alus
English
[edit]Noun
[edit]alus
Anagrams
[edit]Balinese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]alus
- Romanization of ᬳᬮᬸᬲ᭄
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]alus (genitive aluse, partitive alust)
- base, bottom (something on which an object stands or is attached to)
- Samba alus on graniidist. ― The base of the statue is made of granite.
- foundation, base, fundamental (in an abstract sense)
- Programmeerimise alused. ― Fundamentals of programming.
- watercraft, vessel
- (grammar) subject
- (chemistry) base
- Tugevaid aluseid nimetatakse leelisteks. ― Strong bases are called alkali.
Declension
[edit]Declension of alus (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | alus | alused | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | aluse | ||
genitive | aluste | ||
partitive | alust | aluseid | |
illative | alusesse | alustesse aluseisse | |
inessive | aluses | alustes aluseis | |
elative | alusest | alustest aluseist | |
allative | alusele | alustele aluseile | |
adessive | alusel | alustel aluseil | |
ablative | aluselt | alustelt aluseilt | |
translative | aluseks | alusteks aluseiks | |
terminative | aluseni | alusteni | |
essive | alusena | alustena | |
abessive | aluseta | alusteta | |
comitative | alusega | alustega |
Derived terms
[edit]Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *alus. Equivalent to ala- (“under”) + -us.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]alus
- (in compounds) underlay, base, under- (anything underlaid)
- Synonyms: alunen, alusta, (dialectal) alu-
- Antonyms: päällys, (dialectal) pääly-
- aluskerros ― underlayer
- alushousut ― underpants
- aluspatja ― bed base (literally, “undermattress”)
- the space under(neath) something
- vessel, craft, ship (vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space)
- Synonym: laiva (“ship”)
- the time before a holiday, the period leading up to a holiday, etc.
- (grammar, dated) subject
Declension
[edit]Inflection of alus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | alus | alukset | |
genitive | aluksen | alusten aluksien | |
partitive | alusta | aluksia | |
illative | alukseen | aluksiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | alus | alukset | |
accusative | nom. | alus | alukset |
gen. | aluksen | ||
genitive | aluksen | alusten aluksien | |
partitive | alusta | aluksia | |
inessive | aluksessa | aluksissa | |
elative | aluksesta | aluksista | |
illative | alukseen | aluksiin | |
adessive | aluksella | aluksilla | |
ablative | alukselta | aluksilta | |
allative | alukselle | aluksille | |
essive | aluksena | aluksina | |
translative | alukseksi | aluksiksi | |
abessive | aluksetta | aluksitta | |
instructive | — | aluksin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
[edit]- alusastia
- alusasu
- alushame
- alushousut
- alusjätelaki
- aluskarva
- aluskasvi
- aluskasvillisuus
- aluskate
- aluskehys
- aluskimono
- aluskuori
- aluslaatta
- aluslakana
- aluslakka
- aluslanka
- aluslattia
- aluslaudoitus
- aluslautanen
- aluslehti
- aluslevy
- alusliikenne
- alusloimi
- alusmaa
- aluspahvi
- aluspaita
- aluspiimä
- aluspuku
- alusrakenne
- alusrimoitus
- alustyyppi
- alustäyttö
- alusvaate
- alusvaatekerta
- alusvesi
- alusviikko
- alusvoide
- alusväri
- asuntoalus
- avaruusalus
- emoalus
- emäalus
- evakuointialus
- hakurahtialus
- huoltoalus
- huvialus
- hävittäjäalus
- höyryalus
- ilma-alus
- ilmatyynyalus
- irtolastialus
- jokialus
- joukkojenkuljetusalus
- joulunalus
- joulunaluspäivä
- joulunalusviikko
- kaapelialus
- kalastusalus
- kantosiipialus
- kantotasoalus
- kappaletavara-alus
- kauppa-alus
- kelirikkoalus
- komentoalus
- konealus
- konttialus
- koulualus
- kuivalastialus
- kuljetusalus
- kuualus
- kynnenalus
- lastialus
- lattianalus
- lavanaluslihas
- leuanalus
- luotsialus
- maavaikutusalus
- mahanalus
- maihinnousualus
- maihinnousutukialus
- majakka-alus
- matkustaja-alus
- merenmittausalus
- merentutkimusalus
- merialus
- meripelastusalus
- merivartioalus
- miehistönkuljetusalus
- moottorialus
- nosturialus
- pannunalus
- pelastusalus
- peräporttialus
- pinta-alus
- purjealus
- puskualus
- päänalus
- päänaluslauta
- rahtialus
- rannikkoalus
- raskaslastialus
- risteilyalus
- ro-ro-alus
- saaristoalus
- saattaja-alus
- satama-alus
- siipiratasalus
- silmänalus
- sisaralus
- sisävesialus
- sota-alus
- suihkualus
- sukellusalus
- säiliöalus
- sängynaluslaatikko
- säähavaintoalus
- taistelualus
- tankkialus
- tarkastusalus
- tavara-alus
- tiedustelualus
- tukialus
- turbiinialus
- työntöalus
- valaanpyyntialus
- valtamerialus
- vartioalus
- vatsanalus
- vihollisalus
- viikinkialus
- väyläalus
- ydinalus
- yhteysalus
- öljynkeräysalus
- öljyntorjunta-alus
Further reading
[edit]- “alus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
[edit]Ingrian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From ala- (“under-”) + -us. Akin to Finnish alus and Estonian alus.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑɫuz̠]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑɫuʒ̥]
- (Hevaha) IPA(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑɫuʒ̥]
- Rhymes: -ɑlus
- Hyphenation: a‧lus
Noun
[edit]alus
- vessel, ship
- 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
- Ennen meil oli paljo alusmeehiä. Ken oli rikas - katsot, i alus oli.
