beer

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See also: Beer, béer, beér, bëër, be-er, and Béër

English[edit]

WOTD – 28 March 2016
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A tall glass of German beer.

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English bere, from Old English bēor (“beer”) (Oxford OED notes: "rare, except in poetry"), from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą (“beer”) (putatively from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeusóm), meaning “brewer's yeast”.

However, also see the "beer" entry on OED (viz.), which links a connection to Vulgar Latin *biber (“a drink, beverage”), from Latin bibere (“to drink”). Samuel Johnson in his famous 18th-century A Dictionary of the English Language guessed it was from (unattested) Welsh *bîr; he distinguished it in his time from ale — the ancient usual word — by beer being older-aged and/or smaller.

Cognate with Saterland Frisian Bjoor, West Frisian bier, German Low German Beer, Dutch bier, German Bier, Icelandic bjór (“beer”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

beer (countable and uncountable, plural beers)

  1. (uncountable) An alcoholic drink fermented from starch material, commonly barley malt; often with hops or some other substance (like gruit) to impart a bitter flavor.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:beer
    Beer is brewed all over the world.
    • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎[1]:
      “ […] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like
        Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer. […] ”
  2. (uncountable) A fermented extract of the roots and other parts of various plants, as spruce, ginger, sassafras, etc.
  3. (uncountable) A solution produced by steeping plant materials in water or another fluid.
  4. (countable) A glass, bottle, or can of any of the above beverages.
    I bought a few beers from the shop for the party.
    Can I buy you a beer?
    I'd like two beers and a glass of white wine.
  5. (countable) A variety of the above beverages.
    Pilsner is one of the most commonly served beers in Europe.
    I haven't tried this beer before.
Derived terms[edit]
Terms derived from beer (noun)

Pages starting with “beer”.

Descendants[edit]
Translations[edit]
See also: Thesaurus:beer/translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Verb[edit]

beer (third-person singular simple present beers, present participle beering, simple past and past participle beered)

  1. (informal, transitive) To give beer to (someone)
    • 1870, Sidney Daryl, His First Brief. A Comedietta in Clement Scott, Drawing-room Plays and Parlour Pantomimes, Robson and Sons, pages 303–304:
      No doubt he then can feed us, wine us, beer us, And cook us something that can warm and cheer us.
    • 2010, Steve Brezenhoff, The Absolute Value of -1, Carolrhoda Lab, page 121:
      “Beer me!” said Goody. “Also your weed is shit. Where’s the good stuff, dude?”
    • 2013, Janet E. Cameron, Cinnamon Toast and the End of the World, Hatchette Books Ireland, page 124:
      I heard Patty Marsh yelling, ‘Beer him, Eleanor!’
    • 2013, R. D. Power, Forbidden, page 39:
      “Beer me!” To his astonishment she obeyed his command, appearing a minute later with a glass of beer and a wry smile.

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle English beere, equivalent to be +‎ -er.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

beer (plural beers)

  1. (nonstandard) One who is or exists.
    • 1990, Budge Wilson, “Be-ers and Doers”, in The leaving, and other stories:
      That meant, among other things, that he was going to be a fast-moving doer. And even when he was three or four, it wasn't hard for me to know that this wasn't going to be easy. Because Albert was a beer. Born that way.
Alternative forms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Anagrams[edit]

Afrikaans[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Dutch beer, from Proto-Germanic *berô.

Noun[edit]

beer (plural bere, diminutive beertjie)

  1. bear

Etymology 2[edit]

From Dutch beer, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

Noun[edit]

beer (plural bere)

  1. boar (male swine)

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Dutch bēre, from Old Dutch *bero, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô.

Noun[edit]

beer m (plural beren, diminutive beertje n)

  1. A bear, any member of the family Ursidae
    De beer drinkt bier.
    The bear drinks beer.
  2. (figurative) A person who is physically impressive and/or crude
    Wat een beer van een vent daar voorin, he?
    What a bear of a guy there in front, huh?
Derived terms[edit]
animal species
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Een beer of steunbeer. — A buttress.

From Middle Dutch bêer, from Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

Noun[edit]

beer m (plural beren, diminutive beertje n)

  1. boar (male swine)
    De kinderboerderij heeft een aantal zeugen en maar één beer.
    The petting zoo has a number of sows and only one boar.
  2. buttress; protective external construction, notably against ice or supporting the weight of the main building
  3. A boar-shaped type of battering ram
  4. A male badger
Derived terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch [Term?], from a derivative of Proto-West Germanic *bermō (“yeast”), related to Old English beorma, Albanian burmë.

