Class 11	lwalile, lwalē	olwalile, olwalē	lwalile, lwalē	alwalanga	olungalanga	lungalanga
Class 14	balile, balē	obalile, obalē	balile, balē	abalanga	obungalanga	bungalanga
Class 15	kwalile, kwalē	okwalile, okwalē	kwalile, kwalē	akwalanga	okungalanga	kungalanga
Class 17	kwalile, kwalē	okwalile, okwalē	kwalile, kwalē	akwalanga	okungalanga	kungalanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāla	engāla	ngāla	angalanga	engingalanga	ngingalanga
2nd singular	wāla	owāla	wāla	awalanga	ongalanga	ungalanga
1st plural	sāla	esāla	sāla	asalanga	esingalanga	singalanga
2nd plural	nāla	enāla	nāla	analanga	eningalanga	ningalanga
Class 1	wāla	owāla	āla	akalanga	ongalanga	engalanga
Class 2	bāla	abāla	bāla	abalanga	abangalanga	bengalanga
Class 3	wāla	owāla	wāla	awalanga	ongalanga	ungalanga
Class 4	yāla	eyāla	yāla	ayalanga	engalanga	ingalanga
Class 5	lāla	elāla	lāla	alalanga	elingalanga	lingalanga
Class 6	āla	āla	āla	awalanga	angalanga	engalanga
Class 7	sāla	esāla	sāla	asalanga	esingalanga	singalanga
Class 8	zāla	ezāla	zāla	azalanga	ezingalanga	zingalanga
Class 9	yāla	eyāla	yāla	ayalanga	engalanga	ingalanga
Class 10	zāla	ezāla	zāla	azalanga	ezingalanga	zingalanga
Class 11	lwāla	olwāla	lwāla	alwalanga	olungalanga	lungalanga
Class 14	bāla	obāla	bāla	abalanga	obungalanga	bungalanga
Class 15	kwāla	okwāla	kwāla	akwalanga	okungalanga	kungalanga
Class 17	kwāla	okwāla	kwāla	akwalanga	okungalanga	kungalanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingala	—	ngingala	ngingale	—	ngingale
2nd singular	ungala	—	ungala	ungale	—	ungale
1st plural	singala	—	singala	singale	—	singale
2nd plural	ningala	—	ningala	ningale	—	ningale
Class 1	angala	—	engala	angale	—	engale
Class 2	bangala	—	bengala	bangale	—	bengale
Class 3	ungala	—	ungala	ungale	—	ungale
Class 4	ingala	—	ingala	ingale	—	ingale
Class 5	lingala	—	lingala	lingale	—	lingale
Class 6	angala	—	engala	angale	—	engale
Class 7	singala	—	singala	singale	—	singale
Class 8	zingala	—	zingala	zingale	—	zingale
Class 9	ingala	—	ingala	ingale	—	ingale
Class 10	zingala	—	zingala	zingale	—	zingale
Class 11	lungala	—	lungala	lungale	—	lungale
Class 14	bungala	—	bungala	bungale	—	bungale
Class 15	kungala	—	kungala	kungale	—	kungale
Class 17	kungala	—	kungala	kungale	—	kungale
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokwala	engizokwala	ngizokwala	angizukwala	engingezukwala	ngingezukwala
2nd singular	uzokwala	ozokwala	uzokwala	awuzukwala	ongezukwala	ungezukwala
1st plural	sizokwala	esizokwala	sizokwala	asizukwala	esingezukwala	singezukwala
2nd plural	nizokwala	enizokwala	nizokwala	anizukwala	eningezukwala	ningezukwala
Class 1	uzokwala	ozokwala	ezokwala	akazukwala	ongezukwala	engezukwala
Class 2	bazokwala	abazokwala	bezokwala	abazukwala	abangezukwala	bengezukwala
Class 3	uzokwala	ozokwala	uzokwala	awuzukwala	ongezukwala	ungezukwala
Class 4	izokwala	ezokwala	izokwala	ayizukwala	engezukwala	ingezukwala
Class 5	lizokwala	elizokwala	lizokwala	alizukwala	elingezukwala	lingezukwala
Class 6	azokwala	azokwala	ezokwala	awazukwala	angezukwala	engezukwala
Class 7	sizokwala	esizokwala	sizokwala	asizukwala	esingezukwala	singezukwala
Class 8	zizokwala	ezizokwala	zizokwala	azizukwala	ezingezukwala	zingezukwala
Class 9	izokwala	ezokwala	izokwala	ayizukwala	engezukwala	ingezukwala
