酸

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See also: 痠
酸 U+9178, 酸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9178
← 酷
[U+9177] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 酹 →
[U+9179]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

酸 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一田戈金水 (MWICE), four-corner 13647, composition ⿰酉夋)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1283, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39871
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1783, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3585, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+9178

Chinese[edit]

trad. 酸
simp. # 酸
2nd round simp. 夋
alternative forms 𨢽

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (允) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唆 *sloːl
梭 *sloːl
葰 *sloːlʔ, *sroːlʔ, *slul
誜 *sroːls
朘 *ʔslon
捘 *ʔsluːls, *ʔsluːns, *sʰlun
荾 *slul
酸 *sloːn
狻 *sloːn
痠 *sloːn
鋑 *ʔslon
脧 *ʔsluːl
悛 *sʰlon
吮 *zlonʔ, *ɦljunʔ
萒 *ɡronʔ, *lonʔ
沇 *lonʔ
抁 *lonʔ
馻 *lonʔ, *lunʔ
兖 *lonʔ
渷 *lonʔ
兗 *lonʔ
焌 *ʔsluːns, *ʔsluns, *sʰlud
允 *lunʔ
狁 *lunʔ
玧 *lunʔ
俊 *ʔsluns
晙 *ʔsluns, *sluns
餕 *ʔsluns
畯 *ʔsluns
駿 *ʔsluns
竣 *sʰlun
皴 *sʰlun
逡 *sʰlun
踆 *sʰlun
夋 *sʰlun
埈 *sluns
陖 *sluns
鵕 *sluns
浚 *sluns
峻 *sluns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːn): semantic 酉 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: lhon1* - “vinegar”.
Note:
  • sng/suiⁿ - vernacular;
  • soan - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 酸
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 桓 (62)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 素官切
    Baxter swan
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/suɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sʷɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/suɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/swan/
    Li
    Rong         		/suɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/suɑn/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/suɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		suān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		syun1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 酸
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		suān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ swan ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[s]ˁor/
    English sour

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 酸
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16434
    Phonetic
    component         		允
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		酸
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sloːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    酸

