緊

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See also: 紧
緊 U+7DCA, 緊
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DCA
← 緉
[U+7DC9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 緋 →
[U+7DCB]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

緊 (radical 120, 糸+8 in Chinese, 糸+9 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 15 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 尸水女戈火 (SEVIF), four-corner 77903, composition ⿱臤糸)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 929, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27603
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1367, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3410, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+7DCA

Chinese[edit]

trad. 緊
simp. 紧

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臤 *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔 *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳 *kʰriːn
藖 *ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅 *kiːn
鋻 *kiːn, *kiːns
鰹 *kiːn
蜸 *kʰiːnʔ
菣 *kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢 *ɡiːn
礥 *ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔 *ɡiːnʔ
挋 *kiŋs
臣 *ɡiŋ
茞 *ɡiŋ
腎 *ɡjinʔ
頣 *hŋiŋʔ
緊 *kinʔ
嚚 *ŋɡriŋ
鏗 *kʰreːŋ
摼 *kʰreːŋ
硻 *kʰreːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kinʔ): phonetic 臤 (OC *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins) + semantic 糸.

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居忍切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kiɪnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kinX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kjenX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kinX/
Li
Rong 		/kiĕnX/
Wang
Li 		/kĭĕnX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ĕnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jǐn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jǐn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjinX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qi[n]ʔ/ (I! no palatalization)
English tight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 緊
Reading # 1/1
No. 1346
Phonetic
component 		臣
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		緊
Old
Chinese 		/*kinʔ/

Definitions[edit]

緊

  1. tense; tight; taut; tightly
  2. firm; secure
  3. to tighten
    • 緊一緊腰帶 / 紧一紧腰带  ―  jǐn yī jǐn yāodài  ―  to tighten the belt a little
  4. strict
  5. pressing; urgent
  6. short of money; hard up
  7. violent; heavy
    • 雨下得緊。 / 雨下得紧。  ―  Yǔ xià de jǐn.  ―  It's raining quite heavily.
  8. critical; important
  9. (literary or Hokkien, Datian Min, Zhao'an Hakka, Wenzhou Wu) quick; rapid; quickly
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 緊 (“tight”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 緊
Mandarin Taiwan 緊
Guilin 緊
Singapore 緊
Cantonese Guangzhou 緊, 衡 †
Hong Kong 緊, 衡 †
Singapore (Guangfu) 緊
Hakka Meixian 緊, 絚
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 絚
Liudui (S. Sixian) 絚
Hsinchu (Hailu) 絚
Dongshi (Dabu) 絚
Hsinchu (Raoping) 絚
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 絚
Min Nan Xiamen 絚
Quanzhou 絚, 絚丹
Zhangzhou 絚
Taipei 絚 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 絚
Singapore (Hokkien) 絚
Chaozhou 絚
Shantou 絚
Jieyang 絚
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - only used for pulled objects as a resultative
Dialectal synonyms of 快 (“fast; quick; speedy”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 疾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 快, 快速, 迅速
Mandarin Beijing 快
Taiwan 快
Harbin 快騰
Jinan 快
Wanrong 快
Xi'an 快
Wuhan 快
Chengdu 快, 快當, 快性
Guiyang 快, 快當
Guilin 快
Yangzhou 快, 𢜶
Nanjing 快, 𢜶
Hefei 快, 𢜶
Malaysia 快
Singapore 快
Cantonese Guangzhou 快, 快脆
Hong Kong 快, 快脆
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 快
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 快
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 快
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 快
Taishan 快, 快脆
Dongguan 快脆
Qingyuan 快
Yangjiang 快
Danzhou 快
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 快
Penang (Guangfu) 快
Singapore (Guangfu) 快
Gan Nanchang 快
Lichuan 快
Pingxiang 快
Hakka Meixian 遽, 快
Xingning 遽
Huidong (Daling) 遽, 快
Qujiang 䟐
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 急
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 緊
Changting 䟐
Wuping 䟐
Wuping (Pingyu) 遽, 䟐
Ninghua 䟐
Yudu 快
Ruijin 遽
Shicheng 快, 䟐
Shangyou 快
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 遽
Liudui (S. Sixian) 遽
Hsinchu (Hailu) 遽
Dongshi (Dabu) 遽, 拚
Hsinchu (Raoping) 遽
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 緊
Hong Kong 快
Senai (Huiyang) 遽
Huizhou Jixi 快
Jin Taiyuan 快
Min Bei Jian'ou 快
Songxi 快
Jianyang 快
Min Dong Fuzhou 快, 猛
Gutian 快
Ningde 快
Zhouning 快
Fuding 快
Min Nan Xiamen 緊
Xiamen (Tong'an) 緊
Quanzhou 緊
Jinjiang 緊
Anxi 緊
Yongchun 緊
Zhangzhou 猛, 緊
Zhao'an 猛, 兇
Taipei 緊
Kaohsiung 緊
Tainan 緊
Penang (Hokkien) 緊, 猛, 快
Singapore (Hokkien) 緊
Manila (Hokkien) 緊
Longyan 快
Datian 緊
Chaozhou 猛
Shantou 猛
Chenghai 猛
Jieyang 猛
Haifeng 猛
Bangkok (Teochew) 猛
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 猛
Singapore (Teochew) 猛
Leizhou 猛
Wenchang 猛, 快
Haikou 猛
Qionghai 快
Singapore (Hainanese) 猛
Puxian Min Putian 緊
Xianyou 緊
Min Zhong Yong'an 烈
Shaxian 烈
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 快, 快當
Shehua Fu'an 快
Fuding 快
Luoyuan 快
Shunchang 快
Hua'an 快
Guixi (Zhangping) 快
Cangnan 快
Jingning 快
Lishui 快
Longyou 快
Wu Shanghai 快, 𢜶
Chongming 快
Suzhou 快, 𢜶
Hangzhou 快
Danyang 快, 𢜶
Ningbo 快
Wenzhou 快, 緊
Jinhua 快
Xiang Changsha 快, 快迅
Shuangfeng 快, 快迅

