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ala-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ala"

Crow

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Etymology

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From Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *ara (instrumental prefix), from Proto-Siouan *rą·- (“foot”), from Proto-Siouan-Catawban *ra·- (“foot”).

Prefix

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ala-

  1. Derives nouns from verbs, meaning where or when the action takes place.

Derived terms

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References

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  • Graczyk, Randolph (2007), A Grammar of Crow, Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 47
  • Reed, Jr., George (September 1974), Dictionary of the Crow Language‎[2], Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pages 26–27

Estonian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *ala, from Proto-Uralic *ëla. Cognate with Finnish ala- and Hungarian alatt.

Prefix

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ala-

  1. under-, lower, nether, sub-, inferior

Derived terms

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Estonian terms prefixed with ala-
alaealine
alus

Further reading

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  • ala- in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
  • “ala-”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *ala (compare Estonian ala-), from Proto-Uralic *ëla[1] (compare Northern Sami vuolli, Erzya ало (alo), Eastern Mari ӱлан (ülan), Udmurt ул (ul), Eastern Khanty ыл (yl), Hungarian al-, Tundra Nenets ӈылʼ (ŋil)).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɑlɑ-/, [ˈɑ̝lɑ̝-]

Adjective

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ala- (comparative alempi, superlative alin) (as a modifier in compounds)

  1. under-, sub-, lower, nether; inferior
    Antonym: ylä-

Usage notes

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  • ala- is mostly used for nominals, whereas ali- is mostly used for verbs:
    Aliarvioiko yläluokka alaluokkaa?
    Is the lower class being underestimated by the upper class?

Inflection

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Declension of ala-
noun case singular pluraladverbial form singular plural
nominative ala- –superessive alhaalla –
genitive – –delative alhaalta –
partitive – –sublative alhaalle –
accusative – –lative alas –
inessive – –temporal – –
elative – –causative – –
illative – –multiplicative – –
adessive alla –distributive – –
ablative alta –temp. dist. – –
allative alle –prolative ali
alitse		 –
essive – –situative allekkain
(alakkain)		 –
translative – –oppositive alatusten –
abessive – –
instructive – –
comitative – –

The cases of ala- serve in Finnish only as adverbs.

Derived terms

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compounds
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References

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  1. ^ Santeri Junttila, Petri Kallio, Sampsa Holopainen, Juha Kuokkala, Juho Pystynen, editors (2020–), “ala”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 1 January 2024

Further reading

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *ala, from Proto-Uralic *ëla. Akin to Finnish ala- and Estonian ala-.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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ala-

  1. under-, sub-

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Ingrian terms prefixed with ala-
alakuloin
alahuuli
alakeeli
Ala-Laukaa
alameri
alaosa
alapooli
alaselys
alasokka
alatasanko
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References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 10
  • Arvo Laanest (1997), Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 18

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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From al.

Prefix

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ala-

  1. very, all
    alahwīt ― very white
    alajung ― very young
    alaefni ― all plain
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Veps

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *ala.

Prefix

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ala-

  1. under-, lower, nether, sub-, inferior
    Antonym: ülä-

Derived terms

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Veps terms prefixed with ala-
Alamad
alang
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