# closed

## English

English Wikipedia has articles on:
Wikipedia

### Pronunciation

closed (not comparable)

1. Sealed, made inaccessible or impassable; not open.
2. (of a store or business) Not operating or conducting trade.
3. Not public.
closed source  a closed committee
4. (topology, of a set) Having an open complement.
5. (mathematics, of a set) Such that its image under the specified operation is contained in it.
The set of integers is closed under addition: ${\displaystyle \forall x,y\in \mathbb {Z} \,x+y\in \mathbb {Z} }$.
6. (mathematics, logic, of a formula) Lacking a free variable.
7. (graph theory, of a walk) Whose first and last vertices are the same, forming a closed loop.
8. (phonology) Formed by closing the mouth and nose passages completely, like the consonants /t/, /d/, and /p/.
9. (phonology) Having the sound cut off sharply by a following consonant, like the /ɪ/ in pin.

#### Antonyms

• (also phonetics (of vowels, syllables)): open

#### Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

### Verb

closed

1. simple past tense and past participle of close

## Welsh

### Noun

closed m (plural closedau)

1. Alternative form of closet

### Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
closed glosed nghlosed chlosed
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.