晨

晨 U+6668, 晨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6668 ← 晧 [U+6667] CJK Unified Ideographs 晩 → [U+6669]

Translingual

Han character

晨 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+7, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 日一一女 (AMMV), four-corner 6023₂, composition ⿱日辰)

Derived characters

• 𮱗, 𮳐, 𤡠, 𣊐, 𤍴, 𮴭, 𩀭, 鷐(𫜀), 𫳳, 𬞀

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 496, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13962
• Dae Jaweon: page 862, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1512, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6668

Chinese

trad.		晨
simp. #		晨
alternative forms		䢅 辰 曟 㫳 𠔹 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (辰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
辴	*tʰɯl, *tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn
屒	*tɯnʔ, *djɯn
振	*tjɯn, *tjɯns
侲	*tjɯn, *tjɯn
桭	*tjɯn, *djɯn
唇	*tjɯn, *ɦljun
帪	*tjɯn
賑	*tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns
裖	*tjɯnʔ
敐	*tjɯnʔ, *djɯn
震	*tjɯn
娠	*tjɯns, *hljɯn
蜃	*djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins
辰	*djɯn
晨	*djɯn, *ɦljɯn
宸	*djɯn
鷐	*djɯn
麎	*djɯn
祳	*djɯnʔ
脤	*djɯnʔ
鋠	*djɯnʔ
磭	*ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
陙	*djun
脣	*ɦljun
漘	*ɦljun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯn, *ɦljɯn) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn, “time”). Originally written as 辰 alone; 辰 now refers primarily to one of the twelve earthly branches.

Etymology

Endopassive of 震 (OC *tjɯn, “to shake”) and 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to excite”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to tremble; to shiver”), literally "to stir oneself" > "when life begins to stir" > "early morning" (Schuessler, 2007). Smith (2011) relates 晨 (chén, “early morning”) to 辰 (chén) < *dən, the original form of 蜃 (shèn, “mollusc, clam”) < *dəns, as the rising sun looks ovoid due to atmospheric refraction.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chén (chen²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄣˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sen²

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): shén / chén

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): chén

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): san⁴

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): san⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sin³

• Gan (Wiktionary): siin⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n

  (Hailu, HRS): shin

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sen²

• Jin (Wiktionary): ceng¹
• Northern Min (KCR): sěng
• Eastern Min (BUC): sìng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sîn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sing⁵

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): xieng⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶zen / ²zen / ²zhin / ²zeen / ²zyun / ²zon
  • (Jinhua): ²zhin
• Xiang

  (Changsha, Wiktionary): shen²

  (Hengyang, Wiktionary): xin²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chén
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chén
    • Wade–Giles: chʻên²
    • Yale: chén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
    • Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: sen²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sən²¹/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: shén / chén
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂẽ²⁴/, /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ²⁴/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: chén
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): chen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: san⁴
    • Yale: sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²¹/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: san⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: sin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sin²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: siin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɨn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
    • Hakka Romanization System: siin^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin²
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shin
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sen²
    • Sinological IPA: /sən¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ceng¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sěng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: síng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn
    • Tâi-lô: sîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siin
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sin²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sin²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sing⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sîng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: xieng⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sieŋ²²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zen
    • MiniDict: zen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²zen
    • MiniDict: zen^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /zəŋ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /zəŋ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /szən²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zən²²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /zəŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /zən³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /zen²³/
  • (Northern: Fuyang)
    • Wugniu: ²zhin
    • Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /ʑiŋ¹¹³/
  • (Northern: Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ²zeen
    • MiniDict: zen^平
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /zẽ²³¹/
  • (Northern: Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ²zyun
    • MiniDict: zoen^平
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /zz̩ʷøŋ³¹³/
  • (Northern: Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ²zon
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /zoŋ²²/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ²zhin
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ʑiŋ³¹³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: shen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂən¹³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sən¹³/
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: xin²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin¹¹/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 晨
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰən⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰẽ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʰẽ²⁴/
	Xining	/ʂə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/sən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/sən³¹/
	Guiyang	/sen²¹/
	Kunming	/ʂə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/ /ʂʐ̩¹³/ 早～飯
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/zən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/zen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zaŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂən¹³/
	Xiangtan	/sən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sən¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ʃen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɐn²¹/
	Nanning	/sɐn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/sɐn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sin³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/siŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/seiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/siŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tin³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyin, zyin

Rime
Character	晨	晨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	植鄰切	食鄰切
Baxter	dzyin	zyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪn/	/ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑin/	/ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjen/	/ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑin/	/ʑin/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕn/	/d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕn/	/d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕn/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chén	shén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san4	san4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ər/, /*sə-[d]ər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djɯn/, /*ɦljɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	晨	晨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chén	chén
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyin ›	‹ zyin ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ər/	/*sə-[d]ər/
English	early	part of Scorpio; morning
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	晨	晨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1373	1386
Phonetic component	辰	辰
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	辰	神
Old Chinese	/*djɯn/	/*ɦljɯn/

Definitions

晨

1. dawn; morning; daybreak
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of chicken) to herald the break of day

Compounds

• 伺晨鳥 / 伺晨鸟
• 侵晨 (qīnchén)
• 凌晨 (língchén)
• 司晨
• 史晨碑
• 孫晨稿席 / 孙晨稿席
• 寥若晨星 (liáoruòchénxīng)
• 拂晨
• 早晨
• 昏定晨省
• 明晨
• 昧旦晨興 / 昧旦晨兴
• 晨光 (chénguāng)
• 晨參暮省 / 晨参暮省
• 晨參暮禮 / 晨参暮礼
• 晨夕
• 晨操
• 晨昏 (chénhūn)
• 晨明 (chénmíng)
• 晨昏定省
• 晨昏顛倒 / 晨昏颠倒
• 晨星 (chénxīng)
• 晨曦 (chénxī)
• 晨歌 (chéngē)
• 晨炊 (chénchuī)
• 晨炊星飯 / 晨炊星饭
• 晨練 / 晨练 (chénliàn)
• 晨興夜寐 / 晨兴夜寐
• 晨褸 / 晨褛
• 晨跑 (chénpǎo)
• 晨運 / 晨运 (chényùn)
• 晨鐘暮鼓 / 晨钟暮鼓 (chénzhōngmùgǔ)
• 晨門 / 晨门
• 晨間 / 晨间
• 晨霧 / 晨雾 (chénwù)
• 晨風 / 晨风 (chénfēng)
• 晨鳧 / 晨凫
• 暮禮晨參 / 暮礼晨参
• 暮鼓晨鐘 / 暮鼓晨钟 (mùgǔchénzhōng)
• 清晨 (qīngchén)
• 牝雞司晨 / 牝鸡司晨 (pìnjīsīchén)
• 牝雞晨鳴 / 牝鸡晨鸣
• 牝雞無晨 / 牝鸡无晨
• 翌晨
• 花晨月夕

References

• “晨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “晨”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 29.

Japanese

Kanji

晨

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. morning; early

Readings

• Go-on: じん (jin)
• Kan-on: しん (shin)
• Kun: あした (ashita, 晨)、とき (toki, 晨)

Compounds

• 晨昏(しんこん) (shinkon)
• 晨明(しんめい) (shinmei): dawn

References

• “^▲晨”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 晨 (MC dzyin|zyin). Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

晨 (eumhun 새벽 신 (saebyeok sin))

1. hanja form^? of 신 (“dawn”)

Compounds

• 신광 (晨光, sin'gwang)
• 신명 (晨明, sinmyeong)
• 신성 (晨星, sinseong)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

晨: Hán Nôm readings: thần

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.