緊

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See also: 紧
緊 U+7DCA, 緊
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DCA
← 緉
[U+7DC9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 緋 →
[U+7DCB]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

緊 (radical 120, 糸+8 in Chinese, 糸+9 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 15 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸水女戈火 (SEVIF), four-corner 77903, composition ⿱臤糸)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 929, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27603
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1367, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3410, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+7DCA

Chinese[edit]

trad. 緊
simp. 紧

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臤 *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔 *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳 *kʰriːn
藖 *ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅 *kiːn
鋻 *kiːn, *kiːns
鰹 *kiːn
蜸 *kʰiːnʔ
菣 *kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢 *ɡiːn
礥 *ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔 *ɡiːnʔ
挋 *kiŋs
臣 *ɡiŋ
茞 *ɡiŋ
腎 *ɡjinʔ
頣 *hŋiŋʔ
緊 *kinʔ
嚚 *ŋɡriŋ
鏗 *kʰreːŋ
摼 *kʰreːŋ
硻 *kʰreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kinʔ): phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic 糸.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居忍切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kinX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kjenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kinX/
Li
Rong 		/kiĕnX/
Wang
Li 		/kĭĕnX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jǐn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjinX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qi[n]ʔ/ (I! no palatalization)
English tight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
No. 1346
Phonetic
component 		臣
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		緊
Old
Chinese 		/*kinʔ/

Definitions[edit]

緊

  1. tense; tight; taut; tightly
  2. firm; secure
  3. to tighten
    • 緊一緊腰帶 / 紧一紧腰带  ―  jǐn yī jǐn yāodài  ―  to tighten the belt a little
  4. strict
  5. pressing; urgent
  6. short of money; hard up
  7. violent; heavy
    • 雨下得緊。 / 雨下得紧。  ―  Yǔ xià de jǐn.  ―  It's raining quite heavily.
  8. critical; important
  9. (literary or Min Nan) quick; rapid; quickly
  10. (Cantonese) Grammatical particle used to express progressive aspect (an ongoing activity) which may undergo a change of state. Similar to the -ing form in English.

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 快 (“fast; quick; speedy”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 快, 快速, 迅速
Mandarin Beijing 快
Taiwan 快
Harbin 快騰
Jinan 快
Wanrong 快
Xi'an 快
Wuhan 快
Chengdu 快, 快當, 快性
Guiyang 快, 快當
Yangzhou 快, 𢜶
Nanjing 快, 𢜶
Hefei 快, 𢜶
Malaysia 快
Singapore 快
Cantonese Guangzhou 快, 快脆
Hong Kong 快, 快脆
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 快
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 快
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 快
Taishan 快, 快脆
Dongguan 快脆
Yangjiang 快
Kuala Lumpur 快
Singapore 快
Gan Nanchang 快
Lichuan 快
Pingxiang 快
Hakka Meixian 遽, 快
Xingning 遽
Huidong (Daling) 遽, 快
Qujiang 䟐
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 急
Changting 䟐
Pingyu 遽, 䟐
Wuping 䟐
Ninghua 䟐
Yudu 快
Ruijin 遽
Shicheng 快, 䟐
Shangyou 快
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 遽
Liudui (S. Sixian) 遽
Hsinchu (Hailu) 遽
Dongshi (Dabu) 遽, 拚
Hsinchu (Raoping) 遽
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 緊
Hong Kong 快
Senai 遽
Huizhou Jixi 快
Jin Taiyuan 快
Min Bei Jian'ou 快
Min Dong Fuzhou 快, 猛
Min Nan Xiamen 緊
Quanzhou 緊
Yongchun 緊
Zhangzhou 緊
Taipei 緊
Penang (Hokkien) 緊, 猛, 快
Singapore (Hokkien) 緊
Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 緊
Datian 緊
Chaozhou 猛
Shantou 猛
Haifeng 猛
Thailand (Bangkok Teochew) 猛
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 猛
Singapore (Teochew) 猛
Wenchang 猛
Haikou 猛
Leizhou 猛
Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 快, 快當
Wu Shanghai 快, 𢜶
Suzhou 快, 𢜶
Hangzhou 快
Wenzhou 快, 緊
Chongming 快
Danyang 快, 𢜶
Jinhua 快
Ningbo 快
Xiang Changsha 快, 快迅
Shuangfeng 快, 快迅
Dialectal synonyms of 正在 (“in the process of; currently”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 正在, 刻正
Mandarin Beijing 正在, 在
Taiwan 正在, 在
Cantonese Guangzhou 喺度, 喺處, 緊 >
Hong Kong 喺度, 喺處, 緊 >
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 在該, 當在
Liudui (S. Sixian) 當, 在該
Hsinchu (Hailu) 當, 在該
Dongshi (Dabu) 當, 在該
Hsinchu (Raoping) 當, 在該
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 正在, 在遐
Min Nan Xiamen 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
Quanzhou 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
Zhangzhou 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 當時
Taipei 佇咧, 咧, 當咧
Philippines (Manila Hokkien) 佇咧, 咧
Shantou 在
Note > - after verb

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 緊

Further reading[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

緊

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

緊 • (gin) (hangeul 긴, revised gin, McCune–Reischauer kin, Yale kin)

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Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

緊 (khẩn, lẳm)

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References[edit]

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