減

See also: 减

減 U+6E1B, 減 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E1B ← 渚 [U+6E1A] CJK Unified Ideographs 渜 → [U+6E1C]

Translingual

Han character

減 (radical 85 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹口 (EIHR), four-corner 3315₀, composition ⿰氵咸)

1. decrease, subtract, diminish

References

• KangXi: page 633, character 42
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17759
• Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1671, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6E1B

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Chinese

trad.		減
simp.		减

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	*kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms
轗	*kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	*qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	*krɯːm, *kjum
黬	*krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm
減	*krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	*ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	*ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǎn (jian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kám
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiám / kám

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giam²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: jiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
    • Wade-Giles: chien³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaam²
    • Yale: gáam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gam²
    • IPA ^(key): /kɑːm³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kám
    • Hakka Romanization System: gam`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gam³
    • IPA: /kam³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiám
    • Tâi-lô: kiám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiarm
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám
    • Tâi-lô: kám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: karm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

• kiám - vernacular;
• kám - literary;
• kiám - literary (Zhangzhou).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: giam²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiám
  • IPA ^(key): /kiam⁵²/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 減
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕian²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕian²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕian¹³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiã⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiɛn⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕian⁴²/ /kan⁴²/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɛ̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕien²¹²/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiĩ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie⁵³/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiɑŋ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕie⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ke⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ke̞⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕiẽ̞⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ka³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕie³⁵/ /kɛ³⁵/
	Tunxi	/kɔ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kan⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/kan⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/kan²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kam³¹/
	Taoyuan	/kɑm³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kam³⁵/
	Nanning	/kam³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kam³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kam⁵³/ /kiam⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kɛiŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kaŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kiam⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kiam²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛm^X/, /kˠɛm^X/▼

Rime
Character	減	減
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	下斬切	古斬切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛmX/	/kˠɛmX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæmX/	/kᵚæmX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐmX/	/kɐmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨmX/	/kəɨmX/
Li Rong	/ɣɐmX/	/kɐmX/
Wang Li	/ɣɐmX/	/kɐmX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣămX/	/kămX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn	jiǎn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*m-kˤr[ə]mʔ/, /*kˤr[ə]mʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯːmʔ/, /*ɡrɯːmʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	減	減
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǎn	jiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛmX ›	‹ kɛmX ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kˤr[ə]mʔ/	/*kˤr[ə]mʔ/
English	abridge	reduce
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	減	減
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13509	13521
Phonetic component	咸	咸
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	鹼	豏
Old Chinese	/*krɯːmʔ/	/*ɡrɯːmʔ/

Definitions

減

1. to subtract
2. 55th tetragram of the Taixuanjing

Antonyms

• 加 (jiā, “to add”)

Compounds

• 減低／减低 (jiǎndī)
• 減俸／减俸
• 減價／减价 (jiǎnjià)
• 減充血劑／减充血剂 (jiǎnchōngxuèjì)
• 減免／减免 (jiǎnmiǎn)
• 減刑／减刑 (jiǎnxíng)
• 減削／减削
• 減半／减半
• 減卻／减却
• 減去／减去
• 減員／减员 (jiǎnyuán)
• 減噪／减噪
• 減壓／减压
• 減壓時間表／减压时间表
• 減壓病／减压病
• 減壓症／减压症
• 減壓程序／减压程序
• 減壓表／减压表
• 減妝／减妆
• 減實／减实
• 減少／减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
• 減幅／减幅
• 減弱／减弱 (jiǎnruò)
• 減息／减息

• 減慢／减慢
• 減振／减振
• 減掉／减掉
• 減排／减排
• 減損／减损
• 減搖鰭／减摇鳍
• 減摩／减摩
• 減數／减数 (jiǎnshù)
• 減數分裂／减数分裂 (jiǎnshù fēnliè)
• 減核／减核
• 減殺／减杀
• 減毒活疫苗／减毒活疫苗
• 減河／减河
• 減法／减法 (jiǎnfǎ)
• 減災／减灾
• 減產／减产 (jiǎnchǎn)
• 減益／减益
• 減碳／减碳
• 減租減息／减租减息
• 減稅／减税 (jiǎnshuì)
• 減筆字／减笔字
• 減緩／减缓
• 減縮／减缩 (jiǎnsuō)

• 減聲器／减声器
• 減肥／减肥 (jiǎnféi)
• 減色／减色
• 減色法／减色法
• 減薪／减薪
• 減號／减号
• 減計／减计
• 減負／减负
• 減輕／减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
• 減退／减退 (jiǎntuì)
• 減速／减速 (jiǎnsù)
• 減速傘／减速伞
• 減速副翼／减速副翼
• 減速劑／减速剂
• 減速器／减速器
• 減速度／减速度
• 減速火箭／减速火箭
• 減速運動／减速运动
• 減除／减除 (jiǎnchú)
• 減震／减震 (jiǎnzhèn)
• 減震器／减震器 (jiǎnzhènqì)
• 減震鞋／减震鞋
• 減額／减额

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Japanese

Kanji

減

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: けん (ken); げん (gen, Jōyō)
• Kan’on: かん (kan)
• Kun: へる (heru, 減る, Jōyō); へらす (herasu, 減らす, Jōyō)

Suffix

減 (hiragana げん, rōmaji -gen)

1. reduction

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Korean

Hanja

減 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune-Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

減 (giảm, dởm, xảm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.