    1. sour; tart
      酸葡萄  ―  suānpútáo  ―  sour grapes
    2. (chemistry) acid [from late 19th c.]
      鹽酸／盐酸  ―  yánsuān  ―  hydrochloric acid
      Antonym: 鹼／碱 (jiǎn)
    3. (Siyi Cantonese) vinegar
    4. sick at heart; grieved; sad
    5. Alternative form of 痠 (suān, “aching; sore; stiff”)
    6. stingy; miserly
    7. narrow-minded; pedantic
    8. spoiled; rancid
    9. to satirize; to ridicule
    10. (Internet slang) jealous; envious [from 2019]
      See also: 吃不到的葡萄是酸的, sour grapes
      See also: 醋, 吃醋
      alt. forms: 🍋
    11. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (sour): (Yinchuan) 嘬 (chuài)
    Dialectal synonyms of 醋 (“vinegar”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 醋
    Mandarin Beijing 醋, 忌諱
    Taiwan 醋
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 忌諱
    Harbin 醋, 忌諱
    Shenyang 醋, 忌諱
    Yantai (Muping) 醋, 忌諱
    Qingdao 忌諱
    Jinan 醋, 忌諱
    Luoyang 醋
    Wanrong 醋
    Zhengzhou 忌諱
    Xi'an 醋
    Yinchuan 醋
    Lanzhou 醋
    Xining 醋
    Wuhan 醋
    Chengdu 醋
    Guiyang 醋
    Kunming 醋
    Guilin 醋
    Liuzhou 醋, 酸醋
    Xuzhou 醋, 忌諱
    Yangzhou 醋
    Nanjing 醋
    Hefei 醋
    Nantong 醋
    Singapore 醋
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 醋
    Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 醋
    Cantonese Guangzhou 醋
    Hong Kong 醋
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 醋
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 醋
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 醋
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 醋
    Macau 醋
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 醋
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 醋
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 醋
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 醋
    Foshan 醋
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 醋
    Foshan (Shunde) 醋
    Foshan (Sanshui) 醋
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 醋
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 醋
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 醋
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 醋
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 醋
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 醋
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 醋
    Taishan 酸, 醋
    Kaiping (Chikan) 酸
    Enping (Niujiang) 酸, 醋
    Heshan (Yayao) 醋
    Dongguan 醋
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 醋
    Shenzhen (Dapeng) 醋
    Qingyuan 醋
    Fogang 醋
    Yingde (Hanguang) 醋
    Yangshan 醋
    Lianshan (Butian) 醋
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 醋
    Shaoguan 醋
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 醋
    Renhua 醋
    Lechang 醋
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 醋
    Sihui 醋
    Guangning 醋
    Deqing 醋
    Huaiji 醋
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 醋
    Yunfu 醋
    Xinxing 醋
    Luoding 醋
    Yunan (Pingtai) 醋
    Yangjiang 醋
    Xinyi 酸醋
    Lianjiang 醋
    Nanning 醋, 七醋, 酸醋
    Wuzhou 醋
    Yulin 醋
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 醋
    Beihai 醋
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 酸醋
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 醋
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 酸醋
    Danzhou 醋
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 醋
    Singapore (Guangfu) 醋
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 醋
    Móng Cái 酸醋
    Yangon (Taishan) 醋
    Gan Nanchang 醋, 小酒
    Lichuan 醋, 小酒
    Pingxiang 醋, 小酒
    Hakka Meixian 醋, 酸醋, 甜酒
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 醋
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 醋
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 醋
    Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 醋
    Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 醋
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 醋
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 醋
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 醋
    Wuhua (Changbu) 醋
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 醋, 酸醋
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 醋
    Liannan 醋
    Conghua (Lütian) 酸醋
    Jiexi 醋
    Changting 醋
    Ninghua 小酒, 醋
    Yudu 醋, 小酒, 酸酒
    Shicheng 醋
    Shangyou (Shexi) 小酒
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 酸醋, 醋
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 酸醋, 醋
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 酸醋
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 酸醋, 醋
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 酸醋, 醋
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 酸醋, 醋
    Hong Kong 醋
    Luchuan 醋
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 醋
    Sabah (Longchuan) 酸醋
    Senai (Huiyang) 醋
    Singkawang 甜酒
    Huizhou Jixi 醋
    Shexian 醋
    Tunxi 醋
    Xiuning 醋
    Yixian 醋
    Qimen 醋
    Wuyuan 醋
    Jin Taiyuan 醋
    Pingyao 醋
    Xinzhou 醋
    Hohhot 醋
    Min Bei Jian'ou 醋, 小酒
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 醋
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 醋
    Pucheng (Shibei) 醋
    Min Dong Fuzhou 醋
    Fuqing 醋, 酸
    Min Nan Xiamen 醋
    Quanzhou 醋
    Kaohsiung 醋
    Penang (Hokkien) 醋
    Singapore (Hokkien) 醋
    Manila (Hokkien) 醋
    Zhangping 酸醋
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 醋, 酸醋
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 醋
    Chaozhou 醋
    Shantou 醋
    Haifeng 醋
    Bangkok (Teochew) 醋
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 醋
    Singapore (Teochew) 醋
    Wenchang 醋
    Haikou 醋
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 醋
    Sanxiang 醋
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 醋, 酸醋
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 醋
    Wu Shanghai 醋, 米醋
    Shanghai (Chongming) 酸醋
    Suzhou 醋, 酸醋
    Wuxi 醋, 酸醋
    Danyang 醋, 酸醋
    Hangzhou 醋, 米醋
    Ningbo 米醋
    Wenzhou 醋
    Jinhua 醋, 米醋
    Xiang Changsha 醋, 小酒
    Loudi 小酒
    Shuangfeng 醋, 小酒
    Quanzhou 醋

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    酸

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. sour
    2. (chemistry) acid

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    酸
    さん
    Grade: 5
    on’yomi
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    From Middle Chinese 酸 (suɑn).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    酸(さん) • (san) 

    1. sourness (quality or condition)
    2. (chemistry) acid

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    酸
    す
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi

    Noun[edit]

    酸(す) • (su) 

    1. Alternative spelling of 酢 (“vinegar”)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    酸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    酸: Hán Nôm readings: toan[1]

    1. (chemistry, biochemistry) acid

    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Trần (1999).
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