凌晨

Chinese

		approach	morning; dawn; daybreak
trad. (凌晨/淩晨)		凌/淩	晨
simp. (凌晨)		凌	晨
Literally: “approaching the morning”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): língchén

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ling⁴ san⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lêng-sîn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lêng⁵ sing⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: língchén
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: língchén
    • Wade–Giles: ling²-chʻên²
    • Yale: líng-chén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lingchern
    • Palladius: линчэнь (linčɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ling⁴ san⁴
    • Yale: lìhng sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴ san⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴ sen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹ sɐn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng-sîn
    • Tâi-lô: lîng-sîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lengsiin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻²² sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³⁻²² sin¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sin²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³⁻³³ sin²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lêng⁵ sing⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng sîng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ siŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: ling dzyin|zyin

Rime
Character	凌	晨	晨
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	常 (25)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	眞 (43)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	力膺切	植鄰切	食鄰切
Baxter	ling	dzyin	zyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨŋ/	/d͡ʑiɪn/	/ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨŋ/	/d͡ʑin/	/ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/lieŋ/	/d͡ʑjen/	/ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liŋ/	/d͡ʑin/	/ʑin/
Li Rong	/liəŋ/	/ʑiĕn/	/d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/lĭəŋ/	/ʑĭĕn/	/d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əŋ/	/ʑi̯ĕn/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng	chén	shén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling4	san4	san4

Noun

凌晨

1. hours before dawn; early morning; small hours

Synonyms

• 一黑早 (i⁶ he⁶ zau³) (Xiang)
• 大清早 (dàqīngzǎo)
• 大清老早 (⁶du-chin-lau-tsau) (Shanghainese)
• 天光 (tiānguāng)
• 天拉朗 (Teochew)
• 天欲光 (Hokkien)
• 平明 (píngmíng) (literary)
• 拂曉／拂晓 (fúxiǎo)
• 拍殕仔光 (phah-phú-á-kng) (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 拍殕光 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 拍殕光仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 早晨
• 早清 (zau² qing¹) (Jin)
• 晨明 (chénmíng) (literary)
• 清早 (qīngzǎo)
• 清早晨 (¹chin-tsau-zen) (Shanghainese)
• 清晨 (qīngchén)
• 老清老早 (⁶lau-chin-lau-tsau) (Shanghainese)
• 透早 (thàu-chá) (Hokkien)
• 麻亮兒／麻亮儿 (Xining Mandarin)
• 麻麻亮兒／麻麻亮儿 (Xining Mandarin)
• 黎明 (límíng)