kali

See also: Kali, káli, Káli, kalí, kálí, Kálí, käli, kāli, kaḻi, kāļi, and кали

English

Etymology 1

Arabic قِلْي‎ (qily). See alkali.

Noun

kali (uncountable)

1. The prickly glasswort (Kali turgida, formerly Salsola kali).
   • 1765, Temple H. Croker, Thomas Williams, Samuel Clarke, The Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: Volume 2

     But the kali is principally regarded, on account of its yielding copiously, when burnt, the fixed alkaline salt called soda […]

2. Alkali, particularly soda ash or potash.

Etymology 2

Uncertain; see arnis#Name at Wikipedia for more.

Noun

kali (uncountable)

1. Traditional Philippine stick fighting, a martial art.

   Synonyms: arnis, eskrima

Etymology 3

Uncertain; possibly a reference to the appearance of soda ash produced by burning kali (Etymology 1).

Noun

kali (uncountable)

1. A type of British crystalline sweet or candy, similar in appearance to sherbet but made with larger sugar crystals.
   • 1928, Kenrayne (pseudonym), “Toffees and Twists”, in The Homestead (South Africa)‎^[1], page 27:

     [M]any women will be glad to know exactly how to start making sweets so that they will be saleable. [...] Lozenges, comfits, kali, bonbons, etc.

   • 2005, Christopher Upton, Living Back-to-back‎^[2], page 152:

     The stock is supplied by Sela Traditional Sweet Co., based in Thynne Street, West Bromwich, which has been making a vast range of boiled sweets—sarsaparilla tablets, kali, clove balls, lime juice bricks, rosy apples and the rest—since 1882.

   • 2012 June 6, Nigel Slater (@NigelSlater), Twitter‎^[3]:

     A positive shower of sherbets. Include fountains, lemons, dibdabs, flying saucers, even jars of Kali.

Anagrams

• Kail, Laki, Lika, ilka, kail, kila, laik

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Anguthimri

Noun

kali

1. (Mpakwithi) hole

References

• Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 186

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Betawi

Noun

kali

1. river

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Central Huasteca Nahuatl

Noun

kali

1. building, house.

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Dupaningan Agta

Noun

kali

1. kind of large bird

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Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kalja. Possibly a pre-Balto-Slavic Indo-European loan, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂al-ew-yo-.

Noun

kali (genitive kalja, partitive kalja)

1. kvass

Declension

Declension of kali (type nali)

	singular	plural
nominative	kali	kaljad
genitive	kalja	kaljade
partitive	kalja	kaljasid / kalju
illative	kaljasse / kalja	kaljadesse / kaljusse
inessive	kaljas	kaljades / kaljus
elative	kaljast	kaljadest / kaljust
allative	kaljale	kaljadele / kaljule
adessive	kaljal	kaljadel / kaljul
ablative	kaljalt	kaljadelt / kaljult
translative	kaljaks	kaljadeks / kaljuks
terminative	kaljani	kaljadeni
essive	kaljana	kaljadena
abessive	kaljata	kaljadeta
comitative	kaljaga	kaljadega

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Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑli/, [ˈkɑli]
• Rhymes: -ɑli
• Syllabification: ka‧li

Noun

kali

1. potassium
2. potassium oxide

Declension

Inflection of kali (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		kali	kalit
genitive		kalin	kalien
partitive		kalia	kaleja
illative		kaliin	kaleihin
		singular	plural
nominative		kali	kalit
accusative	nom.	kali	kalit
	gen.	kalin
genitive		kalin	kalien
partitive		kalia	kaleja
inessive		kalissa	kaleissa
elative		kalista	kaleista
illative		kaliin	kaleihin
adessive		kalilla	kaleilla
ablative		kalilta	kaleilta
allative		kalille	kaleille
essive		kalina	kaleina
translative		kaliksi	kaleiksi
instructive		—	kalein
abessive		kalitta	kaleitta
comitative		—	kaleineen

Possessive forms of kali (type risti)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	kalini	kalimme
2nd person	kalisi	kalinne
3rd person	kalinsa

Anagrams

• laki, lika

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Ilocano

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali, from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.

