alus

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English[edit]

Noun[edit]

alus

  1. plural of alu

Anagrams[edit]

Balinese[edit]

Romanization[edit]

alus

  1. Romanization of ᬳᬮᬸᬲ᭄

Estonian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From ala- +‎ -us.

Noun[edit]

alus (genitive aluse, partitive alust)

  1. base, bottom (something on which an object stands or is attached to)
    Samba alus on graniidist. ― The base of the statue is made of granite.
  2. foundation, base, fundamental (in an abstract sense)
    Programmeerimise alused. ― Fundamentals of programming.
  3. watercraft, vessel
  4. (grammar) subject
  5. (chemistry) base
    Tugevaid aluseid nimetatakse leelisteks. ― Strong bases are called alkali.

Declension[edit]

Inflection of alus (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative alus alused
accusative aluse alused
genitive aluse aluste
partitive alust aluseid
illative alusesse alustesse
aluseisse
inessive aluses alustes
aluseis
elative alusest alustest
aluseist
allative alusele alustele
aluseile
adessive alusel alustel
aluseil
ablative aluselt alustelt
aluseilt
translative aluseks alusteks
aluseiks
terminative aluseni alusteni
essive alusena alustena
abessive aluseta alusteta
comitative alusega alustega

Derived terms[edit]

Finnish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From al +‎ -us.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑlus̠]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlus
  • Syllabification(key): a‧lus

Noun[edit]

alus

  1. vessel, craft, ship (vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space)
    Synonym: laiva
  3. (in compounds) underlay, base, under- (anything underlaid)
    Synonyms: alunen, alusta, (dialectal) alu-
    Antonyms: päälys, (dialectal) pääly-
    aluskerros ― underlayer
    alushousut ― underpants
    aluspatja ― bed base (literally, “undermattress”)
  4. (grammar, dated) subject
    Synonyms: subjekti, tekijä

Declension[edit]

Inflection of alus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative alus alukset
genitive aluksen alusten
aluksien
partitive alusta aluksia
illative alukseen aluksiin
singular plural
nominative alus alukset
accusative nom. alus alukset
gen. aluksen
genitive aluksen alusten
aluksien
partitive alusta aluksia
inessive aluksessa aluksissa
elative aluksesta aluksista
illative alukseen aluksiin
adessive aluksella aluksilla
ablative alukselta aluksilta
allative alukselle aluksille
essive aluksena aluksina
translative alukseksi aluksiksi
instructive — aluksin
abessive aluksetta aluksitta
comitative — aluksineen
Possessive forms of alus (type vastaus)
possessor singular plural
1st person alukseni aluksemme
2nd person aluksesi aluksenne
3rd person aluksensa

Derived terms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Ingrian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From ala- (“under-”) +‎ -us. Akin to Finnish alus and Estonian alus.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

alus

  1. vessel, ship
    • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
      Ennen meil oli paljo alusmeehiä. Ken oli rikas - katsot, i alus oli.
      Before, we had a lot of sailors. Whoever was rich - you take one look, and [he has] a ship.
  2. lining (of a garment)
  3. bedding (base on which one sleeps)
Declension[edit]
Declension of alus (type 2/petos, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative alus alukset
genitive aluksen aluksiin
partitive alusta, alust aluksia
illative aluksee aluksii
inessive aluksees aluksiis
elative aluksest aluksist
allative alukselle aluksille
adessive alukseel aluksiil
ablative alukselt aluksilt
translative alukseks aluksiks
essive aluksenna, alukseen aluksinna, aluksiin
exessive1) aluksent aluksint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

alus

  1. inessive singular of alku

References[edit]

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 14

Latvian[edit]

 alus on Latvian Wikipedia
Alus

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Baltic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut- (“bitter”). A minority view considers the Latvian and Lithuanian terms to be ultimately borrowings from Germanic, via Old Prussian. Cognates include Lithuanian alùs, Old Prussian alu (“honey drink”), Old East Slavic олъ (olŭ, “strong drink”), Bulgarian олови́на (olovína, “beer yeast”), Slovene ôl (“beer”)|ol, Old English ealu, alu, English ale, Old Norse ǫl (“beer; feast”), Ancient Greek ἀλύδοιμος (alúdoimos, “bitter”).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [alus]
  • (file)

Noun[edit]

alus m (3rd declension)

  1. beer (alcoholic beverage usually made with barley malt and hops)
    gaišais alus ― lager (literally, “light beer”)
    tumšais alus ― dark beer
    mājas alus ― home beer
    amatnieku alus ― craft beer
    medalus ― honey beer
    alus muca ― beer barrel, keg
    alus kauss ― beer mug
    alus darītava ― brewery (literally, “beer making place”)
    alus rūpniecība ― beer industry
    darīt, vārīt alu ― to make (literally, “to do”), to brew (literally, “to boil”) beer
    Jāņiem tika brūvēts alus, un nu staigāja no mutes uz muti liela, zaļa māla krūze, putām pārsegta, rūgteni smaržīga dzēriena pilna
    in midsummer beer was brewed, and then a big, green clay jug went from mouth to mouth, covered with foam and full of (that) bitter, aromatic drink

Declension[edit]

Declension of alus (3rd declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs) alus —
accusative (akuzatīvs) alu —
genitive (ģenitīvs) alus —
dative (datīvs) alum —
instrumental (instrumentālis) alu —
locative (lokatīvs) alū —
vocative (vokatīvs) alus —

References[edit]

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “alus”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian[edit]

 alus on Lithuanian Wikipedia
Alus

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-.[1]

Cognate with Latvian alus (“beer”), Old Prussian alu (“beer”), and Proto-Slavic *ȍlъ (“beer”).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

alùs m (plural ãlūs) stress pattern 4

  1. beer

Declension[edit]

declension of alus
singular (vienaskaita) plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas) alùs ãlūs
genitive (kilmininkas) alaũs alų̃
dative (naudininkas) ãlui alùms
accusative (galininkas) ãlų alùs
instrumental (įnagininkas) alumì alumìs
locative (vietininkas) alujè aluosè
vocative (šauksmininkas) alaũ ãlūs

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2015), “alus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53
  2. ^ “alus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
  3. ^ “alùs” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 26 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).

Further reading[edit]

  • “alus”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2023
  • “alus”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2023

Ternate[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Malay halus or Javanese ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ (alus).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

alus

  1. (stative) to be smooth
  2. (stative) to be polite
  3. (stative) to be refined (culturally)

Conjugation[edit]

Conjugation of alus
Singular Plural
Inclusive Exclusive
1st toalus foalus mialus
2nd noalus nialus
3rd Masculine oalus ialus, yoalus†
Feminine moalus
Neuter ialus
† - archaic

References[edit]

  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
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