kalu

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kalu"

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi कालू (kālū, “a dark-skinned person”)

Noun

kalu (uncountable)

1. (India, offensive) a dark-skinned person.

   When dark skin carries such a heavy burden of discrimination — one that is alive and kicking even today — calling a person kalu, regardless of how much affection it’s said with, cannot be harmless. - Rajvi Desai

Central Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay kalau (“if, when”).

Conjunction

kalu

1. if

References

• "Besemah" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
• Irsan, M. (2009), Kajian geografi dialek bahasa Besemah di kabupaten Lahat. Cited in: "Lahat (Central Malay)" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
• "Ogan" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

Estonian

Noun

kalu

1. partitive plural of kala

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kalu. Possibly related to Northern Sami gálvu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑlu/, [ˈkɑ̝lu]
• Rhymes: -ɑlu
• Syllabification^(key): ka‧lu
• Hyphenation^(key): ka‧lu

Noun

kalu

1. physical thing, object, tool
2. (colloquial) penis

Declension

Inflection of kalu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		kalu	kalut
genitive		kalun	kalujen
partitive		kalua	kaluja
illative		kaluun	kaluihin
		singular	plural
nominative		kalu	kalut
accusative	nom.	kalu	kalut
	gen.	kalun
genitive		kalun	kalujen
partitive		kalua	kaluja
inessive		kalussa	kaluissa
elative		kalusta	kaluista
illative		kaluun	kaluihin
adessive		kalulla	kaluilla
ablative		kalulta	kaluilta
allative		kalulle	kaluille
essive		kaluna	kaluina
translative		kaluksi	kaluiksi
abessive		kalutta	kaluitta
instructive		—	kaluin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of kalu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kaluni kaluni accusative nom. kaluni kaluni gen. kaluni genitive kaluni kalujeni partitive kaluani kalujani inessive kalussani kaluissani elative kalustani kaluistani illative kaluuni kaluihini adessive kalullani kaluillani ablative kalultani kaluiltani allative kalulleni kaluilleni essive kalunani kaluinani translative kalukseni kaluikseni abessive kaluttani kaluittani instructive — — comitative — kaluineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative kalusi kalusi accusative nom. kalusi kalusi gen. kalusi genitive kalusi kalujesi partitive kaluasi kalujasi inessive kalussasi kaluissasi elative kalustasi kaluistasi illative kaluusi kaluihisi adessive kalullasi kaluillasi ablative kalultasi kaluiltasi allative kalullesi kaluillesi essive kalunasi kaluinasi translative kaluksesi kaluiksesi abessive kaluttasi kaluittasi instructive — — comitative — kaluinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kalumme kalumme accusative nom. kalumme kalumme gen. kalumme genitive kalumme kalujemme partitive kaluamme kalujamme inessive kalussamme kaluissamme elative kalustamme kaluistamme illative kaluumme kaluihimme adessive kalullamme kaluillamme ablative kalultamme kaluiltamme allative kalullemme kaluillemme essive kalunamme kaluinamme translative kaluksemme kaluiksemme abessive kaluttamme kaluittamme instructive — — comitative — kaluinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative kalunne kalunne accusative nom. kalunne kalunne gen. kalunne genitive kalunne kalujenne partitive kaluanne kalujanne inessive kalussanne kaluissanne elative kalustanne kaluistanne illative kaluunne kaluihinne adessive kalullanne kaluillanne ablative kalultanne kaluiltanne allative kalullenne kaluillenne essive kalunanne kaluinanne translative kaluksenne kaluiksenne abessive kaluttanne kaluittanne instructive — — comitative — kaluinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative kalunsa kalunsa accusative nom. kalunsa kalunsa gen. kalunsa genitive kalunsa kalujensa partitive kaluaan kaluansa kalujaan kalujansa inessive kalussaan kalussansa kaluissaan kaluissansa elative kalustaan kalustansa kaluistaan kaluistansa illative kaluunsa kaluihinsa adessive kalullaan kalullansa kaluillaan kaluillansa ablative kalultaan kalultansa kaluiltaan kaluiltansa allative kalulleen kalullensa kaluilleen kaluillensa essive kalunaan kalunansa kaluinaan kaluinansa translative kalukseen kaluksensa kaluikseen kaluiksensa abessive kaluttaan kaluttansa kaluittaan kaluittansa instructive — — comitative — kaluineen kaluinensa

Derived terms

• kalustaa
• kalusto

compounds

• ajokalu
• alttarikalu
• huonekalu
• juhlakalu
• kalukukkaro
• kalulaatikko
• kalunkirjoitus
• kalupakki
• kalupuu
• kaluvaja
• keittiökalu
• leikkikalu
• miehenkalu
• onnenkalu
• peltokalu
• perintökalu
• sisuskalut
• sisäkalut
• taikakalu
• tarvekalu
• työkalu

Further reading

• “kalu”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Anagrams

• Luka, alku, laku

Latvian

Verb

kalu

1. first-person singular past indicative of kalt

Malay

Etymology

Dialectal pronunciation of kalau (“if”).

Adverb

kalu

1. (dialectal, Sambas) maybe

Conjunction

kalu

1. (dialectal, Kelantan-Pattani) if

   Synonym: (standard) jika

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

kalu (Cyrillic spelling калу)

1. dative/vocative/locative singular of kal

Uab Meto

Etymology

Borrowed from Indonesian kalau (“if, when”).

Conjunction

kalu

1. if

References

• Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kalu.

Noun

kalu

1. thing, object
2. stick, pole

Inflection

Inflection of kalu (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	kalu
genitive sing.	kalun
partitive sing.	kalud
partitive plur.	kaluid
	singular	plural
nominative	kalu	kalud
accusative	kalun	kalud
genitive	kalun	kaluiden
partitive	kalud	kaluid
essive-instructive	kalun	kaluin
translative	kaluks	kaluikš
inessive	kalus	kaluiš
elative	kaluspäi	kaluišpäi
illative	kalhu kaluhu	kaluihe
adessive	kalul	kaluil
ablative	kalulpäi	kaluilpäi
allative	kalule	kaluile
abessive	kaluta	kaluita
comitative	kalunke	kaluidenke
prolative	kaludme	kaluidme
approximative I	kalunno	kaluidenno
approximative II	kalunnoks	kaluidennoks
egressive	kalunnopäi	kaluidennopäi
terminative I	kalhusai kaluhusai	kaluihesai
terminative II	kalulesai	kaluilesai
terminative III	kalussai	—
additive I	kalhupäi kaluhupäi	kaluihepäi
additive II	kalulepäi	kaluilepäi

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “вещь, палка, предмет”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[2], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈka.l̪u/

Verb

kalu

1. (transitive) to stir

Conjugation

Conjugation of kalu (action verb)

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		takalu	makalu	akalu
2nd person		nakalu	fakalu
3rd person	inanimate	ikalu	dakalu
	animate
imperative		nakalu, kalu	fakalu, kalu

References

• James Collins (1982), Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎^[3], Pacific linguistics