Noun[edit]

beer m (plural beren, diminutive beertje n)

  1. (now dialectal) liquid, notably human manure (excrement gathered in a pit to fertilize)
    Wie doet er nu beer in zijn bier? Ik haat beer!
    Who in the world would put liquid manure in his beer? I hate manure!
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 4[edit]

Borrowed from German Bär. Cognate to etymology 1.

Noun[edit]

beer m (plural beren)

  1. (university slang) debt
    Door haar gokverslaving zat ze met een enorme beer opgescheept.
    Due to her gambling addiction she was saddled with an enormous debt.
    Synonym: schuld
  2. (university slang) creditor (one to whom one owes debt)
    Henry zag niet zijn beren op de weg, maar wel bij hem op de stoep.
    Henry didn't see his creditors on the road, but he did see them on his doorstep.
    Synonym: schuldeiser

References[edit]

  • M. J. Koenen & J. Endepols, Verklarend Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (tevens Vreemde-woordentolk), Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969 (26th edition) [Dutch dictionary in Dutch]

Latin[edit]

Verb[edit]

beer

  1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of beō

Limburgish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Low German bêr, from Old Saxon bior, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

beer n

  1. beer
Declension[edit]
    Declension of beer (neuter) in Limburgish.
Singular Plural
Root Mutation Diminutive Diminutive Mutation Root Mutation Diminutive Diminutive Mutation
Nominative beer peer beerke peerke bere pere beerker peerker
Genitive beers peers beerkes peerkes bere pere beerker peerker
Locative baeres paeres baereske paereske baerese paerese baereskes paereskes
Dative berem (archaic) perem (archaic) beerkem (archaic) peerkem (archaic) bere pere beerker peerker
Accusative beer peer beerke peerke bere pere beerker peerker

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch bēro, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

beer m

  1. boar (male swine)
Declension[edit]
    Declension of beer (masculine) in Limburgish.
Singular Plural
Root Mutation Diminutive Diminutive Mutation Root Mutation Diminutive Diminutive Mutation
Nominative beer peer beerke peerke bere pere beerker peerker
Genitive beers peers beerkes peerkes bere pere beerker peerker
Locative beres peres bereske pereske berese perese bereskes pereskes
Dative berem (archaic) perem (archaic) beerkem (archaic) peerkem (archaic) bere pere beerker peerker
Accusative bere (archaic) pere (archaic) beerke peerke bere pere beerker peerker
Related terms[edit]
  • zoog (“female swine”)

Etymology 3[edit]

From Middle High German ber, from Old High German beri. Alternatively from Middle Dutch bere, from Old Dutch *beri. Both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-.

Alternative forms[edit]

Noun[edit]

beer f

  1. berry
Declension[edit]
    Declension of beer (feminine) in Limburgish.
Singular Plural
Root Mutation Diminutive Diminutive Mutation Root Mutation Diminutive Diminutive Mutation
Nominative beer peer beerke peerke bere pere beerker peerker
Genitive beer peer beerkes peerkes bere pere beerker peerker
Locative beres peres bereske pereske berese perese bereskes pereskes
Dative bere (archaic) pere (archaic) beerkem (archaic) peerkem (archaic) bere pere beerker peerker
Accusative beer peer beerke peerke bere pere beerker peerker

Middle Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Dutch *bēr, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

Noun[edit]

bêer m

  1. boar, male pig

Inflection[edit]

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Old French[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Medieval Latin badō (“I am open”).

Verb[edit]

beer

  1. (transitive) to open
  2. (intransitive) to open
  3. (chiefly) to pant; to breathe heavily
  4. (figuratively) to desire; to lust for

Conjugation[edit]

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of beer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive beer avoir beé
gerund en beant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle beant
past participle beé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present be bees bee beons beez beent
imperfect beoie, beeie, beoe, beeve beoies, beeies, beoes, beeves beoit, beeit, beot, beeve beïiens, beïens beïiez, beïez beoient, beeient, beoent, beevent
preterite beai beas bea beames beastes beerent
future beerai beeras beera beerons beeroiz, beereiz, beerez beeront
conditional beeroie, beereie beeroies, beereies beeroit, beereit beeriiens, beeriens beeriiez, beeriez beeroient, beereient
compound
tenses 		present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present be bez bet beons beez beent
imperfect beasse beasses beast beïssons, beïssiens beïssoiz, beïssez, beïssiez beassent
compound
tenses 		past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— bee — beons beez —

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (beer)

Somali[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Cushitic *baar-.

Noun[edit]

beer ?

  1. liver, cultivated field, garden

References[edit]

  • Puglielli, Annarita; Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012), “beer”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga, Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN, page 101
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