夕
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Translingual
[edit]| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]
夕 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈 (NI), four-corner 27200, composition ⿴𠂊丶)
- Kangxi radical #36, ⼣.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/夕
- 㐴, 汐, 㶤, 矽, 釸, 邜, 舛, 斘, 飧, 名
- 歹, 㒱, 歺, 岁, 芕, 㱑, 穸, 罗, 㱔, 梦, 匇, 奖, 桨, 浆, 酱, 䇟, 摉
Additional Derived Characters
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5749
- Dae Jaweon: page 487, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 859, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5915
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 夕 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 夕 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 夕 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) — moon crescent. Compare to its ancient variant 月.
Etymology 1
[edit]Related to 汐 (OC *ljaːɡ, “evening tide”).
Schuessler (2007) suggests it is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak (“day; full day; to spend the night”); cognate with Tibetan ཞག (zhag, “day (24 hours)”), Mizo riak (“to pass the night”), Jingpho [script needed] (jaʔ⁵⁵, “day (24 hours)”), Burmese ရက် (rak, “day (24 hours)”), Lahu há (“night; to pass the night”); may also be cognate with 宿 (OC *suɡs, *suɡ, “to spend the night”) and 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ, “former times”). It is noted that in the oracle bone script, the 24 hour day started and ended some time in the evening or night. Since 日 (rì, “sun”) has acquired the meaning of "day (24 hours)", 夕 was then restricted to the time of the day's end.
On the other hand, STEDT suggests 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ, “evening; night”) was derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ja-n (“night”), from which 夜 (OC *laːɡs, “night”) was also derived. However, 夕 was also compared to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ak (“day; full day; to spend the night”). Schuessler (2007) assigns Chinese 夜 (yè) to *ja (“night”) instead, and notes *ja (“night”) and *ryak (“day (24 hours)”) were kept strictly separate in Tibeto-Burman.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zik6
- Gan (Wiktionary): xit6
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): sĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih7
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zhiq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): si6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xī
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: si
- Wade–Giles: hsi1
- Yale: syī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
- Palladius: си (si)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xì
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sì
- Wade–Giles: hsi4
- Yale: syì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
- Palladius: си (si)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щи (xi, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zik6
- Yale: jihk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzik9
- Guangdong Romanization: jig6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕit̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: xid
- Hagfa Pinyim: xid6
- Sinological IPA: /sit̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: sidˋ
- Sinological IPA: /sit²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /si²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /siʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sih7
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiʔ⁴/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
- Tâi-lô: si̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: sit
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
- Tâi-lô: si̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: sek
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /siɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍h
- Tâi-lô: sia̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: siah
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siaʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā
- Tâi-lô: siā
- Phofsit Daibuun: sia
- IPA (Xiamen): /sia²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- si̍t/se̍k - literary;
- sia̍h/siā - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: zjek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ɢAk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ljaːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]夕
- night; evening; dusk
- 哀我征夫、朝夕不暇。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Āi wǒ zhēngfū, zhāoxī bùxiá. [Pinyin]
- Woe to us soldiers on these expeditions! Morning and evening we have no rest.
- 今夕何夕兮，搴舟中流。今日何日兮，得與王子同舟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Shuoyuan, circa 1st century BCE
- Jīnxī hé xī xī, qiān zhōu zhōngliú. Jīnrì hérì xī, dé yǔ wángzǐ tóng zhōu. [Pinyin]
- What night is tonight, that I take a boat into the stream? What day is today, that I get to share a boat with a prince?
