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kalt

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Central Franconian

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Etymology

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From Old High German *kald, northern variant of kalt, chalt. The variation between the stems kalt and kaal is due to the development -ald- → -āl-, which occurred only in open syllables.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kalt (masculine kaale, feminine kaal, comparative kaaler or kääler or kälder, superlative et kaalste or käälste or kältste)

  1. (most dialects) cold
    Loß’ mer heem john, ich hann kaal Föß.
    Let’s go home, my feet are cold.

Usage notes

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  • The commoner comparation forms were originally kaaler, et kaalste. Today, those with umlaut are preferred due to influence of German kälter, am kältesten.

Inflection

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Inflection example for kalt (Kölsch and central Ripuarian)
  masculine neuter feminine plural
positive
predicative / adverbial kalt
common
case 		strong kaale kalt kaal
weak kaal
partitive kaales —
dative
case 		initial kaalem kaaler kaale
non-initial kaale
comparative
predicative / adverbial kääler
common
case 		strong käälere kääler
weak
partitive kääleres —
dative
case 		initial käälerem käälerer käälere
non-initial käälere
superlative
predicative / adverbial et käälste
common
case 		strong käälste
weak
dative
case 		initial käälstem käälster käälste
non-initial käälste
Strong (indefinite) and weak (definite) forms are distinguished in the neuter common case. The partitive form follows certain indefinite pronouns like jet (“something”). In the singular dative, there is a simpler distinction between “initial” and “non-initial” position, depending on whether the adjective is the first declined word of the noun phrase or not.

Cimbrian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle High German kalt, from Old High German kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldaz. Cognate with German kalt, English cold.

Adjective

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kalt

  1. (Tredici Comuni) cold

Further reading

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑlt

Verb

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kalt

  1. inflection of kallen:
    1. second/third-person singular present indicative
    2. (archaic) plural imperative

Anagrams

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Faroese

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Adjective

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kalt

  1. neuter nominative/accusative of kaldur

German

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1. kalt

Etymology

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From Middle High German and Old High German kalt, from Proto-West Germanic *kald.

Cognates

Cognate to Low German kold, koolt, Dutch koud, English cold, Danish kold, Swedish kall.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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kalt (strong nominative masculine singular kalter, comparative kälter, superlative am kältesten)

  1. cold, chilly; the physical perception of something (objects, weather, body etc.) to have a low temperature
  2. calm, restrained, passionless
  3. cold, frigid (especially when referring to emotions)
  4. (housing) at cost (without utilities, such as heating, included)

Usage notes

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  • German kalt means “cold”, but not “feeling cold”; therefore the sentence ich bin kalt (literally “I am cold”) would mean that one’s body has a low temperature, particularly that one’s skin is cold on the outside. The English “I am cold” (that is: I feel cold) is equivalent to German mir ist kalt (literally “[to] me [it]'s cold”).

Declension

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Positive forms of kalt
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist kalt sie ist kalt es ist kalt sie sind kalt
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative kalter kalte kaltes kalte
genitive kalten kalter kalten kalter
dative kaltem kalter kaltem kalten
accusative kalten kalte kaltes kalte
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der kalte die kalte das kalte die kalten
genitive des kalten der kalten des kalten der kalten
dative dem kalten der kalten dem kalten den kalten
accusative den kalten die kalte das kalte die kalten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein kalter eine kalte ein kaltes (keine) kalten
genitive eines kalten einer kalten eines kalten (keiner) kalten
dative einem kalten einer kalten einem kalten (keinen) kalten
accusative einen kalten eine kalte ein kaltes (keine) kalten
Comparative forms of kalt
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist kälter sie ist kälter es ist kälter sie sind kälter
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative kälterer kältere kälteres kältere
genitive kälteren kälterer kälteren kälterer
dative kälterem kälterer kälterem kälteren
accusative kälteren kältere kälteres kältere
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der kältere die kältere das kältere die kälteren
genitive des kälteren der kälteren des kälteren der kälteren
dative dem kälteren der kälteren dem kälteren den kälteren
accusative den kälteren die kältere das kältere die kälteren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein kälterer eine kältere ein kälteres (keine) kälteren
genitive eines kälteren einer kälteren eines kälteren (keiner) kälteren
dative einem kälteren einer kälteren einem kälteren (keinen) kälteren
accusative einen kälteren eine kältere ein kälteres (keine) kälteren
Superlative forms of kalt
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist am kältesten sie ist am kältesten es ist am kältesten sie sind am kältesten
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative kältester kälteste kältestes kälteste
genitive kältesten kältester kältesten kältester
dative kältestem kältester kältestem kältesten
accusative kältesten kälteste kältestes kälteste
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der kälteste die kälteste das kälteste die kältesten
genitive des kältesten der kältesten des kältesten der kältesten
dative dem kältesten der kältesten dem kältesten den kältesten
accusative den kältesten die kälteste das kälteste die kältesten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein kältester eine kälteste ein kältestes (keine) kältesten
genitive eines kältesten einer kältesten eines kältesten (keiner) kältesten
dative einem kältesten einer kältesten einem kältesten (keinen) kältesten
accusative einen kältesten eine kälteste ein kältestes (keine) kältesten

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Derived terms
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Adverb

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kalt

  1. (of rent-paying) as base rent; excluding utilities
    Antonym: warm
    Ich zahle 550 € kalt für meine Wohnung.
    I pay €550 base rent for my apartment.

