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See also: and
U+9E79, 鹹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E79

[U+9E78]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9E7A]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 197, +9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜田戈竹口 (YWIHR), four-corner 23650, composition )

Related characters[edit]

  • – simplified to an existing character.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1507, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47553
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2035, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4610, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+9E79

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡrɯːm) : semantic (salt) + phonetic (OC *ɡrɯːm).

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hjam (salty) or *g-rjum (salt); compare Chepang ल्‍हाम्‌सा (hlam‑, salty (not excessively)), Jingpho jum (salt) (STEDT).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • gèng - vernacular;
  • hàng - literary.
Note:
  • kiâm - vernacular;
  • hâm - literary.
Note:
  • 3hhe - vernacular;
  • 3hhi - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian³⁵/
Harbin /ɕian²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕian⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiã⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕian⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕiã²⁴/ ~陽
/xã²⁴/ ~菜
Xining /ɕiã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
/xɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕian⁵¹/
/xan⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕiɛn²¹³/
Chengdu /xan³¹/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ɕien²⁴/
Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/ ~阳
/xɑŋ¹³/ ~菜
Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦa³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕie⁴⁴/
/xɛ⁴⁴/ ~鹽
Tunxi /xɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/ ~魚
Xiangtan /ɦan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /han²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /ham¹¹/
Taoyuan /hɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ham²¹/
Nanning /ham²¹/
Hong Kong /ham²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ham³⁵/
/kiam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /aŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /ham⁵⁵/
/kiam⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ham³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (33)
Final () (151)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter heam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠɛm/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦᵚæm/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɐm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəɨm/
Li
Rong
/ɣɐm/
Wang
Li
/ɣɐm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣăm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
haam4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xián
Middle
Chinese
‹ hɛm ›
Old
Chinese
/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁr[o]m/
English salty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 13516
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡrɯːm/
Notes

Definitions[edit]

  1. salty; briny
      ―  xiáncài  ―  salted vegetables
      ―  Tāng tài xián le.  ―  The soup is too salty.
  2. (Southern Min) stingy; miserly
  3. (Southern Min) rice topping; viand
  4. (Cantonese, Teochew, attributive) Short for 鹹濕咸湿 (haam4 sap1, “erotic; pornographic”).
    [Cantonese]  ―  haam4 pin3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  pornographic video
  5. (Yangjiang Yue) salt

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɡemᴬ
  • Zhuang: hamz

See also[edit]

Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text)
(tián) (suān) (xián) () 鮮味鲜味 (xiānwèi)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. salty

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

(eumhun (jjal ham))

  1. Hanja form? of (salty).

(eumhun (da ham))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: hàm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.