kín

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kin"

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of kín – see 緊 (“quick; rapid; quickly”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 緊).

Hungarian

Etymology

From a Turkic language. Compare Chuvash хӗн (hĕn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkiːn]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iːn

Noun

kín (plural kínok)

1. (literary) (intensive) pain, suffering

   Synonyms: fájdalom, gyötrelem, szenvedés, kínszenvedés

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	kín	kínok
accusative	kínt	kínokat
dative	kínnak	kínoknak
instrumental	kínnal	kínokkal
causal-final	kínért	kínokért
translative	kínná	kínokká
terminative	kínig	kínokig
essive-formal	kínként	kínokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	kínban	kínokban
superessive	kínon	kínokon
adessive	kínnál	kínoknál
illative	kínba	kínokba
sublative	kínra	kínokra
allative	kínhoz	kínokhoz
elative	kínból	kínokból
delative	kínról	kínokról
ablative	kíntól	kínoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	kíné	kínoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	kínéi	kínokéi

Possessive forms of kín

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	kínom	kínjaim
2nd person sing.	kínod	kínjaid
3rd person sing.	kínja	kínjai
1st person plural	kínunk	kínjaink
2nd person plural	kínotok	kínjaitok
3rd person plural	kínjuk	kínjaik

Derived terms

• kínjában
• kínlódik
• kínos
• kínoz

Compound words

• kínszenvedés

Descendants

• → Romanian: chin

Further reading

• kín in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kin˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [kin˦˧˥]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [kɨn˦˥]

Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 緊 (SV: khẩn). Compare Shan ၵိၼ်း (kín, “narrow, constricted”).

For some examples of ‹i› in vernacular loans versus ‹â› in standard Sino-Vietnamese, see also phím, kịp, tim, nhịn.

Adjective

kín • (謹, 𡫨)

1. closed; covered; sealed; enclosed
2. secret; private

Derived terms

• hội kín
• kín đáo
• kín kẽ
• kín mít
• kín tiếng
• sâu kín
• thầm kín

Descendants

• → Khmer: គិញ (kɨñ)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

kín • (謹)

1. (possibly obsolete) to fetch; to go get
   • 1941, Nam Cao, Chí Phèo:

     Chiều hôm ấy thị Nở cũng ra sông kín nước như mọi chiều.

     That afternoon, as always, Nở went to the river to fetch some water.