Verb

kali (used in the form ikali)

1. to dig (to move hard-packed earth out of the way)

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Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka.li/

Etymology 1

From Malay kali. Indonesian perkalian ‘multiplication’ was only coined after independence, being cited for example in Poerwadarminta (1976) of which the first edition appeared in 1953, though not yet in Zain (1957).

Noun

kali (first-person possessive kaliku, second-person possessive kalimu, third-person possessive kalinya)

1. times

   Aku pergi ke sana dua kali sebulan.

   • I go there twice a month.

Preposition

kali

1. (mathematics) times

   Dua kali tiga sama dengan enam. ― Two times three equals six.

Usage notes

When multiplication is not commutative, dikali may be preferred. Otherwise, kali and dikali are interchangable.

Etymology 2

From Javanese kali.

Noun

kali (first-person possessive kaliku, second-person possessive kalimu, third-person possessive kalinya)

1. river

   Synonym: sungai

Etymology 3

clipping of sekali.

Adverb

kali

1. (Medan, slang) very

   Synonyms: amat, banget, sangat, sungguh

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

kali

1. catfish

   Synonym: lele

Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

kali

1. high official in South Sulawesi

Further reading

• “kali” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

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Javanese

Alternative forms

• Carakan: ꦏꦭꦶ

Etymology

From Old Javanese kali.

Noun

kali (ngoko kali, krama lèpèn)

1. river

   Hyponyms: bangawan, kalèn

References

• "kali" in Tim Balai Bahasa Yogyakarta, Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa). Kanisius, Yogyakarta

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Latvian

Verb

kali

1. 2nd person singular past indicative form of kalt

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Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kali/
• Rhymes: -ali, -li, -i

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *kali, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kali, from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.

Alternative forms

• gali

Verb

kali (used in the form mengali)

1. Obsolete form of gali.

Synonyms

• korek

Etymology 2

kali

Noun

kali (Jawi spelling کالي‎, plural kali-kali, informal 1st possessive kaliku, impolite 2nd possessive kalimu, 3rd possessive kalinya)

1. river (large stream which drains a landmass)

Synonyms

• alir
• alur
• batang
• bengawan
• ci
• sungai
• wai

Etymology 3

Noun

kali

1. times

Verb

kali

1. to times, to multiply

Further reading

• “kali” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

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Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From Tamil கள்ளி (kaḷḷi)

Noun

kali

1. cactus

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Ngiyambaa

Noun

kali

1. (Waangaybuwan) water
   • 2001, Mood and Modality →ISBN:

     ɡaliː-ŋinda-ɡila ŋiyanu balu-y-aɡa

     water-CARIT-HYPOTH we+PL+NOM die-CM-IRR

     we'll probably die for lack of water

Alternative forms

• gali (Wayilwan)

Further reading

• Barry Alpher, Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004, →ISBN

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Old Javanese

Noun

kali

1. river

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈka.lʲi/
• Hyphenation: ka‧li
• Rhymes: -alʲi

Verb

kali

1. third-person singular present of kalić

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Romani

Adjective

kali

1. feminine singular of kalo

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Serbo-Croatian

Verb

kali (Cyrillic spelling кали)

1. inflection of káliti:
   1. third-person singular present
   2. second-person singular imperative

Noun

kali (Cyrillic spelling кали)

1. nominative/vocative plural of kal

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Sundanese

Verb

kali

1. to dig

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Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Adjective

-kali (declinable)

1. sharp
2. fierce
3. acidic
4. harsh, cruel
5. savage
6. intense

Inflection

Inflected forms of -kali

Noun class	singular	plural
M-wa class	mkali	wakali
M-mi class	mkali	mikali
Ma class	kali	makali
Ki-vi class	kikali	vikali
N class	kali	kali
U class	mkali	kali
Pa class	pakali	pakali
Ku class	kukali	kukali
Mu class	mukali	mukali

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Vietnamese

Chemical element
K
Previous: agon (Ar)
Next: canxi (Ca)

Etymology

Ultimately from New Latin kalium, with the suffix -um removed as with most chemical elements.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kaː˧˧ li˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [kaː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [kaː˧˧ lɪj˧˧]
• Phonetic: ca li

Noun

kali

1. potassium