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “kalt” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “kalt” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • “kalt” in Duden online

Latvian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to hit, strike”), cognates include Latin clādēs.[1] See the latter for more.

Pronunciation

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Request for audio pronunciation This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Verb

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kalt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present kaļu, kal, kaļ, past kalu)

  1. to forge
  2. to hammer
  3. to chisel
  4. to coin (money)
  5. to mint (money)
  6. to shoe (a horse)
  7. to peck (of a woodpecker)
  8. to hew

Conjugation

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Conjugation of kalt (1st)
indicative (īstenības izteiksme) imperative
(pavēles izteiksme)
present
(tagadne) 		past
(pagātne) 		future
(nākotne)
1st person sg es kaļu kalu kalšu —
2nd person sg tu kal kali kalsi kal
3rd person sg viņš, viņa kaļ kala kals lai kaļ
1st person pl mēs kaļam kalām kalsim kalsim
2nd person pl jūs kaļat kalāt kalsiet,
kalsit 		kaliet
3rd person pl viņi, viņas kaļ kala kals lai kaļ
renarrative (atstāstījuma izteiksme) participles (divdabji)
present kaļot present active 1 (adj.) kaļošs
past esot kalis present active 2 (adv.) kaldams
future kalšot present active 3 (adv.) kaļot
imperative lai kaļot present active 4 (obj.) kaļam
conditional (vēlējuma izteiksme) past active kalis
present kaltu present passive kaļams
past būtu kalis past passive kalts
debitive (vajadzības izteiksme) nominal forms
indicative (būt) jākaļ infinitive (nenoteiksme) kalt
conjunctive 1 esot jākaļ negative infinitive nekalt
conjunctive 2 jākaļot verbal noun kalšana

References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “kalt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål

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Verb

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kalt

  1. past participle of kalle

Old High German

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *kald, whence also Old Saxon kald, Old English cald, Old Norse kaldr, Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds).

Adjective

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kalt

  1. cold

Declension

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Strong declension of kalt
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaltēr, kalt kaltiu, kalt kaltaȥ, kalt
accusative kaltan kalta kaltaȥ, kalt
genitive kaltes kaltera kaltes
dative kaltemu kalteru kaltemu
instrumental kaltu — kaltu
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kalte, kalt kalto, kalt kaltiu, kalt
accusative kalte kalto kaltiu, kalt
genitive kaltero kaltero kaltero
dative kaltēm kaltēm kaltēm
Weak declension of kalt
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kalto kalta kalta
accusative kalton kaltūn kalta
genitive kalten kaltūn kalten
dative kalten kaltūn kalten
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kalton kaltūn kalton
accusative kalton kaltūn kalton
genitive kaltōno kaltōno kaltōno
dative kaltōm kaltōm kaltōm
Declension of comparative of kalt
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaltōro kaltōra kaltōra
accusative kaltōron kaltōrūn kaltōra
genitive kaltōren kaltōrūn kaltōren
dative kaltōren kaltōrūn kaltōren
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaltōron kaltōrūn kaltōron
accusative kaltōron kaltōrūn kaltōron
genitive kaltōrōno kaltōrōno kaltōrōno
dative kaltōrōm kaltōrōm kaltōrōm
Strong declension of superlative kalt
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaltōstēr, kaltōst kaltōstiu, kaltōst kaltōstaȥ, kaltōst
accusative kaltōstan kaltōsta kaltōstaȥ, kaltōst
genitive kaltōstes kaltōstera kaltōstes
dative kaltōstemu kaltōsteru kaltōstemu
instrumental kaltōstu — kaltōstu
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaltōste, kaltōst kaltōsto, kaltōst kaltōstiu, kaltōst
accusative kaltōste kaltōsto kaltōstiu, kaltōst
genitive kaltōstero kaltōstero kaltōstero
dative kaltōstēm kaltōstēm kaltōstēm
Weak declension of superlative kalt
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaltōsto kaltōsta kaltōsta
accusative kaltōston kaltōstūn kaltōsta
genitive kaltōsten kaltōstūn kaltōsten
dative kaltōsten kaltōstūn kaltōsten
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative kaltōston kaltōstūn kaltōston
accusative kaltōston kaltōstūn kaltōston
genitive kaltōstōno kaltōstōno kaltōstōno
dative kaltōstōm kaltōstōm kaltōstōm

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old Norse

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Adjective

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kalt

  1. strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of kaldr

Pennsylvania German

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Etymology

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From Middle High German and Old High German kalt. Compare German kalt, Dutch koud, English cold.

Adjective

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kalt (comparative kelder, superlative keltscht)

  1. cold

Swedish

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Adjective

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kalt

  1. indefinite neuter singular of kal
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