最近

Chinese

		(the) most; ‑est	near; close (to); approximately
trad. (最近)		最	近
simp. #(最近)		最	近

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zuìjìn

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zeoi³ gan⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): dui¹ gin^5*

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chui-khiun
• Eastern Min (BUC): còi-*gê̤ṳng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chòe-kūn / chòe-kǔn / chòe-kīn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zuê³ geng⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹tsoe-jin; ¹tsoe ⁶jin; ⁵tsoe-jin / ⁵tse-jin₆

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zuìjìn
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zuèijìn
    • Wade–Giles: tsui⁴-chin⁴
    • Yale: dzwèi-jìn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzueyjinn
    • Palladius: цзуйцзинь (czujczinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zeoi³ gan⁶
    • Yale: jeui gahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey³ gan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêu³ gen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵy̯³³ kɐn²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: dui¹ gin^5*
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tui³³ kin³²⁻³²⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chui-khiun
    • Hakka Romanization System: zui kiun
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zui⁴ kiun⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡su̯i⁵⁵ kʰi̯un⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: còi-*gê̤ṳng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡søy⁵³⁻²¹ køyŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kūn
    • Tâi-lô: tsuè-kūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoea'kun
    • IPA (Singapore): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁴² kun²²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ kun²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue¹¹⁻⁵³ kun³³/
    • IPA (Kinmen): /t͡sue¹²⁻⁵³ kun²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kǔn
    • Tâi-lô: tsuè-kǔn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kun²²/
    • IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kun³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kīn
    • Tâi-lô: tsuè-kīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoea'kin
    • IPA (Penang): /t͡sue²¹⁻³³ kin²¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ kin²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁴¹ kin³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zuê³ geng⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuè kṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kɯŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsoe-jin; ¹tsoe ⁶jin; ⁵tsoe-jin
    • MiniDict: tsoe^平 jin; tsoe^平 jin^去; tsoe^去 jin
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsoe-jjin; ¹tsoe ³jjin; ²tsoe-jjin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sø⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/, /t͡sø⁴⁴  d͡ʑin²³/, /t͡sø³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/
  • (Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tse-jin₆
    • MiniDict: tse^去 jin^去
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡se⁵² d͡ʑin³³/

Note:

• ¹tsoe ⁶jin — The adjective sense can only take this reading in Shanghainese whilst the adverb sense can take all the readings listed;
• ⁵tsoe-jin — somewhat rare in Shanghainese.

Adverb

最近

1. recently; lately; of late

   是不是最近很忙？ [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Shìbùshì zuìjìn hěn máng? [Pinyin]

   Been busy lately?

   我最近買了一塊地。 [MSC, trad.]
   我最近买了一块地。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ zuìjìn mǎi le yī kuài dì. [Pinyin]

   I bought a piece of land recently.

   她最近跑到上海去了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Tā zuìjìn pǎo dào Shànghǎi qù le. [Pinyin]

   She ran off to Shanghai recently.

Synonyms

• 一向 (yīxiàng)
• 只兩幫／只两帮 (cī-lâng-bōng) (Eastern Min)
• 只幫／只帮 (cī-bōng) (Eastern Min)
• 新近 (xīnjìn)
• 日來／日来 (rìlái) (literary)
• 比來／比来 (bǐlái) (literary)
• 比年 (bǐnián) (literary)
• 比歲／比岁 (bǐsuì) (literary)
• 近來／近来 (jìnlái)
• 邇來／迩来 (ěrlái) (literary)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (最近):

• → Japanese: 最(さい)近(きん) (saikin)
• → Korean: 최근(最近) (choegeun)

Adjective

最近

1. latest; most recent

   這是最近一期的《讀者》。 [MSC, trad.]
   这是最近一期的《读者》。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè shì zuìjìn yī qī de “Dúzhě”. [Pinyin]

   This is the latest issue of Duzhe.

Synonyms

• 全新 (quánxīn)
• 最新 (zuìxīn) (attributive)
• 嶄新／崭新 (zhǎnxīn)
• 斬新／斩新 (zhǎnxīn) (literary)
• 新簇簇 (san¹ cuk¹ cuk¹) (Cantonese, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 新觸觸／新触触 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 新點點／新点点 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 簇新 (cùxīn)
• 銃新／铳新 (Hakka)
• 非常新 (fēicháng xīn)

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zuìjìn

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeoi³ kan⁵, zeoi³ gan⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chui-khiûn
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chòe-kūn / chòe-kīn / chòe-kǔn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zuê³ geng⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zuìjìn
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄟˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zuèijìn
    • Wade–Giles: tsui⁴-chin⁴
    • Yale: dzwèi-jìn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzueyjinn
    • Palladius: цзуйцзинь (czujczinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕin⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zeoi³ kan⁵, zeoi³ gan⁶
    • Yale: jeui káhn, jeui gahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoey³ kan⁵, dzoey³ gan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêu³ ken⁵, zêu³ gen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵy̯³³ kʰɐn¹³/, /t͡sɵy̯³³ kɐn²²/

Note:

• zeoi3 kan5 - vernacular;
• zeoi3 gan6 - literary.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chui-khiûn
    • Hakka Romanization System: zui kiun´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zui⁴ kiun¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡su̯i⁵⁵ kʰi̯un²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kūn
    • Tâi-lô: tsuè-kūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoea'kun
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ kun²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sue¹¹⁻⁵³ kun³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kīn
    • Tâi-lô: tsuè-kīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoea'kin
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁵³ kin²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sue²¹⁻⁴¹ kin³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòe-kǔn
    • Tâi-lô: tsuè-kǔn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kun²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zuê³ geng⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuè kṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kɯŋ³⁵/

Adjective

最近

1. nearest; closest

   哪個醫院離這兒最近？ [MSC, trad.]
   哪个医院离这儿最近？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǎge yīyuàn lí zhèr zuìjìn? [Pinyin]

   Which hospital is closest to here?

Synonyms

• (Min Nan) 第近

References

• “Entry #50044”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
最	近
さい Grade: 4	きん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

最 (sai-, “most”) +‎ 近 (kin, “close”)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さいきん [sàíkíń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [sa̠ikʲĩɴ]

• Homophone: 細菌

Noun

最(さい)近(きん) • (saikin) 

1. the latest; the most recent

Adverb

最(さい)近(きん) • (saikin) 

1. nowadays
2. recently
   • マンガで分かるLisp (The Manga Guide to Lisp)

     みりん。地(ち)域(いき)猫(ねこ)。最(さい)近(きん)までマクロのことをマグロと思(おも)っていた。

     Mirin. Chīkineko. Saikin made makuro no koto o maguro to omotteita.

     Mirin: A neighbours' cat. Until recently often confused macros with tuna [maguro].

Derived terms

• 極(ごく)最(さい)近(きん) (gokusaikin, “very recently”) (uncommon)

Korean

Hanja in this term
最	近

Noun

最近 • (choegeun) (hangeul 최근)

1. Hanja form^? of 최근 (“the latest, the most recent”).