- Before, we had a lot of sailors. Whoever was rich - you take one look, and [he has] a ship.
- lining (of a garment)
- bedding (base on which one sleeps)
Declension
[edit]Declension of alus (type 2/petos, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | alus | alukset |
genitive | aluksen | aluksiin |
partitive | alusta, alust | aluksia |
illative | aluksee | aluksii |
inessive | aluksees | aluksiis |
elative | aluksest | aluksist |
allative | alukselle | aluksille |
adessive | alukseel | aluksiil |
ablative | alukselt | aluksilt |
translative | alukseks | aluksiks |
essive | aluksenna, alukseen | aluksinna, aluksiin |
exessive1) | aluksent | aluksint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑlusːɑ/, [ˈɑɫus̠ː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑɫuʒ̥]
- (Hevaha) IPA(key): /ˈɑluːs/, [ˈɑɫːuːʒ̥]
- Rhymes: -ɑlusː, -ɑlus
- Hyphenation: a‧lus
Noun
[edit]alus
References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 14
- Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 20
Javanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]alus
- Romanization of ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀
Latvian
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Baltic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut- (“bitter”). A minority view considers the Latvian and Lithuanian terms to be ultimately borrowings from Germanic, via Old Prussian. Cognates include Lithuanian alùs, Old Prussian alu (“honey drink”), Old East Slavic олъ (olŭ, “strong drink”), Bulgarian олови́на (olovína, “beer yeast”), Slovene ôl (“beer”)|ol, Old English ealu, alu, English ale, Old Norse ǫl (“beer; feast”), Ancient Greek ἀλύδοιμος (alúdoimos, “bitter”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]alus m (3rd declension)
- beer (alcoholic beverage usually made with barley malt and hops)
- gaišais alus ― lager (literally, “light beer”)
- tumšais alus ― dark beer
- mājas alus ― home beer
- amatnieku alus ― craft beer
- medalus ― honey beer
- alus muca ― beer barrel, keg
- alus kauss ― beer mug
- alus darītava ― brewery (literally, “beer making place”)
- alus rūpniecība ― beer industry
- darīt, vārīt alu ― to make (literally, “to do”), to brew (literally, “to boil”) beer
- Jāņiem tika brūvēts alus, un nu staigāja no mutes uz muti liela, zaļa māla krūze, putām pārsegta, rūgteni smaržīga dzēriena pilna
- in midsummer beer was brewed, and then a big, green clay jug went from mouth to mouth, covered with foam and full of (that) bitter, aromatic drink
Declension
[edit]singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | alus | — |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | alus | — |
dative (datīvs) | alum | — |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | alu | — |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | alu | — |
locative (lokatīvs) | alū | — |
vocative (vokatīvs) | alus | — |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “alus”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-.[1]
Cognate with Latvian alus (“beer”), Old Prussian alu (“beer”), and Proto-Slavic *ȍlъ (“beer”).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]alùs m (plural ãlūs) stress pattern 4
Declension
[edit]singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (vardininkas) | alùs | ãlūs |
genitive (kilmininkas) | alaũs | alų̃ |
dative (naudininkas) | ãlui | alùms |
accusative (galininkas) | ãlų | alùs |
instrumental (įnagininkas) | alumì | alumìs |
locative (vietininkas) | alujè | aluosè |
vocative (šauksmininkas) | alaũ | ãlūs |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “alus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53
- ^ “alus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
- ^ “alùs” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 26 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).
Further reading
[edit]- “alus”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
- “alus”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2025
Old Javanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Affixed lus (“smoothness, softness; finesse; gentleness, subtleness”) + a-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]alus
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- "alus" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
Ternate
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Malay halus or Javanese ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ (alus).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]alus
Conjugation
[edit]singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | toalus | foalus | mialus | |
2nd person | noalus | nialus | ||
3rd person |
masculine | oalus | ialus yoalus (archaic) | |
feminine | moalus | |||
neuter | ialus |
References
[edit]- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- English non-lemma forms
- English noun forms
- Balinese non-lemma forms
- Balinese romanizations
- Estonian terms prefixed with ala-
- Estonian terms suffixed with -us
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian nouns
- Estonian terms with usage examples
- et:Grammar
- et:Chemistry
- Estonian katus-type nominals
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms suffixed with -us (association)
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑlus
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑlus/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish terms with collocations
- fi:Grammar
- Finnish dated terms
- Finnish vastaus-type nominals
- fi:Watercraft
- Ingrian terms suffixed with -us
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlus
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlus/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian nouns
- Ingrian terms with quotations
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlusː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlusː/2 syllables
- Ingrian non-lemma forms
- Ingrian noun forms
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian terms with audio pronunciation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian masculine nouns
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian third declension nouns
- Latvian noun forms
- lv:Beer
- Lithuanian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian nouns
- Lithuanian masculine nouns
- lt:Alcoholic beverages
- lt:Beer
- Old Javanese terms prefixed with a-
- Old Javanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Old Javanese/lʊs
- Rhymes:Old Javanese/lʊs/2 syllables
- Old Javanese lemmas
- Old Javanese adjectives
- Ternate terms derived from Malay
- Ternate terms derived from Javanese
- Ternate terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ternate lemmas
- Ternate verbs
- Ternate stative verbs