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 緊

Etymology 2[edit]

Possibly from earlier 近處／近处 (gan6-2 cyu3, gan6-2 syu3, “future marker expressing the imminent aspect”) (Kataoka, 2018).

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

緊

  1. (Cantonese) Grammatical particle used to express progressive aspect (an ongoing activity) which may undergo a change of state. Similar to the -ing form in English.
    我讀緊書。 / 我读紧书。 [Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 duk6 gan2 syu1. [Jyutping]  ―  I am attending school.
    佢著緊衫。 / 佢着紧衫。 [Cantonese]  ―  keoi5 zoek3 gan2 saam1. [Jyutping]  ―  He/she is putting clothes on.
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 正在 (“in the process of; currently”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 正在, 刻正
Mandarin Beijing 正在, 在
Taiwan 正在, 在
Guilin 在
Malaysia 正在, 在
Cantonese Guangzhou 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
Hong Kong 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 在該, 當在
Liudui (S. Sixian) 當, 在該
Hsinchu (Hailu) 當, 在該
Dongshi (Dabu) 當, 在該
Hsinchu (Raoping) 當, 在該
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 正在, 在遐
Min Dong Fuzhou 著𡅏, 𡅏
Min Nan Xiamen 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
Quanzhou 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
Zhangzhou 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 當時
Tainan 佇咧, 咧, 當咧
Penang (Hokkien) 佇
Manila (Hokkien) 佇咧, 咧
Shantou 在
Chaoyang 在
Wu Shanghai 辣, 辣辣, 辣海
Wenzhou 是, 是搭

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

緊

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

緊 (eum 긴 (gin))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

緊: Hán Nôm readings: khẩn, lẳm

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References[edit]

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