Class 10	zizokwala	ezizokwala	zizokwala	azizukwala	ezingezukwala	zingezukwala
Class 11	luzokwala	oluzokwala	luzokwala	aluzukwala	olungezukwala	lungezukwala
Class 14	buzokwala	obuzokwala	buzokwala	abuzukwala	obungezukwala	bungezukwala
Class 15	kuzokwala	okuzokwala	kuzokwala	akuzukwala	okungezukwala	kungezukwala
Class 17	kuzokwala	okuzokwala	kuzokwala	akuzukwala	okungezukwala	kungezukwala
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokwala	engiyokwala	ngiyokwala	angiyukwala	engingeyukwala	ngingeyukwala
2nd singular	uyokwala	oyokwala	uyokwala	awuyukwala	ongeyukwala	ungeyukwala
1st plural	siyokwala	esiyokwala	siyokwala	asiyukwala	esingeyukwala	singeyukwala
2nd plural	niyokwala	eniyokwala	niyokwala	aniyukwala	eningeyukwala	ningeyukwala
Class 1	uyokwala	oyokwala	eyokwala	akayukwala	ongeyukwala	engeyukwala
Class 2	bayokwala	abayokwala	beyokwala	abayukwala	abangeyukwala	bengeyukwala
Class 3	uyokwala	oyokwala	uyokwala	awuyukwala	ongeyukwala	ungeyukwala
Class 4	iyokwala	eyokwala	iyokwala	ayiyukwala	engeyukwala	ingeyukwala
Class 5	liyokwala	eliyokwala	liyokwala	aliyukwala	elingeyukwala	lingeyukwala
Class 6	ayokwala	ayokwala	eyokwala	awayukwala	angeyukwala	engeyukwala
Class 7	siyokwala	esiyokwala	siyokwala	asiyukwala	esingeyukwala	singeyukwala
Class 8	ziyokwala	eziyokwala	ziyokwala	aziyukwala	ezingeyukwala	zingeyukwala
Class 9	iyokwala	eyokwala	iyokwala	ayiyukwala	engeyukwala	ingeyukwala
Class 10	ziyokwala	eziyokwala	ziyokwala	aziyukwala	ezingeyukwala	zingeyukwala
Class 11	luyokwala	oluyokwala	luyokwala	aluyukwala	olungeyukwala	lungeyukwala
Class 14	buyokwala	obuyokwala	buyokwala	abuyukwala	obungeyukwala	bungeyukwala
Class 15	kuyokwala	okuyokwala	kuyokwala	akuyukwala	okungeyukwala	kungeyukwala
Class 17	kuyokwala	okuyokwala	kuyokwala	akuyukwala	okungeyukwala	kungeyukwala
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngale	ngingali
2nd singular	wale	ungali
1st plural	sale	singali
2nd plural	nale	ningali
Class 1	ale	angali
Class 2	bale	bangali
Class 3	wale	ungali
Class 4	yale	ingali
Class 5	lale	lingali
Class 6	ale	angali
Class 7	sale	singali
Class 8	zale	zingali
Class 9	yale	ingali
Class 10	zale	zingali
Class 11	lwale	lungali
Class 14	bale	bungali
Class 15	kwale	kungali
Class 17	kwale	kungali
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngala	ngangala, angala, angangala
2nd singular	wala	wangala, awala, awangala
1st plural	sala	sangala, asala, asangala
2nd plural	nala	nangala, anala, anangala
Class 1	wala	wangala, akala, akangala
Class 2	bala	bangala, abala, abangala
Class 3	wala	wangala, awala, awangala
Class 4	yala	yangala, ayala, ayangala
Class 5	lala	langala, alala, alangala
Class 6	ala	angala, awala, awangala
Class 7	sala	sangala, asala, asangala
Class 8	zala	zangala, azala, azangala
Class 9	yala	yangala, ayala, ayangala
Class 10	zala	zangala, azala, azangala
Class 11	lwala	lwangala, alwala, alwangala
Class 14	bala	bangala, abala, abangala
Class 15	kwala	kwangala, akwala, akwangala
Class 17	kwala	kwangala, akwala, akwangala

Derived terms

• -alela (applicative)
• -alisa (causative)
• -alayala (diminutive)
• -alisisa (intensive)
• -aleka (neuter-passive)
• -aliwa (passive)
• -alana (reciprocal)

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “ala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ala”