鍼

鍼 U+937C, 鍼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-937C ← 鍻 [U+937B] CJK Unified Ideographs 鍽 → [U+937D]

Translingual

Han character

鍼 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金戈竹口 (CIHR), four-corner 8315₀, composition ⿰釒咸)

1. needle, pin, tack
2. prick
3. inject

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1315, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40667
• Dae Jaweon: page 1815, character 33
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4229, character 2
• Unihan data for U+937C

Chinese

trad.		鍼
simp.		𰾗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	*kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms
轗	*kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	*qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	*krɯːm, *kjum
黬	*krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm
減	*krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	*ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	*ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhēn (zhen¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zam¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhen
    • Wade–Giles: chên¹
    • Yale: jēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jen
    • Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zam¹
    • Yale: jām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzam¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zem¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyim

Rime
Character	鍼
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職深切
Baxter	tsyim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕim/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cim/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəm/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[k]əm/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kjɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鍼
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēn
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyim ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[k]əm/
English	needle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鍼
Reading #	3/3
No.	13526
Phonetic component	咸
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	斟
Old Chinese	/*kjɯm/

Definitions

鍼

1. alternative form of 針 / 针 (zhēn, “needle”)

Compounds

• 南鍼 / 南针 (nánzhēn)
• 如坐鍼氈 / 如坐针毡 (rúzuòzhēnzhān)
• 方鍼 / 方针 (fāngzhēn)
• 玄鍼 / 玄针
• 砭鍼 / 砭针
• 行鍼 / 行针
• 行鍼布線 / 行针布线
• 行鍼走線 / 行针走线
• 鍼口 / 针口
• 鍼灸 / 针灸
• 鍼灸銅人 / 针灸铜人 (zhēnjiǔ tóng rén)
• 鍼砭 / 针砭 (zhēnbiān)
• 鍼芒 / 针芒
• 鍼芥相投 / 针芥相投
• 鍼關 / 针关

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qián (qian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kim⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qián
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cián
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien²
    • Yale: chyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kim⁴
    • Yale: kìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kim⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: kim⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiːm²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: gjem

Rime
Character	鍼
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨淹切
Baxter	gjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjiam/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛm/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kim4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡam/, /*ɡram/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鍼	鍼
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	13523	13525
Phonetic component	咸	咸
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	鍼	箝
Old Chinese	/*ɡam/	/*ɡram/

Definitions

鍼

1. a surname

Japanese

Kanji

鍼

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: しん (shin)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: しん (shin)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Kun: はり (hari, 鍼)、さす (sasu, 鍼す)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鍼
はり Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Extension of and cognate with 針 (hari, “needle used in embroidery”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) はり [háꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ha̠ɾʲi]

Noun

鍼(はり) • (hari) 

1. a needle used in acupuncture
2. (by extension) acupuncture

Derived terms

• 鍼(はり)按(あん)摩(ま) (hari anma)
• 鍼(はり)医(い) (harī)
• 鍼(はり)医(い)者(しゃ) (hari isha)
• 鍼(はり)立(た)て (haritate)
• 鍼筒(はりづつ) (harizutsu)
• 鍼(はり)麻(ま)酔(すい) (harimasui)
• 石鍼(いしばり) (ishibari)
• 管鍼(くだばり) (kudabari)
• 披(は)鍼(ばり) (habari)
• 焼(や)き鍼(ばり) (yakibari), 焼(や)い鍼(ばり) (yaibari)

Proverb

1. 死(し)に馬(うま)に鍼(はり) (shi ni uma ni hari), 死(し)に馬(うま)に鍼(はり)をさす (shi ni uma ni hari o sasu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鍼
しん Hyōgai
on'yomi

/ɕim/ → /ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/

From Middle Chinese 鍼 (MC tsyim).

Affix

鍼(しん) • (shin) 

1. needle used in acupuncture

Derived terms

• 鍼(しん)医(い) (shin'i)
• 鍼灸(しんきゅう) (shinkyū)
• 鍼形(しんけい) (shinkei)
• 鍼線(しんせん) (shinsen)
• 鍼術(しんじゅつ) (shinjutsu)
• 鍼薬(しんやく) (shin'yaku)
• 火(か)鍼(しん) (kashin)
• 管鍼(かんしん) (kanshin)
• 灸(きゅう)頭鍼(とうしん) (kyūtōshin)
• 金鍼(きんしん) (kinshin)
• 銀鍼(ぎんしん) (ginshin)
• 打(だ)鍼(しん) (dashin)
• 電気鍼(でんきしん) (denkishin)
• 鈹(ひ)鍼(しん) (hishin)

References

• “^▲鍼”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

鍼 • (chim, gam) (hangeul 침, 감, revised chim, gam, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, kam, Yale chim, kam)

1. (침 침): needle (used in acupuncture).

Synonyms

• 針 (침, chim) needle (used in sewing, etc., i.e., 바늘).

Compounds

• 鍼術 (침술, chimsul) acupuncture

Okinawan

Kanji

鍼

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Kun: はーい (hāi, 鍼)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鍼
はーい Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Extension of and cognate with 針 (hāi, “needle used in embroidery”).

Pronunciation

• (Shuri-Naha) はあい [hàáí] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [haːi]

Noun

鍼(はーい) (hāi) 

1. needle used in acupuncture

Further reading

• “はーい【針・鍼】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.