今夕何夕兮，搴舟中流。今日何日兮，得与王子同舟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一夕 (yīxī)
- 一朝一夕 (yīzhāoyīxī)
- 七夕 (Qīxī)
- 今夕 (jīnxī)
- 今夕何夕
- 前夕 (qiánxī)
- 匪朝伊夕
- 危在旦夕 (wēizàidànxī)
- 只爭旦夕 / 只争旦夕
- 吉夕
- 命在旦夕
- 夕惕
- 夕惕若厲 / 夕惕若厉
- 夕拜
- 夕日 (xīrì)
- 夕暉 / 夕晖
- 夕暮
- 夕曛
- 夕月
- 夕煙 / 夕烟 (xīyān)
- 夕照 (xīzhào)
- 夕陽 / 夕阳 (xīyáng)
- 夕陽工業 / 夕阳工业
- 夕陽簫鼓 / 夕阳箫鼓
- 夕陽西下 / 夕阳西下 (xīyángxīxià)
- 夕陽餘暉 / 夕阳余晖
- 夕食
- 大除夕
- 宿夕
- 寅憂夕惕 / 寅忧夕惕
- 小除夕
- 巧夕
- 既夕禮 / 既夕礼
- 日夕
- 旦夕 (dànxī)
- 旦夕之危
- 旦夕之費 / 旦夕之费
- 旦夕禍福 / 旦夕祸福
- 旦暮朝夕
- 昕夕
- 晡夕
- 晨夕
- 月夕
- 月夕花朝
- 朝不保夕 (zhāobùbǎoxī)
- 朝不及夕
- 朝不圖夕 / 朝不图夕
- 朝不慮夕 / 朝不虑夕 (zhāobùlǜxī)
- 朝不謀夕 / 朝不谋夕
- 朝乾夕惕 / 朝干夕惕
- 朝令夕改 (zhāolìngxīgǎi)
- 朝兢夕惕
- 朝出夕改
- 朝夕 (zhāoxī)
- 朝夕不倦
- 朝夕難保 / 朝夕难保 (zhāoxīnánbǎo)
- 朝思夕想
- 朝思夕計 / 朝思夕计
- 朝更夕改 (zhāogēngxīgǎi)
- 朝榮夕悴 / 朝荣夕悴
- 朝榮夕斃 / 朝荣夕毙
- 朝榮夕滅 / 朝荣夕灭
- 朝發夕至 / 朝发夕至 (zhāofāxīzhì)
- 朝聞夕改 / 朝闻夕改
- 朝聞夕死 / 朝闻夕死
- 朝行夕改
- 朝過夕改 / 朝过夕改
- 朝饔夕飧 (zhāoyōngxìsūn)
- 永夕
- 燈夕 / 灯夕
- 申旦達夕 / 申旦达夕
- 當夕 / 当夕
- 禍在旦夕 / 祸在旦夕
- 終夕 / 终夕
- 花晨月夕
- 花朝月夕
- 西夕年
- 連朝接夕 / 连朝接夕
- 除夕 (chúxī)
- 竟夕 (jìngxī)
Etymology 2
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 夕 – see 穸 (“a vault or recess in a sepulchre meant to store a coffin”). (This character is a variant form of 穸). |
Etymology 3
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 夕 – see 月 (“moon; moon-shaped; round like a moon; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 月). |
Etymology 4
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 夕 – see 明 (“bright; light; brilliant; clear; limpid; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 明). |
References
[edit]- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00839
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B03133-001-1
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]夕
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じゃく (jaku)←じやく (zyaku, historical)
- Kan-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
- Kun: ゆう (yū, 夕, Jōyō)←ゆふ (yufu, 夕, historical)、ゆうべ (yūbe, 夕べ)←ゆふべ (yufube, 夕べ, historical)
Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 夕 |
| ゆう Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *yupu.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 夕 |
| ゆう(べ) Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 夕 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 夕, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 夕 (MC zjek).
Recorded as Middle Korean 쎡〮 (Yale: ssyek) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 셕〮 (syék) (Yale: syek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]
夕 (eumhun 저녁 석 (jeonyeok seok))
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Hanja
[edit]夕 (eumhun 한 움큼 사 (han umkeum sa))
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]夕
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]夕 (yū)
Derived terms
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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